Pharmaceutical Engineering

QUESTION BANK IIIrd YEAR]

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 5
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

[Pharmaceutical Engineering : IOM: 2080/02] [NEW SYLLABUS]

1. Explain the principle, construction and working of venturi meter along with the derivation
of the expression for the volumetric flow rate of fluid through a venturi meter. [10]
2. Define heat exchangers and heat interchangers. Describe the construction and working of
a tubular heater. [2+8=10]
3. Define filtration. Explain the different theories that explain the rate of filtration. List out the
application of filtration in pharmaceutical industries. [2+5+3=10]
4. Define mixing. Explain the principle, construction, working and application of ribbon
blender. [2+8=10]
5. What are the different mechanisms of size separation? Describe the construction, working
and application of air separator. [4+6=10]
6. What are the bases for classification of dryers. Give suitable example for each class. Describe
the drying rate curve. [1+3+6=10]
7. Define size reduction. Explain the principle, construction, working and applications of a
hammer mill. [2+8=10]
8. Write short notes on: [2x5=10]
a) Distillation and its application b) Centrifugation and its theory

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2079/02] [OLD]

1. Give the equation for Reynolds number and write its significance. Write the construction
and working of venturi meter. [2+8=10]
2. What is size reduction and its importance? Write the construction and working of fluid
energy mill with help of diagram. [2+8=10]
3. Define equilibrium moisture content. Explain the principle, construction, working and
application of tray dryer. [2+8=10]
4. State Fourier's law by elaborating conduction of heat through a metal wall. [2+8=10]
5. Describe the mechanism of mixing in solids. Explain the principle, construction, working and
application of planetary mixer. [3+7=10]
6. Define distillation. Explain principle, construction and working of simple distillation.
[2+8=10]
7. Define evaporation and write its applications. Mention construction and working principle
of climbing film evaporator. [2+8=10]
8. Write short notes on: [2x5=10]
a) Principle of centrifugation b) HVAC system

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 6
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2078/01] [OLD]

1. Elaborate the nature of fluid flow by taking reference of Reynold’s experiment. Define
Reynolds number and its application. [6+2=8]
2. Define Heat exchangers and heat interchangers. Explain the construction, working principle,
and application of double pipe heat interchanger. [2+6=8]
3. A company is seeking for a size reduction for a drug having following attributes:
i) Expensive ii) Toxic iii) Thermolabile. The final product is desired in most fine from.
Recommend & explain any two appropriate size reduction methods in detail. [4+4=8]
4. Explain the principle, construction, marking and application of bag filters. [2+3+2+1=8]
5. What are the different types of filtration? Elaborate different theories of filtration. [4+4=8]
6. Explain the theory behind the fractional distillation and its principle. Elaborate boiling point
composition curves of Type I miscible liquid with clear diagram. [4+4=8]
7. Explain the different steps during crystallization. Explain Mier’s Super Saturation Theory.
[4+4=8]
8. Define Equilibrium moisture content. Explain the drying rate curve elaborating different
states of moisture content. [2+6=8]
9. List out factors affecting rate of leaching. Illustrate multiple stage extractor, elaborating the
extraction mechanism. [3+5=8]
10. Write short notes on: [2x5=10]
a) Mechanism of dehumidification b) Management of pharmaceutical solid and liquid waste

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2076/09] [OLD]

1. Define drying and its application in pharmaceutical industries. Briefly explain the principle
and construction of a tray dryer. [2+2+3+3]
2. What are the pharmaceutical applications of filtration? Describe the principle and
construction of rotary filter. [4+3+3]
3. Briefly explain the various mechanism of size separation. Describe the construction and
working principle of cyclone separator. [4+3+3]
4. Define mixing. What are the various mechanism of liquid-liquid mixing? Briefly describe the
various types of forces arising during liquid-liquid mixing. [2+4+4]
5. Describe Bernoulli’s theorem. Explain the principle and construction of a orifice meter.
[2+4+4]
6. What are the various mechanism of heat transfer? Define Fourier’s law and describe
conductivity of heat transfer through a cylindrical metal wall. [4+2+4]
7. Explain the differences between: [5x2=10]
a) Absorption and Adsorption b) Rittenger’s theory and Kick’s theory
8. Write short notes on: [5x2=10]
a) Standardization of sieves b) Theory of centrifugation

