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RLC Circuit Resonant Frequency Study

The document outlines an experiment to study and verify resonance in a series RLC circuit by measuring the resonant frequency. It details the apparatus required, theoretical background, and procedure for conducting the experiment, including how to plot current versus frequency to determine resonance. Key concepts include the relationship between inductive and capacitive reactance at resonance, and the implications for circuit impedance and current flow.

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70 views6 pages

RLC Circuit Resonant Frequency Study

The document outlines an experiment to study and verify resonance in a series RLC circuit by measuring the resonant frequency. It details the apparatus required, theoretical background, and procedure for conducting the experiment, including how to plot current versus frequency to determine resonance. Key concepts include the relationship between inductive and capacitive reactance at resonance, and the implications for circuit impedance and current flow.

Uploaded by

ineeduforammenitiescentre
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Determination of Resonant Frequency of Series RLC Circuit

Aim: - To study and verify Resonance in R-L-C series circuit and measurement of resonance
frequency.

Apparatus Required: -

Sr. Apparatus Range Qty.


No.
01 Voltmeter
02 Ammeter
03 Resistance
04 Chock coil/Inductor
05 Capacitor
06 A.C. Supply
07 Connecting wires

Theory:-

Consider an AC-series circuit in which the resistance, inductance and capacitor are
connected in series across a variable frequency A.C. source.
Let, impedance of the circuit,
𝑍 = 𝑅 + j(𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶)

Now, if the frequency is increased XL increase and XC decrease. Resistance is not


dependent on Frequency of source. XL can be made equal to XC at one frequency.

|𝑍| = √𝑅2 + (𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶)2


Where, 𝑋 = 2𝛱𝑓𝐿 and =
1
𝑋
𝐿 𝐶 2𝛱𝑓𝐶
Such a circuit shown in figure 1 is connected to an A.C source of constant supply
voltage V but having variable frequency. The frequency can be varied from zero,
increasing and approaching infinity. Since XL and XC are functions of frequency at a
particular frequency of applied voltage XL and XC will be become equal in magnitude.
Since, 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶

𝑋𝐿 − 𝑋𝐶 = 0

So, 𝑍 = √𝑅2 + 0, Z=R.


The circuit, when 𝑋𝐿 = 𝑋𝐶 & hence Z = R is said to be in resonance in a series circuit
since current I remains same.

Figure 1

𝐼𝑋𝐿 = 𝐼𝑋𝐶

𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝐶

So at resonant VL and VC will be canceling out each other.

The supply voltage, 𝑉 = √𝑉


𝑅 + (𝑉𝐿 − 𝑉𝐶)
2 2

V = √VR2

𝑉 = 𝑉𝑅

Now, Resonant frequency [At resonant condition XL=XC]

1
2𝛱𝑓𝑟𝐿 =
2𝛱𝑓𝑟 𝐶
2
1
𝑓 =
ERIES RESONANCE: -
E
F
F
E
L=inductance in C
T
Henry C=capacitance
O
in farads F

𝑓𝑟 = resonant frequency in HZ S
𝑟
4
𝛱
2
𝑓𝑟 =
𝐿
𝐶
1
2
𝛱
√
𝐿
𝐶
1. When a series R-L-C circuit at resonance XL= XC, the net reactance of circuit is zero.
2. Z = R, then the impedance of circuit is minimum.
3. I= V/Z Here Z is minimum, so I is maximum.
4. Since, I is maximum, the power dissipated would be maximum P= I2R.
5. VL=VC, V=VR i.e. since supply voltage is in phase with the supply current I .Hence
power factor angle 0. And circuit power factor cos cos0 1

Circuit Diagram:-

Procedure: -

 Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.


 switch on the supply. Adjust minimum frequency of the supply.
 Increase the frequency gradually and note down the current flowing through the
circuit.
 Continue to increase the frequency and not down the reading until the current
increases to maximum and starts decreasing.
 Plot the graph of current v/s frequency.
 Obtain the resonance frequency from graph and also calculate theoretical
resonance frequency.
Table:-

S. Frequency in Hz Current mA
No.
01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

13

14

15
Calculations:-

Conclusion:-

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