JRP (Jurnal Review Politik)

Volume 14, Number 1, June 2024, 1-20

ISSN: 2088-6241 (Printed); 2615-6504 (Online)
[Link]

THE MAPPING OF ARGUMENT ON THE

INDONESIAN CAPITAL CITY (IKN)
RELOCATION POLICY
Rino Ardhian, Ahlul Wursita Kumar, Sudarmo,
Septyanto Galan Prakoso
Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
[Link]@[Link]
ahlulwursitakumar@[Link]
sudarmo@[Link]
septyantogalan@[Link]

Abstract: This research examines the Argument Mapping Method for

structuring the Indonesian Capital City Relocation Policy problem. The
arguments were obtained from online media, online petitions and social
media. The collected data was processed by crawling data using
Netlytics software and than visualize it by Gephi. By using Argument
Mapping, this research seek to find out which actors and its arguments
and then grouping the arguments into pros and cons. This research
shows that there are differences influence of actors and meta problems
that cause pros and cons on social media regarding the development of
the National Capital, namely Institutional or Governance problem.
Keywords: capital relocation, Indonesia, media, argument mapping,
governance, IKN

Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang Metode Pemetaan Argumen

untuk penataan masalah Kebijakan Pemindahan Ibu Kota Indonesia.
Argumen-argumen tersebut didapat dari media online, petisi online,
dan media sosial. Data yang dikumpulkan diproses dengan melakukan
crawling data menggunakan software Netlytics dengan mengumpulkan
data dari twitter. Selanjutnya, penulis menggunakan Gephi untuk
memvisualisasikan data. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan
Argument Mapping yang berguna untuk mengetahui aktor dan
argumentasi yang kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi pro dan kontra.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pengaruh
dari masing-masing aktor dan meta permasalahan yang menimbulkan
pro dan kontra di media sosial mengenai pembangunan Ibu Kota
Negara, yaitu masalah Kelembagaan atau Tata Kelola.
Kata kunci: relokasi ibu kota, Indonesia, media, pemetaan argumen,
pemerintahan, IKN.

Article History: Received 22 March 2024, Revised: 15 April 2024,

Accepted: 01 May 2023, Available online 30 June 2024

Copyright: © 2024 The Authors

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-
ShareAlike 4.0 International License
Rino Ardhian, Ahlul Wursita Kumar, Sudarmo, Septyanto Galan Prakoso

Introduction
The capital city or Ibu Kota Negara (IKN) of Indonesia has
been inaugurated and is scheduled to relocate from DKI Jakarta
to Nusantara, North Penajam Paser, East Kalimantan. This was
marked by the approval of the IKN Bill (RUU) into official law by
the Indonesian House of Representatives at the DPR RI Plenary
Session, on January 18, 2022. After the bill was approved, the
Policy to Relocate the Capital City to Penajam Paser Utara (PPU)
gave an impact on many scattered arguments, particularly on the
media. Seen on the internet, ranging from online news media,
and online petition platforms, to social media, the arguments on
the internet come from people with different backgrounds. Each
stakeholder who argues brings what they believe as well as their
political interests, experiences, and circumstances that hit them
directly.
The Capital city (IKN) has a Head of Authority as regulated
in Article 1 Paragraph 10 of Law No. 3/2022 concerning Ibu Kota
Negara. The Authority is the position of the head of the Regional
Government of the Special Capital Region of the Nusantara. The
Head of the IKN Authority has a ministerial-level position, and
is appointed and dismissed by the President after consulting with
the Legislative (DPR) (Anggela, 2022). The IKN Authority is
responsible for and has the right to carry out IKN preparation,
development, and relocation purposes (Herdiana, 2022). The IKN
Authority also has the authority to grant investment licensing,
ease of doing business, as well as providing special facilities to
parties that support financing in the context of preparation,
development, and relocation of the IKN, as well as the
development of IKN and partner areas.
The Authority that was formed at IKN is not the first
Authority in Indonesia. Previously, the Authority was also
formed in Batam. There is a problem of disharmony between the
Batam City Government and the Batam Regional Development
Authority (BP Batam) (Delfind et al., 2018). This disharmony
problem comes from the dualism leadership (Dean, 2016) and

