IOT FOR SOLAR POWER TEMPERATURE

MONITORING SYSTEM
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

Submitted by
NAME REGISTER NUMBER

DINESH VISHNU M 710322106002

JEBA KUMAR S 710322106005

Guided by

Trainer Name : [Link] ANTO

SPOC Name : [Link]

Incharge Name : [Link]

 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified that this project report on “IOT BASED ELECTRONICAL
VEHICLE FOR AUTOMATIC PARKING SYSTEM” is the bonafide
record of work done by DINESH VISHNU.M(710322106002), JEBA
KUMAR.S(710322106005) from the Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering by Anna University, Chennai.

Internal Guide Head of the Department

Internal Examiner External Examiner

TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1. ABSTRACT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT

4. PROPOSED SYSTEM

5. COMPONENTS REQUIRED

6. BLOCK DIAGRAM

7. PIN DIAGRAM

8. WORKING

9. CODES

10. CONCLUSION
 1. ABSRACT

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in renewable energy systems,

particularly solar power, has the potential to significantly enhance efficiency and

performance monitoring. This paper presents an IoT-based solar power temperature

monitoring system designed to optimize the operational effectiveness of solar panels. By

utilizing temperature sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication modules, the

system continuously collects and transmits real-time temperature data of solar panels to a

cloud-based platform. This enables remote monitoring and analysis, facilitating timely

maintenance and performance optimization. The system's architecture includes data

acquisition, processing, and visualization components that allow users to access critical

metrics via a user-friendly interface. Initial tests indicate that temperature fluctuations

directly impact solar panel efficiency, and the ability to monitor these changes remotely

can lead to improved energy output and longevity of solar systems. This research

underscores the importance of IoT in enhancing renewable energy technologies and

promoting sustainable practices in solar energy management.

2. INTRODUCTION

The increasing demand for renewable energy sources has propelled solar power
to the forefront of sustainable energy solutions. As solar energy systems become
more prevalent, the need for efficient monitoring and management of their
performance has grown significantly. Temperature plays a critical role in the
efficiency of solar panels; elevated temperatures can reduce their energy output and
shorten their lifespan. Consequently, real-time monitoring of solar panel
temperature is essential for optimizing performance and ensuring reliability.

The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized how we interact
with technology, enabling the seamless integration of smart devices and data
analytics into various sectors. In the context of solar energy, IoT can enhance
operational efficiency by providing remote monitoring capabilities, which allow
users to track system performance from anywhere at any time. By implementing
IoT-based solutions, solar power systems can achieve greater efficiency,
predictive maintenance, and timely responses to performance issues.

This paper presents an IoT-based temperature monitoring system specifically

designed for solar power applications. The system employs a network of
temperature sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication technologies
to collect and transmit real-time temperature data to a cloud-based platform.
This allows for comprehensive analysis and visualization of performance
metrics, thereby enabling users to make informed decisions regarding their solar
energy systems.
 Through this introduction of IoT technology, we aim to demonstrate how
enhanced monitoring can lead to improved efficiency and reliability of solar
energy systems, ultimately contributing to the broader goals of sustainability and
energy conservation.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT:

As the adoption of solar energy systems continues to grow, the effective

management of these systems becomes increasingly critical. One of the primary
challenges faced by solar power operators is the impact of temperature on solar
panel performance. High temperatures can lead to significant decreases in energy
output and can accelerate the degradation of solar panel materials. However,
traditional monitoring methods are often limited to periodic manual checks, which
may not provide timely or accurate data on the real-time performance of solar
panels.

3.1This lack of real-time monitoring poses several problems:

1. Reduced Efficiency: Without continuous temperature monitoring, operators

cannot detect and respond promptly to temperature fluctuations that affect

energy production, resulting in suboptimal system performance.

2. Increased Maintenance Costs: Delayed identification of temperature-related

issues can lead to greater wear and tear on solar panels, resulting in higher

maintenance costs and shorter operational lifespans.

3. Limited Data Analysis: Conventional monitoring methods often fail to leverage

data analytics, which could provide valuable insights into performance trends

and operational efficiency.

4. Accessibility Challenges:

In remote or large-scale solar installations, manually checking temperatures can

be labor-intensive and impractical, hindering effective system management.

To address these challenges, there is a need for an innovative solution that

utilizes IoT technology to provide real-time temperature monitoring of solar panels.

This system should facilitate continuous data collection, enable remote access to

performance metrics, and support predictive maintenance strategies. By

implementing such a solution, solar power operators can enhance system

efficiency, reduce operational costs, and contribute to the sustainability of

renewable energy practices.

5. PROPOSED SYSTEM:

Proposed System for IoT Solar-Powered Temperature Monitoring

Overview: The proposed system aims to monitor temperature and humidity in

remote or outdoor environments using solar power, ensuring sustainability and
continuous operation.

