BEEE EXPERIMENT
Name Monisha Yalavarthi
Reg No 122010326031
Section B26
Speed Control of DC motor by field resistance
control
Aim: To study the speed control of DC Motor by field resistance
Control. Draw the graph between the armature current and motor
speed by varring the field resistace.
Theory: We know that the speed of shunt motor is given by:
N = (V-IaRa)/kФ
Where, Va is the voltage applied across the armature and φ is the flux
per pole and is proportional to the field current If.. As explained
earlier, armature current Ia is decided by the mechanical load present
on the shaft. Therefore, by varying Va and If we can vary n. For fixed
supply voltage and the motor connected as shunt we can vary Va by
controlling an external resistance connected in series with the
armature. If of course can be varied by controlling external field
resistance Rf connected with the field circuit.
Thus forshunt motor we have essentially two methods for controlling
speed, namely by:
1. Varying armature resistance.
2. Varying field resistance.
Figure: Equivalent circuit for field control of DC motor
Speed control by varying field current:
In this method field circuit resistance is varied to control the speed of
a d.c shunt motor. Let us rewrite the basic equation to understand the
method.
N = (V-IaRa)/kФ
If we vary I f, flux φ will change, hence speed will vary. To change If
an external resistance is connected in series with the field windings.
The resistance is called the shunt field regulator the field coil
produces rated flux when no external resistance is connected and
rated voltage is applied across field coil. It should be understood that
we can only decrease flux from its rated value by adding external
resistance. Thus the speed of the motor will rise as we decrease the
field current and speed control above the base speed will be
achieved. Speed versus armature current characteristic is shown.
Figure: Torque speed characteristics of DC motors
Procedure:
1. Connect all dots in the following manner:
(a) A to K
(b) A to Y
(c) A to J
(d) B to P
(e) E to M
(f) F to D
(g) G to R
(h) H to I
(i) I to C
(j) C to H
(k) Q to L
Then Check the connections by clicking on Check Button.
3. If it shows alert "Incorrect Corrections" then press reset button
and make connection again.
4. If it shows alert"Correct Connections" then Turn On the MCB.
5. Then set the Voltmeter first with the help of the second slider.
6. Now,move the first slider to get corresponding values of
Ammeter and Speedometer.
7. Press the "Add to table" button to insert the values in table.
8. After inserting values on table click on "Plot graph" to get your
required graph.
Observation Table:
Graph:
Speed Control of DC motor by Armature Resistance
Control
Aim: To study the speed control of D.C. Shunt motor by armature
control method. Draw the graph between armature voltage and motor
speed by varring the armature voltage.
Theory: We know that the speed of shunt motor is given by:
N = (V-IaRa)/kФ
Where, Va is the voltage applied across the armature and φ is the flux
per pole and is proportional to the field current If.. As explained
earlier, armature current Ia is decided by the mechanical load present
on the shaft. Therefore, by varying Va and If we can vary n. For fixed
supply voltage and the motor connected as shunt we can vary Va by
controlling an external resistance connected in series with the
armature. If of course can be varied by controlling external field
resistance Rf connected with the field circuit.
Thus forshunt motor we have essentially two methods for controlling
speed, namely by:
1. Varying armature resistance.
2. Varying field resistance.
Figure: Equivalent circuit for armature control of DC motor
Speed control by varying armature resistance
In this method a variable series resistor Rext is put in the armature
circuit. In this case the field is directly connected across the supply
and therefore the flux ɸ is not affected by variation of Rext. in this
case the current and hence the flux are affected by the variation of the
armature circuit resistance. The voltage drop in Rext reduces the
voltage applied to the armature and therefore the speed is reducing.
The slope of the n vs. Iaor n vs. Te characteristic can be modified by
deliberately connecting external resistance rext in the armature circuit.
One can get a family of speed vs. armature curves for various values
of rext. From these characteristics it can be explained how speed
control is achieved. Let us assume that the load torque TL is constant
and field current is also kept constant.
Therefore, since steady state operation demands Te = TL, Te = kφ
too will remain constant; which means Ia will not change. Suppose
rext = 0, then at rated load torque, operating point will be at C and
motor speed will be n. If additional resistance rext1 is introduced in
the armature circuit, new steady state operating speed will be n1
corresponding to the operating point D. In this way one can get a
speed of n2 corresponding to the operating point E, when rext2 is
introduced in the armature circuit. This same load torque is supplied
at various speed. Variation of the speed is smooth and speed will
decrease smoothly if rext is increased. Obviously, this method is
suitable for controlling speed below the base speed and for supplying
constant rated load torque which ensures rated armature current
always. Although, this method provides smooth wide range speed
control (from base speed down to zero speed), has a serious draw
back since energy loss takes place in the external resistance rext
reducing the efficiency of the motor.
Figure: Armature current speed characteristics of DC motors
Procedure:
1. Procedure: Make the proper Connections as per the Instructions.
a) first of all connect the + (positive) terminal of MCB to the
(-)negative terminal of Voltmeter(V) and to the motor's A2 and
F2 Port respectively .
b) Connect - (negative) terminal of MCB to the L port of the
Starter.
c) Connect The F port of the starter to the positive (+) terminal of
the Ammeter(A).
d) Connect the A port of starter to the positive (+) terminal of the
Armature Resistance .
e) Connect the positive(+) terminal of the voltmeter(V) to the
negative(-) terminal of the Armature Resistance and to the
motor's A1 Port respectively.
f) Connect Ammeter's negative(-) terminal to the positive(+)
terminal of the Field Resistance.
g) Connect Negative (-) Terminal of the Field Resistance to the
Port F1 of the Motor.
h) Connect Port A1 of the Motor to the Negative (-) terminal of
the Armature Resistance.
2. Tap on the MCB to turn on the circuit.
3. Move slider second to get variations over the voltmeter readings.
4. Then tap on Add to Table Button to values to table.
5. Repeat steps 3 & 4 to add more values in table
6. After getting 6 or more rows on table then click on Create Graph
button to make a respective graph regarding the values in above
table.
7. In order to print the page click on Print button .
Note: The Create Graph button is disabled untill you switch on the
MCB
Observation Table:
Graph:
