Graph plotting in Python
Dr. Santosh Prasad Gupta
Assistant Professor
Department of Physics
Patna University, Patna
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 1
In this document we learn about:
Simple plot
Simple plot of 𝒙𝟐 with default setting
Simple plot of 𝒙, 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑 with modification
Plot of trigonometric function: 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
Plot of trigonometric function: 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝒙
Subplot: Horizontally and Vertically
Subplot of trigonometric function : 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝟐
Scatter plot
Scatter plot of exponential function : 𝐞𝐱𝐩(𝐱)
Contour plot
Contour plot : 𝒁 = 𝑿𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
Bar plot
Bar plot of a data set by defining a dictionary
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Graph plotting with Matplotlib
Matplotlib comes with a set of default settings that allow customizing all kinds of
properties. You can control the defaults of almost every property in matplotlib: figure
size and dpi, line width, color and style, axes, axis and grid properties, text and font
properties and so on.
Simple plotting of 𝒙𝟐 with default setting
[Link](a, b, stepsize)
[Link](a, b, number of stepes)
# Simple plotting with default setting
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
# evenly sampled space: at 20 intervals
x = [Link](0, 10, 0.5)
#x = [Link](0, 10, 20)
# red dashes, blue squares and green triangles
[Link](x, x**2)
[Link]()
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Simple plotting with some modification
Plotting: 𝒙, 𝒙𝟐 , 𝒙𝟑
# Simple plotting with modification
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
# evenly sampled space: at 20 intervals
x = [Link](0, 10, 0.5)
#x = [Link](0, 10, 20)
# red dashes, blue squares and green triangles
[Link](x, x, 'r--', label="x")
[Link](x, x**2, 'bs',label="x^2")
[Link](x, x**3, 'g^', label="x^3")
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link]("Simple plotting")
[Link]()
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Plotting trigonometric function with Matplotlib
Plotting trigonometric function 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙
# plotting with default setting
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
X = [Link](-[Link], [Link], 256)
C, S = [Link](X), [Link](X)
[Link](X, C)
[Link](X, S)
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 5
Changing colors and line widths
...
[Link](figsize=(10, 6), dpi=80)
[Link](X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-")
[Link](X, S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-")
...
# plotting with Changing colors and line widths
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
X = [Link](-[Link], [Link], 256)
C, S = [Link](X), [Link](X)
[Link](figsize=(10, 6), dpi=80)
[Link](X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-")
[Link](X, S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-")
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 6
Setting limits of x and y axis
...
[Link]([Link]() * 1.2, [Link]() * 1.3)
[Link]([Link]() * 1.5, [Link]() * 1.4)
...
# plotting with modification
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
X = [Link](-[Link], [Link], 256)
C, S = [Link](X), [Link](X)
[Link](figsize=(10, 6), dpi=80)
[Link](X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-")
[Link](X, S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-")
[Link]([Link]() * 1.2, [Link]() * 1.3)
[Link]([Link]() * 1.5, [Link]() * 1.4)
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 7
Setting tick labels
Ticks are now properly placed but their label is not very explicit. We could guess that
3.142 is π but it would be better to make it explicit. When we set tick values, we can
also provide a corresponding label in the second argument list. Note that we’ll use latex
to allow for nice rendering of the label. ...
[Link]([-[Link], -[Link]/2, 0, [Link]/2, [Link]],
[r'$-pi$', r'$-pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$+pi/2$', r'$+pi$'])
[Link]([-1, 0, +1],
# plotting with default setting [r'$-1$', r'$0$', r'$+1$'])
import numpy as np ...
import [Link] as plt
X = [Link](-[Link], [Link], 256)
C, S = [Link](X), [Link](X)
[Link](figsize=(10, 6), dpi=80)
[Link](X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-")
[Link](X, S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-")
[Link]([Link]() * 1.2, [Link]() * 1.3)
[Link]([Link]() * 1.5, [Link]() * 1.4)
[Link]([-[Link], -[Link]/2, 0, [Link]/2, [Link]],
[r'$-pi$', r'$-pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$+pi/2$', r'$+pi$'])
[Link]([-1, 0, +1],
[r'$-1$', r'$0$', r'$+1$'])
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 8
Adding legend and title
...