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finally, the disharmony can be reduced with the election of the

BP Batam chairman who was able to synergize with the Batam
City Government. This synergy was also accelerating the
economic improvement in Batam.
Therefore, it is interesting to conduct argument mapping
analysis to map the existing arguments from various
perspectives and backgrounds as material to enrich the
information that can be used to find a policy problem. In the
future, it will be known basically what the problem of IKN policy
that invites many pros and cons, starting from a meta-problem
that gave effect to many following problems. The results of this
mapping will later be used by policymakers in formulating public
policies with a broader and more comprehensive perspective in
the future, especially the upcoming policy related to the
Relocation of the Indonesian Capital City (IKN).
Data Crawling
The software used for crawling data is [Link] and the
next step is using Gephi to visualize the data. The data has been
crawled on July 18th, 2022, and the data were collected from
Twitter from July 12th until July 18th, 2022. Analysts used the
“IKN Policy” or “Kebijakan IKN” (in Bahasa). Because the topic
was in Indonesia, Analyst filtered the language as Bahasa
Indonesia. The topics that were included were News because of
the argument mapping provided by News Media.
Argument Mapping
The next step after crawling the argument from the media
is mapping the argument. Argument Mapping is one method that
can help to structure arguments that come out as a result of the
ability of human thinking. The ability to think critically is closely
related to the ability to compose quality arguments. Argument
mapping is a mapping of structural explanations that are
inferred from an argument (Davies, 2011). According to Ostwald
(Ostwald, 2007), the argument map illustrates a logical structure
in the form of boxes and arrows, where statements or conclusions

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supported by reasons are contained in separate boxes (Agnah et

al., 2018). In line with the previous, argument maps can describe
the structure of arguments to improve the way of critical
thinking. The Mapping argument is usually in the form of a chart
but the one used in this analysis is presented in tabular form.
Then this table is also compiled to be able to characterize the logic
of the analyst in sorting the data and leaving information or
topics that are no longer relevant because they either do not
make sense or are not too important.
In a social phenomenon or social problem that occurs, the
argument mapping method can be used to accommodate
information, security, support, objections, and rebuttals from
sources that the researcher determines. Then, after getting the
information, Argument mapping is an analytical method to map
the elements of a policy argument that make sense and are
important in the opinion of analysts. The first step in the analysis
of argument mapping is to rank the elements as information,
security, support, objection, and rebuttal on the scale of plausibi-
lity and importance. The various arguments received are then
assessed by stakeholders through nine points of plausibility and
importance from 1 (lowest) to 9 (highest).
Results and Discussion
The Visualization of Data
Data Visualization is divided into two visualizations, such
as the use of DRL Layout and LGL Layout.
Figure 1. The DRL Layout Visualization

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Figure 2. The LGL Layout Visualization

This visualization from [Link] shows us a nod

(relation) of each actor. In the communication network, some
actors are considered to be the main actors who have the highest
popularity in spreading news. These actors play an important
role in creating network groups that are in the relationship for
disseminating information about the Indonesian Capital City
Relocation Policy. It can be seen in Figure 1 that there is a high
response from influential actors, while Figure 2 shows that not
all actor shows the same response. This indicates that there are
differences in the influence of each actor.
Table of Arguments
In Table 1, various arguments that arise relating to the IKN
Relocate Policy are mapped in online media, online petitions, and
social media. This argument will be divided into two categories,
which are the pros and cons to support or refute each other. This
table lists the argument or person in the subject (the person who
issues arguments), the contents of arguments (what the person
said), the categories of arguments (whether the arguments are
pro or contra), and the logic of the analyst in examining the
arguments (the way of thinking).