Components:

1. Solar Panel: Generates electricity to power the system.

2. Battery: Stores solar energy for use during low sunlight periods.

3. Temperature and Humidity Sensor (DHT11): Measures ambient conditions.

4. Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino): Processes sensor data and manages

communication.

5. Communication Module (e.g., LoRa or Wi-Fi): Transmits data to a cloud server.

6. Voltage Regulator: Ensures stable power supply to components.

Functionality:

 The solar panel continuously charges the battery.

 The DHT11 sensor periodically measures temperature and humidity.

 The microcontroller processes this data and sends it via the communication
module to a cloud platform.

 Users can access the data through a web dashboard or mobile app for real-
time monitoring.

Benefits:

Sustainability: Utilizes renewable energy for operation.

Remote Monitoring: Enables data access from anywhere.

Low Maintenance: Minimal intervention required due to autonomous operation.

This system provides a reliable and efficient solution for environmental monitoring
in various applications, such as agriculture, weather stations, and smart cities.

\
 6. COMPONENTS REQUIRED

6.1 HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Hardware Components Required for IoT-Based Solar Power

Temperature Monitoring System

1. Solar Panel:

Provides renewable energy for the system.

2. Battery: Stores energy from the solar panel for continuous operation.

The battery in a solar-powered IoT temperature monitoring system serves

to store energy from the solar panel, ensuring continuous operation during low
sunlight periods, stabilizing voltage for the components, and providing backup
power to maintain reliable data collection and transmission

[Link] Sensor: Measures temperature

DHT11:
 The DHT11 sensor in a solar-powered IoT temperature monitoring
system measures ambient temperature and humidity, providing essential
environmental data for monitoring. Its low power consumption makes it
suitable for solar applications, and it communicates this data to the
microcontroller for processing and analysis.

2. Arduino:

The Arduino in a solar-powered IoT temperature monitoring system

serves as the central microcontroller, processing data from the DHT11
sensor, managing communication with other components, and
transmitting temperature and humidity information to the cloud or a
server. Its programmability allows for customized data handling and
control of the system's operation.

3. Communication Module:

LoRa:
 LoRa (Long Range) in a solar-powered IoT temperature monitoring
system enables long-distance, low-power wireless communication. It
allows the system to transmit temperature and humidity data to a remote
server or gateway, making it ideal for applications in remote areas where
conventional networks are unavailable. LoRa's low power consumption
also extends battery life, supporting sustainable operation.

4. Voltage Regulator:

The voltage regulator in a solar-powered IoT temperature monitoring

system ensures a stable and consistent voltage supply to the components,
protecting them from fluctuations and preventing damage. It helps
maintain optimal performance of the microcontroller and sensors,
ensuring reliable operation of the entire system.
 5.2. S0FTWARE COMPONENT

Here’s a list of software commonly used for IoT solar-powered

temperature monitoring systems:

1. Arduino IDE:

For programming the Arduino or microcontroller to read sensor data

and manage communication.

2. PlatformIO: An alternative to Arduino IDE, providing advanced features for

embedded development.

3. Node-RED: A visual programming tool for wiring together hardware

devices, APIs, and online services.

4. ThingsBoard: An open-source IoT platform for data visualization, device

management, and analytics.

5. Grafana: For creating dashboards to visualize temperature and humidity data

over time.

6. MQTT Broker (e.g., Mosquitto): For lightweight messaging between devices

and servers.

7. Cloud Services (e.g., AWS IoT, Google Cloud IoT): For data storage,
processing, and analytics.

8. Mobile App Development Frameworks (e.g., Flutter, React Native): For

building user interfaces to monitor data on mobile devices.
 [Link] DIAGRAM

7. PIN DIAGRAM:
8. WORKING:

7.1 Working of IoT-Based Solar Power Temperature Monitoring System

In a solar-powered IoT temperature monitoring system, the process
works as follows:

1. Energy Generation: A solar panel captures sunlight and converts it

into electrical energy, which is stored in a battery.

2. Temperature Sensing: The DHT11 sensor measures ambient

temperature and humidity, providing real-time data.

3. Data Processing: The Arduino or microcontroller reads the data from

the DHT11, processes it, and prepares it for transmission.

4. Data Transmission: The system uses a communication module, such as

LoRa or Wi-Fi, to send the temperature and humidity data to a
remote server or cloud platform.

5. Data Visualization: The transmitted data is visualized using

dashboards or mobile applications, allowing users to monitor
conditions remotely.