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 7
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2075/08] [OLD]

1. Define drying. Discuss the principle, construction and working mechanism of a fluidized
Bed Dryer along with a neat labeled diagram. [2+8]
2. Discuss Fourier’s law of heat transfer. Derive an equation (expression) for compound
resistances in series considering a flat wall constructed of a series of layers of different
thickness. [3+7]
3. Enlist the various mode of stress applied in size reduction. Discuss the principle,
construction and working of colloid mill with a neat labeled diagram. [2+8]
4. Describe the mechanism of liquid-liquid mixing. Describe the different types of devices used
for liquid- liquid mixing. [3+7]
5. Define heat exchanger. Discuss the principle, construction and working of a tubular heater.
[2+8]
6. Define size separation. Mention any five applications of size separation in pharmaceutical
industry. Describe the specifications for standardization of sieves. [2+3+5]
7. State Bernoulli’s theorem. Describe the principle, construction and working of a
venturimeter with the help of neat labeled diagram. [2+8]
8. Write short notes on: [5x2=10]
a) HVAC system b) Steel as a material of construction

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2074/09] [OLD]

1. Describe rectification process in detail. Add a note on rectifying columns. [6+4]

2. Explain theory of drying. Write principle construction, working and uses of freeze dryer.
[4+6]
3. Derive Bernoulli’s equation. Deduce relevant equations for calculating flow rates using
Orifice meter. [5+5]
4. Write Kozeny-Carman equation with its limitations. Explain principles, construction, working
and use of filter press. [3+7]
5. Explain in detail the concept of surface and overall heat transfer coefficients on forced
convection with a neat diagram. [10]
6. Explain the principle, construction and working of multiple effect evaporators. Also discuss
on its economy. [6+2]
7. Write a note on utility of glass, plastics and stainless steel in pharmaceutical industry. [5]
8. Discuss the factors that may influence the selection of milling equipment. [5]
9. Write short notes on ANY THREE: [4x3=12]
a) Planetary mixer b) Continuous centrifuge
c) Working of air conditioner d) Plant layout in pharmaceutical industry

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 8
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2073/09] [OLD]

1. State Bernoulli’s theorem and derive Bernoulli’s equation with the help of labeled diagram.
[10]
2. State Rittinger’s theory of comminution and explain how input energy for comminution is
dissipated to different forms of energy. [10]
3. Explain the construction and working steps of Freeze dryer with the help of schematic
diagram. [10]
4. Describe the feature (components) of HVAC system. [10]
5. a) Name different type of propellers used for liquid mixing. [5]
b) Describe the principle and working of cyclone separator for size separation. [5]
6. a) What is clean room? Classify clean room as per Federal Standard 209E. [5]
b) Elaborate on theory of centrifugation. [5]
7. a) List down the important criteria while selecting a site for establishing pharmaceutical
industries. [5]
b) Explain the theory of evaporation. [5]
8. a) Mention the specification of standard sieves as per IP. [5]
b) Describe usefulness of steel as material of plant construction. [5]

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2072/09] [OLD]

1. Explain the construction and working steps of Freeze dryer with the help of schematic
diagram. [10]
2. State Bernoulli’s theorem and derive Bernoulli’s equation with the help of labeled diagram.
[10]
3. Discuss the Meir’s super saturation theory of crystallization. What are the limitations of
Meir’s theory? [10]
4. Explain the concept of film and overall heat transfer coefficient in forced convection. Derive
the relevant mathematical equations. [10]
5. Describe construction and working principle of equipment used for fractional distillation.
[10]
6. “Humidity chart is the important tool to monitor efficiency of HVAC system” justify. [5]
7. Explain theory of filtration with help of Kozeny-Carman equation. [5]
8. Explain the theory of evaporation with emphasis on material balance and energy balance.[5]
9. Write short notes on: [5x3=15]
a) Suitable mixing equipment for mixing semi solid
b) Specification of standard sieves as per IP
c) Theory of centrifugation