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Table 1. The Mapping of Argument With Actors and

Analyst’s Logic

The Argument Processing

Arg
Actors or
ume
Person in Analyst’s
Argument nt
Subject Logics
Cate
gory
On 12/02/22
The relocation of IKN is
based on a single
centralization of the
economy on the island
of Java, the burden
carried by Java is so
heavy that it is called
Java-centric. Jakarta—
One of the most
as the capital city, has
common
also carried multiple
Andrinof arguments to
burdens, namely as the
Chaniago support the
center of government,
(Ex- PRO relocation of IKN
the business center, the
Minister of -by emphasizing
financial center, the
Ministry of the burden of
trade center, and the
National Jakarta as the
service center. By
Developme current capital.
analogy with
nt
Investment Theory, he
Planning of
explained that it would
the
be difficult to achieve
Republic of
equity if the structural
Indonesia/
condition only had one
PPN)
dominant magnet (one
center)(Nababan,
2022).
The spread of the Besides the
population from Java argument is still
only succeeded in the not strong
western part of enough, the issue
PRO
Indonesia (Sumatra), of demographics
but the eastern region and the spread of
such as Kalimantan, the population in
Sulawesi, and Papua other islands

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still have not succeeded besides

yet. Kalimantan will
still have the
potential to cause
problems.
The development
budget for the capital
city (IKN) does not
burden the National
Answering the
Budget. The
problem of how to
government would
PRO allocate the
adapt the business
budget to build
model and financial
Suharto the IKN
model that would not
Monoarfa
harm the national
(Minister
budget in the IKN
of Ministry
development scheme.
of PPN)
The government will not
use long-term debt in Answering the
IKN development. With debt and political
the ratification of the issues, following
PRO
IKN Law, IKN reaction towards
development will the previous
continue even after the argument.
president has changed.
For the reasons of
equity, the government
can use transmigration
and centralization
Jill policies. It is the actual
Mardani policy that should be Responds to the
(Initiator corrected, not inventing most common
of the a sudden new policy argument and
judicial such as the relocation of CON opens up further
review IKN. The capital city TRA questions about
committee has two meanings, the state
of the which are urban space institutional
capital city and the role of the administration.
regulation) central government:
which both have
completely different
meanings. The initial
problem that affected

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this inequality was the

function of the central
government's role so
what needed
improvement was the
government, instead of
the urban space.
The relocation of IKN
should be based on
mutual agreement.
Using the analogy of
family members who
ask for the agreement of Opening the
other family members in argument about
major decisions. communication
Socialization of the IKN CON and the
Bill in East Kalimantan TRA socialization of
was minimal and only the legal basis
carried out in private at and future use of
one of the largest IKN.
campuses in East
Kalimantan. There is a
suspicion that IKN only
benefits political
interests.
On 21/01/22
The relocation of IKN
Yohana
will threaten the living
Tiko (The
space of the community
East
and endangered Bringing
Kalimanta
animals in PPU, Kutai arguments about
n
Kartanegara, and potentially
Environme
Balikpapan. In addition, marginalized
ntal Forum
IKN has the potential to CON indigenous
/ Joint
displace the lands of TRA peoples who live
Coalition of
indigenous peoples (the in the
East
Balik and Paser tribes) surrounding area
Kalimanta
as well as of the future
n
transmigrants. IKN IKN.
Environme
must be rejected
ntal
because it does not have
Activists)
a feasibility study basis
covering aspects of the

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benefit, safety, and

sovereignty of the local
community.
The relocation of IKN
should be based on
mutual agreement.
Using the analogy of
family members who
ask for the agreement of Opening the
other family members in argument about
major decisions. communication
Socialization of the IKN CON and the
Bill in East Kalimantan TRA socialization of
was minimal and only the legal basis
carried out in private at and future use of
one of the largest IKN.
campuses in East
Kalimantan. There is a
suspicion that IKN only
benefits political
interests.
Prof. Indeed, the economic
Zulfikar reasons that are
Amin centered on Java cannot
Logically
(Associate be used as a strong
answered the
Professor reason to move IKN.
previous
NTU However, if we succeed
PRO objection but still
Singapore) in building a new IKN,
not answered the
the business zone or the
institutional
private sector will also
problem.
be interested in moving
the industry to
Kalimantan.
On 24/01/22
The national debt in
2017 reached IDR
Supports the
Kwik 3,600T then in 2019 was
previous counter-
Kian Gie at IDR 4,756T while the CON
arguments and
(Economist debt was paid through TRA
adds rigor on the
) the national budget,
part of poverty.
90% of which came from
the people. This huge
debt is the result of the