This setup enables efficient, remote monitoring of temperature and

humidity using renewable energy.
 [Link] FOR FOR IOT FOR SOLAR POWER
TEMPERATURE MONITERING SYSTEM
#include <OneWire.h>
#include <Dallas Temperature.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <WiFiClient.h>

// Replace with your network credentials

const char* ssid = "YOUR_SSID";
const char* password = "YOUR_PASSWORD";

// ThingSpeak settings
const char* server = "[Link]";
const char* apiKey = "YOUR_API_KEY";

#define ONE_WIRE_BUS 2 // Pin where the DS18B20 is

connected
OneWire oneWire(ONE_WIRE_BUS);
DallasTemperature sensors(&oneWire);

void setup() {
[Link](115200);
[Link](ssid, password);
 [Link]();

// Wait for connection

while ([Link]() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(1000);
[Link]("Connecting to WiFi...");
}
[Link]("Connected to WiFi!");
}

void loop() {
// Request temperature readings
[Link]();
float temperature = [Link](0); // Get
temperature in Celsius

// Print temperature to Serial Monitor

[Link]("Temperature: ");
[Link](temperature);

// Send data to ThingSpeak

if ([Link]() == WL_CONNECTED) {
WiFiClient client;
 if ([Link](server, 80)) {
String url = String("/update?api_key=") + apiKey +
"&field1=" + temperature;
[Link](String("GET ") + url + " HTTP/1.1\r\n" +
"Host: " + server + "\r\n" +
"Connection: close\r\n\r\n");
[Link]("Data sent to ThingSpeak");
}
[Link]();
} else {
[Link]("WiFi not connected");
}

// Wait for 60 seconds before the next reading

delay(60000);
}
[Link]

The IoT-based solar power temperature monitoring system represents a significant

advancement in the management and optimization of solar energy systems. By
leveraging real-time data acquisition, processing, and cloud-based analytics, this
system enhances the ability to monitor temperature fluctuations that directly impact
solar panel efficiency and lifespan.

Through the integration of temperature sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless

communication technologies, users gain the ability to access vital performance
metrics from anywhere, facilitating timely maintenance and informed decision-
making. The implementation of alert systems further ensures that potential issues
are addressed proactively, reducing downtime and enhancing operational
efficiency.

Overall, this system not only contributes to the improved performance and
longevity of solar power installations but also aligns with broader sustainability
goals by promoting efficient energy use. As the demand for renewable energy
sources continues to rise, such innovative solutions will play a crucial role in
optimizing solar energy management and driving the transition toward a more
sustainable future. The potential for further enhancements, such as advanced
analytics and integration with smart grids, opens exciting avenues for future
research and development in this field.
1. ABSTRACT:-
This project focuses on the development of an IoT-based electric vehicle
(EV) equipped with an automatic parking system. The system aims to assist
drivers in parking their EVs autonomously in tight or complex parking
spaces, utilizing IoT sensors, microcontrollers, and wireless communication
for remote monitoring and control. The system ensures precision parking,
improves space utilization, and reduces the time spent finding parking
spots, contributing to smarter urban infrastructure.

2. INTRODUCTION:-
In urban areas, parking has become a major challenge due to increasing
vehicle density and limited space. Electric vehicles (EVs) are a significant
advancement towards reducing environmental pollution, but efficient
parking solutions are still needed to support them. The integration of IoT
technology with EVs for automatic parking is a promising solution to
address these challenges. This system leverages sensors, microcontrollers,
and communication networks to enable EVs to park autonomously in
designated spaces, providing convenience to users and optimizing parking
management.

3. PROBLEM STATEMENT:-
Parking in congested areas often leads to frustration, wasted time, and
vehicle damage due to tight parking spaces and human error. The objective
of this project is to design an IoT-based automatic parking system that
enables an EV to autonomously detect parking spaces and navigate into
them with minimal or no driver input. The system should improve space
utilization, enhance safety, and reduce parking-related accidents and
delays.
[Link] SYSTEM:-
The proposed system integrates IoT sensors and microcontrollers with
electric vehicles to achieve autonomous parking. The EV is equipped with
ultrasonic or proximity sensors for obstacle detection, cameras for space
identification, and an embedded microcontroller to process data and
control the vehicle's movement. The system communicates wirelessly with a
cloud platform for remote monitoring and control via a mobile app. The
vehicle detects available parking spaces, calculates the optimal path, and
executes precise maneuvers to park without human intervention.

