PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registratign number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer 1, What is a standard solution 2. The colour of methyl orange in alkaline SOlUtION iS... 3. 25cm? of 0.1 mole/ dm? sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) solution was titrated against 23.45cm? of tetraoxosulphate (vi) solution a) Calculate the concentration of the acid JO HNBROMNb) What suitable indicator can be used for this titration Explain why a conical flask is not to be rinsed with the solution to be pipetted | into it | >. The name of the confirmatory test for nitrate radical is " soLuTION: 4. A standard solution is one of which the concentration and the number of moles per litres are known. a The colour of methyl orange in alkaline solution is YELLOW ? m/ Vl\eeagy Our aa3. Using Ca Va _CbVb nN, a, Ca=concentration of acid, Va = volume of acid; na= mole of acid; C, = concentration of base Vp = volume of base; n, = mole of base Then write a balance equation of the reaction to determine the mole ratio Na,CO3 + H2S0, Na2SO, +H,0 + CO C,= ?; Va = 23.45em?; Cy = 0.1mol/dm?; Vi= ° _ 25cm’; a ng= 1; np=1 substitute the values into the equation 3C,x23.45cm" _ [Link]/dm’x25em? ~~ Imol Imol _ 0. Imol / din xmol = = 0.106 ; ‘ 23.45cem'x|mol iil Yale (b). Since the solution is weak base and strong acid, the indicator used is methyl orange or methyl red 4. A conical flask is not to be rinsed with the solution to be pipette into it. to avoid increasing the volume of the content of the pipette. 5. The name Of the confirmatory test for nitrate radical (NO's) is brown ring test. ¢ 4PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer 1. How much Na2CO3 would you weigh to prepare M/20 solution in 100cm? volumetric flask 2: Name the procedure used in the identification of acid radicals 3. The flame test for copper when viewed through cobalt glass is ....4. The indicator used for strong acid and weak base is ....... 5. The colour of CdS is .......[Link]-- Solution: mole Molarity div’ of solution Mass mole molar mas mass 1000 molarity x — / ‘ole Onan molar mass volume\em \ 5 Molarity 0.05M 20 Molar mass of Na,CO3=106g/mol; Volume=100cm™=> mass = _ mass = 2) molarity x molar mass x volume 1000 0.05M x106g/mol x 100 =0.53 1000PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer 1, Name two reagent used to confirm NH," 2. The precipitating agent for group (Vv) radicals are ......... 3. Explain why the solution to be titrated with KMnO, must be sufficiently acidic 4. How much Na2C20. would a 500cm? M/15 Na2C,0, solution contain? NX What is an indicatorSolution 1. Reagents used to confirm NH*, are i. NaOH ii. Nessler’s reagent 2. The precipitating agent for group V radicals is ammonium Carbonate (NH4)2CO3 aM The solution to be titrated with KMnO. must be sufficiently acidic to prevent the formation of any precipitate of MnQ, (black) . mass 1000 4. Using Molarity = ———~—_X——— molar mass volumeHence, determine the mass of the Na2C,0, by making mass the subject of the equation mass Molarity x molar mass x volume 1000 ZA M 1 3 Molarity = al = rs =0.067M, V =500cm Molar mass of Na,C,O, =(23 x 2)+2x12+4 x16 =46+ 24 + 64=134g/mol 0.067 x 500 x 134 ay = 4.489 => mass 1000 Z 5. Indicator are organic substances which change colour as the pH changes. Indicators are phenolphthalein, methyl orange e.t.cPRACTICAL CHEMISTRY | PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space | provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer de Name six steps used in identification of metallic radicals 2. Name two reagents used in dry test analysis for identification of acid radicals 3. Explain why group (vi) radicals has no precipitating agent 4. 25cm? of solution A containing 4.90g of an acid H>X per dm’? of solution, neutralised 1124.30cm? of solution. B containing 3.90g of sodium hydroxide per dm’ of solution. (H=1.0, O=16.0, Na=23.0) Calculate i) The concentration of A ii) The molar mass of H2X 5: When 2M NH,Cl and 2M NH,OH was added to group 3 radicals until alkaline, the precipitates formed are (i) Name the colour of the precipitates formedSolution: 1. Steps for identification of metallic radicals are i. Colour of salts ii. Flame test iii, Test for ammonium radical (NH.’) iv. Preparation of solution of samples for group separation v. Group separation of metal ions vi. Analysis of precipitates for the metal ions present 132. The two reagents used in dry test analysis for identification of acid radicals are i. dilute HCI ii. Conc. H2SO4 3) Sona ties radicals has no precipitating agent because they are highly soluble 4. i.2NaQH + H)X > NaoX + NaoX + 2H,O0 1 ii. Molarity of B= a molar mass. dm?