ART 002
LESSON 12
Forms and Methods of Sculpture
At the end of the lesson you should be able to:
1. Describe the forms of sculpture.
2. 2. Differentiate the mediums used in sculpture.
SCULPTURE
Sculpture is an artistic form in which hard or plastic
materials are worked into three dimensional art
objects.
SCULPTURE
An enormous variety of media may be
used, including clay, wax, stone, metal,
fabric, glass, wood, plaster, rubber,
and random “found” objects
Sculpting dates back to ancient civilizations. In ancient
Egypt, the Great Sphinx was carved from limestone.
Sculpting was also important to the ancient Greek and
Roman civilizations. Since ancient times, sculpting has
persisted as one of the most popular art forms around the
world to represent beauty, emotion, and form.
Types of sculptures
1. Relief
1.1 Low relief or bas-
relief
1.2 High relief
2. Free-standing
RELIEF
In the lowest
reliefs the relative
depth of the elements
shown is completely
Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted distorted, and if
seen from the side
elements remain attached to a solid background of the
the image makes no
same material. sense, but from the
front the small
variations in depth
register as a three-
dimensional image.
The parts of the
subject in the high
2 TYPES OF RELIEF
relief that are seen
LOW RELIEF or BAS-RELIEF are normally depicted
at their full depth,
HIGH RELIEF
unlike low relief
where the elements
seen are "squashed"
flatter.
2. FREE-STANDING
– NOT ATTACHED (EXCEPT POSSIBLY AT THE BASE) TO ANY
OTHER SURFACE
4 BASIC SCULPTURE TECHNIQUES
Carving involves cutting or chipping away
1 a shape from a mass of stone, wood, or
other hard material. Carving is a
subtractive process whereby material is 1 2
systematically eliminated from the outside
in.
Sculptures that are cast are made from a
2 material that is melted down—usually a
metal—that is then poured into a mold.
The mold is allowed to cool, thereby CARVING CASTING
hardening the metal, usually bronze.
Casting is an additive process.
Modeled sculptures are created when a
3 soft or malleable material (such as clay) is 4
3
built up (sometimes over an armature) and
shaped to create a form. Modeling is an
additive process.
In the process of assembly, the sculptor needs
4 to collect a lot of information and add
different materials to create an assembled
sculpture. Sculptors gather and join different MODELING ASSEMBLING
materials to create an assembled sculpture.
Assembling is an additive process.
SOAP CARVING
SOAP CARVING TIPS
01 Choose your soap wisely.
02 Set up a designated workspace.
03 Take measures to keep the soap workable.
Traditional soap carving is taking bars of soap and
sculpting them into intricate shapes or models of 04 Encourage students to work slowly and be
conservative as they carve.
animals or flowers. ASMR videos show cutting soaps
in various methods, generally, but traditional soap
carving is more about lightly scraping your soap to 05 Save some shavings.
get intricate details. You will use various knives
of choice and other sculpting tools to achieve
these details in soap carving.
06 Keep warm water on-hand.
ART 002
Thank you