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president's ambition for

infrastructure.
Calculation of costs and
benefits is not well
thought out and is only
based on mere imaging.
Therefore, it is wiser if
the government fixes
the problem of debt and
poverty first. It is very
unfortunate if the
relocation of IKN is only
based on imagery and
politics without
empathy for the people
who are increasingly
less prosperous (Duryat,
2022).
On 19/01/22
This argument is
Marwan IKN is something new
somewhat
Cik Asan that has no impact. It is
irrelevant as it is
(Commissi only a development that
supported by
on XI DPR cannot improve the CON
adequate data or
RI economic capacity of TRA
study, which
Democratic business actors from the
might be pure
Party financial sector in
individual
Fraction) running their business
reasoning.
(Saputra, 2022).
The IKN Law is a
consensus of all parties
who have stated their Refuting the
Ahmad
commitment to the previous
Doli
implementation of the argument and at
Kurnia
relocation of the capital the same time
(Chairman
city from DKI Jakarta to underlining the
of the PRO
Kalimantan. The legal role of the
Working
basis of the IKN Law parliament in the
Committee
guarantees the process of IKN
on the IKN
sustainability of IKN building and
Bill)
development. The DPR development.
continues to work hard
to ensure that this law

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can fulfill formal and

material requirements.
On 21/01/22
The coalition's concern
that the relocation of
IKN is damaging to the
Challenge the
territory of indigenous
H. Andriy argument about
peoples or the
Syachrum IKN relocation
environment is just an
(Chairman may bring
exaggerated mistake PRO
of the damage to the
and shows a pessimistic
Bermuda indigenous
attitude. The East
Council) peoples and the
Kalimantan Provincial
environment
Government has also
ensured that IKN
development uses state
land.
Why should the location
Strengthen the
be in Kalimantan,
argument that
because Kalimantan is
the relocation of
Environm the lungs of the world?
CON IKN may bring
ental Development in
TRA problems to local
Activist Kalimantan will risk
indigenous
destroying the world's
peoples and the
forests and be harmful
environment.
to the environment.
On 24/01/22
The relocation of the
capital city should be
done when the country's Opening the
Masduki economic conditions are arguments about
Duryat stable and well the momentum of
(Postgradu established. When the relocation of IKN,
ate productivity of a which should be
CON
Lectures at resource-based industry done in a time
TRA
IAIN or tradable good sector when Indonesia
Syekh is growing well. It is in stable, firm
Nurjati sounds very good if the condition,
Cirebon) current government especially in
focuses on unpredictable economy.
global economic
conditions by
encouraging the

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productivity of
aggregate supply. Such
as early
industrialization,
employment, the quality
of human resources,
utilization of
infrastructure, and
others (Duryat, 2022).
This IKN project opens
the assumption that it is Starting the
just running an argument with a
infrastructure project. political rationale
And the relocation, and pinpointing
which seemed rushed, CON an infrastructure
was also motivated by TRA project with
political interests. What added emphasis
if in the future it just on the possibility
stalls and the costs that of failure for the
have been spent will be project.
in vain.
With the development of
the capital city and
Anonymou central government in
s East Kalimantan, it is
Individual expected that the GDP
will be 0.1 of the GDP
realization due to
Corresponds to
utilizing potential
the argument
resources that have not
about poverty,
been utilized. And will
but does not
reduce social inequality PRO
answer the
from the economic
argument about
aspect that occurs in
the political
individuals and groups,
rationale.
by seeing an increase in
capital prices by 0.23%
and a rate of increase in
capital prices by 1.37%
as well as encouraging
investment, especially
in the service sector.

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The formulation of the

IKN Relocating Policy is
not carried out through
continuous planning,
Opening
because of the 28 IKN
arguments about
documents, only 7 can
the operational,
be accessed by the
CON preparation,
public. Moreover, the
TRA readiness, and
discussion of the IKN
transparency of
Bill into the IKN Law
the UK’s legal
only took 42 days. There
basis.
is very little
communication and
socialization of the IKN
relocation policy.

Figure 3. The Argument Quadrant

Based on the various arguments presented in table 1, it is

found that there are many reasons behind the pros and cons of
the IKN relocation policy. The IKN Relocation Policy is strategic

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so it is interesting and its impact will be felt. Analysts conclude

that some arguments have not been fair notice and some can be
found. This problem stems from 3 main problems, which are
Governance which causes IKN Relocation; Environmental
Issues; and the Momentum matters.
Result Founds
Based on the results of problems distribution, there are
three problems in different quadrants. Environmental Problems
are in Quadrant IV with a score of 4:4 (Low Plausibility and Low
Importance). The environment is in Quadrant IV because
essentially wherever IKN is located, the development will be the
same. Kalimantan is also the safest location for IKN because
Kalimantan is outside of the Ring of Fire area and there are no
active volcanoes. Environmental problems and damage that may
be caused by the relocation of IKN are very unlikely given the
very large area of Kalimantan and can still be given a large area
for conservation and maintenance of animals.
Then, the issue of Governance is in Quadrant II. Governance
issues are very important and make a lot of sense to be the
primary problem in the case of the relocation of the State Capital,
this governance includes public communication and socializa-
tion, technical and substantive IKN laws, as well as the
establishment of authority bodies and government institutions,
urban spatial planning, etc. Because the substance is very much
and directly related to the performance of the government, this
issue becomes a very important issue and makes a lot of sense
with a score of 9:8 (High Plausibility and High Importance).
Meanwhile, the last problem or the Problem of Momentum
is also one of the concerns that deserve a fairly high score of 3:6.5
(Low Importance but High Plausibility). Time is the key to the
accuracy of decision-making, different times have different
results. Good policy also requires good planning including when
the policy can be decided. However, the issue of time for now is
not that important anymore because the law has been legalized
and the public already knows the situation. So the problem of

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time that goes into Quadrant I is not too important but makes
sense.
Based on the problem structuring that has been done
previously, the main problem that causes the pros and cons of the
National Capital Relocation Policy is Governance. The
government's efforts in such a way are still not enough to provide
positive guarantees to the community for the construction of the
new Capital City (IKN). Starting from the implementation of
communication and public outreach which is still very least, the
drafting and ratification of laws that are so sudden, and the
formation of an authoritative body that has not yet embraced the
local community have provoked many pros and cons of the IKN
Relocation Policy.
1. Policy Option
The ratification of the IKN Law on January 18, 2022, means
that the relocation of IKN is coming very soon to be implemented.
So, it is not possible for the law to be repealed because the
Constitutional Court has not filed any lawsuit against the law.
Therefore, several things that can be offered as an alternative to
solving the meta-problem the Researcher can suggest include:
a) Responding to The Institutional Problems (Governance)
One of the government policies that get a lot of cons from the
public is the existence of the Authority which comes along with
the regulation of IKN itself. Authority is the management of the
area while Indonesia needs a system of government. In the
authority structure, indigenous people or local community from
the North Penajam Paser (PPU) area are needed, especially for
who have competence. In bahasa Indonesia, we have an amazing
local wisdom that said, 'where the earth is stepped on, there the
sky is upheld' (in bahasa Indonesia: di mana bumi dipijak disitu
langit dijunjung) because the local community know more about
their land than anyone else. The presence of local communities
in the authority structure body will help accelerate the
development of IKN.