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 9
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2071/09] [OLD]

1. Explain the continuous counter-current decantation systems with examples and uses. [8]
2. With the help of equation, explain Fourier’s law of heat transfer through an aluminum wall.
[10]
3. State Rittinger’s theory of comminution and explain how input energy for comminution is
dissipated to different forms of energy. [10]
4. Explain the role of crystallization of solutes from a solution. [8]
5. Suggest different way to control industrial pollution. [10]
6. Explain why stainless steel is widely used in construction of pharmaceutical industry. [8]
7. Define and give the application of the following: [4x3=12]
a) FBD b) HEPA filter c) Pilot tube
8. Name different types of valves used to control the rate of flow of fluids in a pipeline. [7]
9. Explain design of Packed Tower commonly used in gas adsorption. [7]

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2070/09] [OLD]

1. State Bernoulli’s theorem and derive Bernoulli’s equation with the help of labeled diagram.
[10]
2. Explain design of Packed Tower commonly used in gas adsorption. [10]
3. State and explain Fourier’s law of heat transfer through a metal wall by conduction with the
help of equation. [10]
4. Discuss the Meir’s super saturation theory of crystallization. Enlist its limitations. [10]
5. Explain the operation principle of Mixer-Settler extraction system used for liquid extraction
process with the help of neat schematic diagram. [10]
6. a) Describe the feature (components) of HVAC system. [5]
b) Explain operating procedure of rotameter with the help of neat diagram. [5]
c) Difference between drying and evaporation. [5]
7. a) What is humidity chart? Write its use in pharmaceutical field. [5]
b) What are the factors influencing rate of filtration? [5]
c) List down the equipment used in solid-solid mixing. Briefly explain the operating
procedure of any one of them. [5]

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 10
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2069/09] [OLD]

1. Describe theory of centrifugation. Derive the equation for calculating centrifugal effect. [10]
2. Explain the principle and application of molecular distillation. [10]
3. Explain theory of evaporation with emphasis on material balance and energy balance. [10]
4. State Rittinger’s theory of comminution and explain how input energy for comminution is
dissipated to different forms of energy. [10]
5. Explain theory of filtration with help of Kozeny-Carman equation. [10]
6. a) List the important criteria while selecting a site for establishing Pharmaceutical Industry.
[5]
b) Name different types of propellers used for liquid mixing. [5]
c) Describe the use of cyclone separator for size separation. [5]
7. a) Mention different steps of crystallization. [5]
b) Mention specification of standard sieves as per IP. [5]
c) Describe usefulness of steel as material of plant construction. [5]

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2068/09] [OLD]

1. Explain the operation principle of Mixer-Settler extraction system used for liquid extraction
process with the help of neat schematic diagram. [10]
2. State Bernoulli’s theorem and derive Bernoulli’s equation with the help of labeled diagram.
[10]
3. Describe the feature (components) of HVAC system. [10]
4. Explain design of Packed Tower commonly used in gas adsorption. [10]
5. Explain construction and working steps of Freeze Dryer with the help of Schematic diagram.
[10]
6. With the help of neat diagram, explain the concept of film and overall heat transfer
coefficient in forced convection. [10]
7. a) What is clean room? Classify clean room as per Federal Standard 209E. [5]
b) Elaborate the theory of centrifugation. [5]
c) Explain theory of evaporation. [5]
d) Describe Grifth Theory of Comminution. [5]

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 11
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2067/09] [OLD]

1. Discuss the Meir’s super saturation theory of crystallization. Enlist its limitations. [10]
2. Explain the concept of film and overall heat transfer coefficient in forced convection. Derive
relevant mathematical equation. [10]
3. Explain the theory of evaporation with emphasis on material balance and energy balance.
[10]
4. Explain the theory of filtration with emphasis on Kozeny-Carman equation. [10]
5. Describe the principle of centrifugation? Derive the equation for calculating the centrifugal
effect. [10]
6. Classify the method of measurement of rate flow of fluid. Explain the working principle of
anyone equipment following hydrodynamic methods. [10]
7. Write shorts note on any TWO: [5x2=10]
a) State Rittenger’s theory of comminution and explain how input energy for comminution
is dissipated to different forms of energy.
b) Classify the equipment use for solid mixing.
c) List the factors influencing filtration.
8. Write shorts on any TWO: [5x2=10]
a) List down the important criteria while selecting a site for establishing pharmaceutical
industries.
b) List methods of dehumidification followed in pharmaceutical industries.
c) Describe different modes of motion in size separation.