* Molarity = 228 —x 1. =0.0975mol/dm’ 40g/mol dm 0sing Stee Gl n, n,C,=?, V= 25cm?,n, = Imol, Cy = 0.0975, Vp = 24.30cm’, ny = 2mol C, x 25em* _ 0.0975mol /dm*x24.30cm’ [mol . 2mol C= 0.0975 x 24.3 Imol = 0.0474 mol /dm? 2m0l x25 . mass 1 Molarity of | B=————_x—-_~ molar mass dm mass 4.9g Molar = =——°- =103.4¢/ ofan mass molarity 0.0474 gimol 5. When 2M NH,Cl and 2M NH,OH was added to group 3 radicals until alkaline the precipitates formed are i. Al(OH); ii. Cr(OH)3 iii. Fe(OH); 15i. Al(OH); is white in colour ii. Cr(OH)3 is blue — green iii, iii. Fe(OH); is brownPRA TICAL UFIEIvo LNA PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer Ls 5.0g of impure anhydrous sodium trioxocarbonate (iv), NazCO3, were made up to 1dm? Of solution. 25cm’ of this solution neutralised 22.20cm* of 0.1mol/dm? of hydrogen chloride acid. Calculate (a) | The molar concentration of the sodium trioxocarbonate (iv) 17 —_ i a TT(b) The mass of the trioxocarbonate (iv) in -3 gdm (c) The percentage impurity in the trioxocarbonate (iv) (Na=23.0, C=12.0, O=16.0) 2. What is a molar solution 3. The indicator used for weak acid against strong base is....... 4. The flame test for Bismuth is....... 5. The colour for anhydrous cobalt salt iS... Solution: i. i. Molar mass of Na,CO3 = 106g/mol 1825cm? Equation of reaction: Na,CO; + 2HCI> 2NaCl+ CO, +H20 n,=2, M=1 , _ 0.1mol / dm? x22,20em? x\mol 25cm*x 2molx Concentration in g/ din = E dy r mass concentraton in mol / dix molar ; = 0.0444mol/ dm? x 106g / mol =4.7064g / mol iii: mass Of IMPUTE 1 Qq9 impurity = ————_, —__ * % Percentage impurity sample ~6-4.7064), 100% 0.2936 x 100% = 5.872% 2. _ molar solution of a substance is one : which contains the gram molecular weight (one mol) of the substance per dm? of solution 20phenolphthalein is an indicator used for weak acid against strong base Frame test for Bismuth is pale blue The colour of anhydrous cobalt salt is blue 21ee PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer 4 What is a molar solution 2. Explain why titration between KMnO, and NaC,0, do not require indicator 3. The frame test for Antimony is .......... 4. Name two reagent used [Link] k é # ge carbonate Pde OX } # e 22S. Addition of NH,OH, followed by 2M (NH«)2CO3 to group (i cations give a precipitate indicating (i) ........ (ii) wu... and (ili) est. aes Solution vy Please refer to previous pages 2 Titration between KMnO, and Na,C,0, do not require indicator because the solution of KMnO, is colour 3s The flame test for Antimony is pale blue 4. The reagents used to confirm the presence of carbonate are i. potassium dichromate ii. 2M hydrochloric acid 235; Addition of NH,OH, followed by 2M (NH,4)2CO3 to group (V) cations give a precipitate indicating the presence of i. CaCO3 (white) ii. BaCO; (white) iii.SrCO3 (white) 24PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer 1. Explain why sodium carbonate (NaCO3) preparation cannot be used to confirmed carbonate 2. The anion that cannot be analysed using dry testis ....... 3. If 2M NaOH and 20 volume H20, is added to a group (iii) precipitate, the filtrate 4 25_ after filtration CONTAIN ......+-.--+ and .. Compound. 4. How much ferrous ammonium sulphate hexahydrate (molar mass = 392) could make a 250cm? M/50 solution 5. Name 4 salt that are yellow in colour Solution: 1. Sodium carbonate extract preparation cannot be used to confirm the presence of carbonate because the extract contain some given amount of carbonate 2, The anion that cannot be analysed using dry test analysis is 50,7 and S03" 263. lf 2M NaOH and 20 volume H,0, is added to a group (iii) precipitate, the filtrate after filtration contain NaCrO, and NaAlO, Determine a given mass of ferrous ammonium sulphate that is required to prepare 250cm? of a solution; molarity x molar mass X volume 1000 2 ¢ 392 Zz _ 0.02M x 392 x 250 £1:968 1000 Mass = 5. Yellow salts are CdS, Sn, Pbl2 and AsS 27rICAL CHEMISTRY N AND ANSWERS h question in the space PRACI PAST QU ESTIO Instruction: Answer eacl department, | provided; write your name, registration number and your group in the space | provide; any cancellation void the answer Solution A is 0.10mol/dm” of hydrogen chloride acid. Solution B contains 6.60g anhydrous X,CO3 per dm’ of solution. Put A into a burette