[Link](X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="cosine")
[Link](X, S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="sine")
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link]("Trigonometry function plot")
…
# plotting with modification
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
X = [Link](-[Link], [Link], 256)
C, S = [Link](X), [Link](X)
[Link](figsize=(10, 6), dpi=80)
[Link](X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="cosine")
[Link](X, S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="sine")
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link]("Trigonometry function plot")
[Link]([Link]() * 1.2, [Link]() * 1.3)
[Link]([Link]() * 1.5, [Link]() * 1.4)
[Link]([-[Link], -[Link]/2, 0, [Link]/2, [Link]],
[r'$-pi$', r'$-pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$+pi/2$', r'$+pi$'])
[Link]([-1, 0, +1],
[r'$-1$', r'$0$', r'$+1$'])
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 9
Including grid and x and y label in graph
# plotting with modification
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
X = [Link](-[Link], [Link], 256)
C, S = [Link](X), [Link](X)
[Link](figsize=(10, 6), dpi=80)
[Link](X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="cosine")
[Link](X, S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="sine")
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link]("Trigonometry function plot")
[Link]([Link]() * 1.2, [Link]() * 1.3)
[Link]([Link]() * 1.5, [Link]() * 1.4)
[Link]([-[Link], -[Link]/2, 0, [Link]/2, [Link]],
[r'$-pi$', r'$-pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$+pi/2$', r'$+pi$'])
[Link]([-1, 0, +1],
[r'$-1$', r'$0$', r'$+1$'])
[Link]("X axis label")
[Link]("Y axis label")
[Link](True)
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 10
Plotting of Tan and Cot function
Plotting of 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒙
# plotting tan and cot function
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
X = [Link](-[Link], [Link], 256)
C, S = [Link](X), [Link](X)
[Link](figsize=(10, 6), dpi=80)
[Link](X, C, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="tan")
[Link](X, 1/S, color="red", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="cot")
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link]("Trigonometry function plot")
[Link]([Link]() * 1.1, [Link]() * 1.1)
[Link]([Link]() * 1.1, [Link]() * 1.1)
[Link]([-[Link], -[Link]/2, 0, [Link]/2, [Link]],
[r'$-pi$', r'$-pi/2$', r'$0$', r'$+pi/2$', r'$+pi$'])
#[Link]([-1, 0, +1],
#[r'$-1$', r'$0$', r'$+1$'])
[Link](True)
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 11
Sub plot: Vertically stacked subplots
Subplot: 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝟐
# subplot tutorial
import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np
# Some example data to display
x = [Link](0, 2*[Link], 400)
y1 = [Link](x**2)
y2 = [Link](x**2)
fig, (san1, san2) = [Link](2)
[Link]('Vertically stacked subplots')
[Link](x, y1, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="sinx^2")
[Link](x, y2, color="green", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="cosx^2")
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 12
Sub plot: Horizontally stacked subplots
Subplot: 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙𝟐 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙𝟐
# subplot tutorial
import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np
# Some example data to display
x = [Link](0, 2*[Link], 400)
y1 = [Link](x**2)
y2 = [Link](x**2)
fig, (san1, san2) = [Link](1, 2)
[Link](‘Horizontally stacked subplots')
[Link](x, y1, color="blue", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="sinx^2")
[Link](x, y2, color="green", linewidth=2.5, linestyle="-", label="cosx^2")
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 13
Scatter plot:
𝒆𝒙𝒑(𝒙)
#scatter plot tutorial
import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np
# Some example data to display
x = [Link](0, 2*[Link], 40)
y = [Link](x)
[Link](x, y, color='green', label="exp")
[Link](loc='upper left')
[Link]()
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 14
Contour Plot: 𝒁 = 𝑿 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐
# contour plot tutorial
import [Link] as plt
import numpy as np
start, stop, n_values = -8, 8, 800
x_vals = [Link](start, stop, n_values)
y_vals = [Link](start, stop, n_values)
X, Y = [Link](x_vals, y_vals)
Z = [Link](X**2 + Y**2)
cp = [Link](X, Y, Z, 20, cmap=“BrBG”)
[Link](cp)
[Link]('Contour Plot')
[Link]()
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Bar Plot:
import numpy as np
import [Link] as plt
# creating the dataset
data = {'C':20, 'C++':15, 'Java':30, 'Python':35}
courses = list([Link]())
values = list([Link]())
# creating the dataset
[Link](figsize = (5, 5))
# creating the bar plot
[Link](courses, values, color =‘blue', width = 0.4)
# Labeling the X and Y axis
[Link]("Courses offered")
[Link]("No. of students enrolled")
[Link]("Students enrolled in different courses")
[Link]()
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Assignments:
Question 1: Write a python script to plot 𝒙𝟑 + 𝒆𝒙𝒑 −𝒙 − 𝟏/𝒙𝟐
Question 2: Write a python script to plot the trigonometric
function: 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙
Question 3: Write a python script for subplot of function 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 and 𝟏/𝒙
Question 4: Write a python script for contour plot of function
𝒁 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒚
Question 5: Write a python script to define the dictionary where
months of a year are the keys and number of days in each month are
the corresponding values. And show the bar plot for the dictionary.
6/24/2021 Department of Physics, PU: SP Gupta 17