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2066/09] [OLD]

Attempt any FIVE from 1 to 6. Question no. 7 and 8 are compulsory

1. State and explain Fourier’s law of heat transfer through a metal wall by conduction with the
help of equation. [10]
2. State Bernoulli’s theorem and derive Bernoulli’s equation with the help of labeled diagram.
[10]
3. Describe the construction and the working principle of a Silverson Mixer-Emulsifier with the
help of neat diagram. [10]
4. What are the filter aids? Name the filter aids commonly used in pharmaceutical formulation
Activities. [10]
5. Describe the construction and working principle of Distillation Apparatus for the
preparation of distilled water. [10]
6. Explain the steps of crystallization of solute from the solution. [10]

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 12
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

7. Write the short notes on any THREE: [5x3=15]

a) Construction of tubular heat exchanger
b) Write Hagen-Poiseulli’s equation. What is its importance
c) Explain theory of drying
d) Name the different types of valves used to control the rate flow of fluid in a pipeline
8. Write shorts notes on any THREE: [5x3=15]
a) Illustrate construction of Fluid Energy Mill
b) Mention specification of standard sieves as per IP
c) Use of propellers for Liquid mixing
d) Difference between drying and evaporation.

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2062/07] [OLD]

Attempt any FIVE from 1 to 6. Question no. 7 and 8 are compulsory

1. How will you select the site for construction of pharmaceutical industry? Explain about the
major pollutant coming out of pharmaceutical industry. [10]
2. Explain the different types of extraction methods. [10]
3. What is evaporation and explain briefly about the pan evaporation. [10]
4. Name the different types of crystallizers. Explain the different types of advantages and
limitation of “Crystallization by cooling”. [10]
5. Elaborate the different factors affecting screening (size separation). [10]
6. What are the different mechanisms of mixing? Mention equipment used for Fluid mixing.
[10]
7. Write short notes on any THREE: [5x3=15]
a) Liquid- liquid extraction b) High shear mixing equipment’s
c) Super saturation d) Water demineralization by Reverse Osmosis Technique
8. Write short notes on any THREE: [5x3=15]
a) Venturimeter b) HEPA filters
c) Heat exchange d) Dimentional analysis

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 13
 Pharmaceutical Engineering

[Pharmaceutical Engineering & Drawing : IOM: 2061/09] [OLD]

Attempt any FIVE from 1 to [Link] no. 7 and 8 are compulsory

1. What is the various equipment for measuring fluid flow? Explain the working principle of
any one of them. [10]
2. Highlight the main points, which are the most essentially considered while designing a
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plant. [10]
3. Name the major drying equipment used in pharmaceutical industries. Mention the
advantages of FBD over the other dryer. [10]
4. What is the most preferred material used for the fabrication of the pharmaceutical
machineries? What are the advantages and disadvantages of steel as material for fabrication
of pharmaceutical equipment? [10]
5. What do you understand by size separation? Mention different techniques of size
separation. [10]
6. What are the major wastages of pharmaceutical industry? Briefly mention the method of
treatment of solid wastes. [10]
7. Write short notes on ANY THREE: [5x3=15]
a) Dehumidification b) Heat transfer by conduction
c) Bernoulli’s equation d) Standard screen Analysis
8. Write short notes on ANY THREE: [5x3=15]
a) Colloidal Mill b) Tray Dryer
c) Azotropic Distillation d) Rotameter

PRASHANT KR. AGRAWAL & SUPREME SHRESTHA [B. Pharm 11th batch, MMIHS] Page | 14