### *Features of the Proposed System:*

- Real-time space detection using sensors and cameras

- Autonomous vehicle control for parking maneuvers

- Remote monitoring and control through IoT-enabled applications

- Efficient use of parking space with precise calculations

- Improved safety and reduction of parking-related accidents

5. COMPONENTS REQUIRED:-
To represent the *components required for an automatic parking system*
in a diagram, we can break down the system into its key elements and
connections. Here's a description of the components, followed by how they
should be arranged in the diagram:

### *Key Components:*

1. *Microcontroller (e.g., Arduino, ESP32, Raspberry Pi):*

- The central processing unit that manages the sensors and controls the

motors.
2. *Ultrasonic/Proximity Sensors:*

- Used for obstacle detection and distance measurement, providing input

for parking decisions

3. *Motor Drivers:*

- Interfaces between the microcontroller and the vehicle's motors,

controlling movement (forward/reverse) and steering.
4. *Servo Motors (for steering control):*

- Controls the steering angle of the vehicle.

5. *DC Motors (for driving control):*

- Provides power to the wheels for forward or reverse movement.

6. *Camera Module (optional):*

- Used for visual space detection and to guide the vehicle into parking
spots.
7. *IoT Module (e.g., ESP8266, GSM module):*

- For wireless communication, enabling remote monitoring and control

through a mobile application or cloud interface.

8. *Power Supply (Battery or external power source):*

- Powers the entire system, including the sensors, motors, and

microcontroller.

9. *Mobile App (IoT interface):*

 - Allows remote monitoring and control of the parking system via a
smartphone.

Diagram Layout:

1. *Microcontroller* (central block):

- Positioned at the center to control all components.

2. *Sensors* (connected to the microcontroller):

- Multiple ultrasonic or proximity sensors are connected around the

vehicle (front, rear, and sides) to detect obstacles and measure distances
3. *Motor Drivers*: - Connected between the microcontroller and the DC
motors/servo motors to control the vehicle's movement and steering

4. *Servo Motor* (for steering):

- Positioned at the front, connected to the steering mechanism to control

diection based on the microcontroller's input.
5. *DC Motors* (for forward/reverse):

- Placed at the wheels for driving the vehicle forward and backward.

6. *IoT Module* (connected to the microcontroller):

- Allows communication with the remote app via Wi-Fi or GSM for
remote monitoring/control.
7. *Power Supply*:

- Provides energy to all components through the microcontroller.

8. *Camera Module* (optional):

- Positioned near the sensors to detect the parking space visually.

To make this into a diagram, you would create a *block diagram* that
visually represents how these components are interconnected. Here's a
description of how the layout can look:

1. At the center, place the *Microcontroller* block.

2. Connect multiple *Ultrasonic/Proximity Sensors* around the

microcontroller, indicating input from front, rear, and side sensors.
3. From the microcontroller, draw connections to the *Motor Driver*.

4. From the Motor Driver, draw outputs to *Servo Motors* for steering
control and *DC Motors* for wheel movement.

5. Connect the *IoT Module* to the microcontroller for wireless

communication.

6. Include the *Power Supply* that powers the entire system.

7. Optionally, place a *Camera Module* connected to the microcontroller

for space detection.

[Link] DIAGRAM:-
[Link] DIAGRAM

[Link]
WORKING FOR ELECTRONICAL VEHICAL FOR
AUTOMATIC PARKING SYSTEM
The system begins by scanning the environment for available parking
spaces using ultrasonic sensors and a camera. The microcontroller
processes the sensor data to determine the optimal path for parking.
Based on the input, motor drivers and servo motors control the
vehicle's movement and steering. The IoT module enables
communication with a remote server, allowing the user to monitor
the parking process and control the system via a mobile application if
necessary. Once the space is detected, the EV maneuvers itself into
the spot autonomously, ensuring precision and safety.

Steps in the Process:

1. Sensors detect the surroundings and search for available parking
spaces.
2. The microcontroller processes the data and calculates the parking
trajectory.
3. The EV's motors are controlled based on this information to steer,
accelerate, or brake.
4. The parking process is completed automatically, with remote
monitoring available through the IoT platform.
5. Feedback is sent to the user via the mobile app once the vehicle is
parked.

[Link]
9.1 CODE FOR ELECTRONICAL VEHICLE FOR
AUTOMATIC PARKING SYSTEM USING IOT

Here is a sample code snippet for the automatic parking system using
an Arduino microcontroller and ultrasonic sensors:

```cpp
// Example code for automatic parking system

#include <Servo.h>

Servo steeringServo; // Servo for steering control

int trigPin = 9; // Ultrasonic sensor trig pin
int echoPin = 10; // Ultrasonic sensor echo pin
int motorPin = 3; // Pin for controlling motor

void setup() {
[Link](9600);
[Link](11); // Attach steering servo to pin 11
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
pinMode(motorPin, OUTPUT);
}
void loop() {
long duration, distance;
// Send out a pulse
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds

[Link]
The advent of automatic parking systems represents a significant
leap forward in automotive technology, revolutionizing the way we
park our vehicles. By leveraging advanced sensors, cameras, and
software, these systems enhance safety, convenience, and efficiency in
parking maneuvers.