and titrate 25cm? or 20cm? portion of B with A. Ifthe average volume of A required to neutralise the stated volume of B is 31.10cm’. Use the information to answer Q, to Qs 1. Calculate the molar concentration of 8 702. Calculate the relative molar mass of X,CO3 3. Determine the atomic mass of element X 4. Calculate the volume of gas evolved during the reaction 5. What is the % of x in X,CO3 Solution: 1, 2HCI + x,CO; > 2XCl + H,O + CO;, mole ratio of acid to trioxocarbonate from the equation = 2 : 1; using the Cy F. formular —+ = B Vy =I 5 0.10 mol / din Sy 31.10cm* C,x 25cm" _O.1 x 31.10 2 1 = 0.062mol / dm* 8 2 xX 25 2. n M= mand Cas n= CV n | aeWhere M = molar mass, m = mass of the solute, n= amount of the solute, C= molar concentration and V= volume of the solution (30) n, =CV =0.062n0l/dm. x oot 0.00155nole 1000 ety , 25cm" MASSM¢4,) iN Bent = 1000 x6.60g= 0.165g 2 0.165g¢ OO y 9.001 55mol . relative molar mass of X,CO, =106 M =106g/mol 3. Relative molar mass of X,CO3 = X2 + 12+ 16 + 3=106 X, + 60 = 106 X, = 106 - 60 = 46 X= 46/2 = 23 304. from the equation, 1 mole or 106g of X,CO3 liberated 22.4dm? of CO, 6.60g of X,CO; liberated 6.60 x 22.4 dm? = 1.39dm’ of CO, a2 x2 100 _ 43 4% 5. % of X in X,CO3 = Bey 31PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer dL. How would you prepare 0.1mol/dm? of sodium hydroxide in 500cm’ flask 2. The principle for the group separation of cations is based on 3. The precipitating agent for group |, iii and Vv respectively ALE 0280 aire 324. The colour of phenolphthalein in acid solution is ........., 5. Name two reagent used to confirmed chloride Solution: 1. 1 determine the mass of 0.1 mol/dm’ of sodium hydroxide in 500cm*. Using mofarity x molar mass X volume NH Art) 1000 mass = 0.1.x 40x $00 1000 =2g Weigh 2g of sodium hydroxide in a weigh balance, transfer the content intoa conical flask, dissolve the content with distilled water, stir vigorously until it 33dissolved, then make up to mark with distil water until it is exactly 500cm’, The principle for the group separation of cations is based on solubility Precipitating agent for group iis dil hydrochloric acid (dil HCl) for group iii is ammonium hydroxide NH,OH and group v is ammonium carbonate (NHa€O3) @ Bus (Os The colour of phenolphthalein in acid solution is colourless The reagents used to confirmed chloride are (1) dil HNO3 and (2) silver nitrate solution (AgNOs) 34PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer 1. The flame test for strontium when view through cobalt glass is ...... When Nessler’s reagent is passed through a sample salt X, to produce an orange brown colouration. The cation present QcName six solvents used in preparation of solution of the sample for identification of metallic radicals in order of importance Name 4 metallic radical that belong to group 6 On addition of 1cm’ of 2M CH;COOH, boil and followed by M/2 K2CrO, droplet until 36in excess to group(v) precipitate yield an orange filtrate and yellow residue indicating the present of the following compounds (i)........ (ii) ......... filtrate and sues FESIdUE, Solution: 1. The flame test for strontium when viewed through cobalt glass is purple 2. When Nessler’s reagent is passed through a sample salt X, to produce an orange brown colouration, the cation present is He Nig 37i. water ii. Dilute hydrochloric acid iii. Conc. Hydrochloric acid iv. Dil nitric acid v. conc. Nitric acid vi. Aqua regia ( mixture of 1 vol. conc. HNO; + 3 vols of conc. HCl) NHj, Na’, K*, Mg” Sr(CH3COO)s, Ca(CH3COO),, filtrate and BaCrO, residue 38re N PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY PAST QUESTION AND ANSWERS Instruction: Answer each question in the space provided; write your name, department, registration number and your group in the space provide; any cancellation void the answer . What is an indicator . Give the reason why a standard solution of sodium hydroxide cannot be made by weighing out accurately a given mass of the solid and making it up to the required volume of solution - What is the colour of the flame test for barium when viewed throug cope Th - , . Name group iii cations 395. When group vi cations solution was addeda saturated solution of zinc uranyl acetate in acetic acid, a yellow crystalline precipitate indicates the presence of ... Solution: fl, An indicator is an organic substance which changes colour as the pH changes 2 Because sodium hydroxide is deliquescent 3. Blue green 4AM, Fe jFe & crt + TOUNG KOMN 40