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b) Responding to Communication and Socialization

Problems
The Government needs to maximize information disclosure
and deeper relations with the public, especially with indigenous
peoples. The voice of indigenous peoples is very crucial for the
relocation of IKN. Indigenous peoples also welcome the IKN
policy, but if the policy communication is not carried out properly,
negative perceptions will emerge significantly. The community
has the right to actively participate in the IKN development
process.
c) Responding to Economic and Budget Problems
Initially, IKN development was also outlined on economic
goals, which is equity. However, do not let the development of
IKN override the local community's economy. To create
economical equity, education is also needed that is also equitable
and comprehensive. Because the process of relocating human
resources to IKN land is still long, recent time can be used to
increase the capacity and capability of the local community so
that when the time of relocation comes, human resources from
Jakarta and local human resources at Nusantara can have their
respective abilities and share expertise to achieve the IKN goals
(Mutaqin et al., 2021)
d) Responding to Environmental Problems
Water, which is the center of life, was well thought out by the
construction of the Sepaku Semoi Dam. The Sepaku Semoi Dam
has the benefit of reducing flooding by 55.26% and providing raw
water of 2,500 liters per second. Of this amount, 2000 liters per
second will be channeled to KIPP and 500 liters per second to
Balikpapan ([Link], 2022). With this dam, the potential for
flooding and drought will be reduced. In the rainy season, when
the water discharge is very high, this dam will hold water so that
it is not excessive to the resident's settlements and vice versa--in
the dry season this dam becomes an alternative water resource
that can be used by residents.

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The Sepaku Semoi Dam is also used to provide clean water

which is equivalent to drinking and cooking. This plan was
carefully thought through with the construction of an
infrastructure called SPAM or Drinking Water Supply System.
SPAM development takes into account surface water sources and
the availability of drinking water. Not only used from the
manifest functional side but the Sepaku Semoi Dam can also be
used from the creative economy side, such as the development of
an environmentally friendly tourism sector. Dams have added
value, besides maintaining the environmental balance, they can
also be a source of livelihood for residents (Hasibuan, 2019).
2. Comparing of The Policy Option
In performing alternative comparisons, the analyst uses the
matrix described in the Result section. Because the results of the
matrix show that a very important and very reasonable quadrant
of the IKN relocation policy is Institutional Problem/Governance.
Therefore, it is important to intensify communication to the
public and provide assurance that IKN development is indeed a
solid project.
The various policy alternatives that have been described
previously have advantages and disadvantages depending on
how they will be applied and the right time to apply. The current
situation is full of economic turbulence, for example, because
there has been a ban on palm oil exports for a long time. The IKN
policy will sound very glamorous and grandiose to do. People
think that the government should immediately issue a strategic
policy to overcome the problem of palm oil whose price is very
volatile in Indonesia (economic turbulence).
However, when encountering other phenomena, for example
when talking about an environmental perspective, the policy of
building energy-efficient skyscrapers is urgently needed
considering the number of buildings that will be built in the
North Penajam Paser (PPU) area as the new capital city.
3. Policy Recommendations

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Based on the results of the matrix that has been described

earlier and the comparison of alternatives that have been
studied, the analyst recommends a policy that the Government
needs to take real action as a guarantee that this policy has a
perspective on the community and strengthens the interests of
the people. As already written in Article 28F of the 1945
Constitution; also stated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia
Number 14 of 2008 concerning Public Information disclosure
mentioned that getting communicated and participating actively
is a citizen's right (MKN, 1945). Zainal Arifin (Ramadhan, 2022)
once said 'Public participation must be meaningful, not only
listening to opinions but also being considered and included in
the basic part of the law'. In addition, there is also a guarantee
that this project will not be stalled and become a forum for profit-
taking for several parties.
Policymakers can collaborate more deeply with local
communities and continue to educate and improve the skills of
indigenous peoples so that support for the relocation of IKN will
continue to flow. Since the law has been passed, there is no
turning back. The only way is to advance with tactics and
strategy to finish what has been started.
Conclusion
This research concludes that the various efforts that have
been made by the government are still not enough to convince the
public about the development of the new national capital. Apart
from that, there are also differences between each actor which
then invites many pros and cons in the media, one of which is
institutional or governance issues. This governance problem is
the main problem in the process of moving the country's capital,
because it includes public communications, IKN laws, city spatial
planning, the formation of authority bodies and government
institutions, etc.
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