Normalisation Workbook
First Normal Form (1NF)
The rules for 1NF:
• Each data item cannot be broken down any further i.e. it is ‘atomic’
• Each row/record is unique and has a primary key
• There are no records with repeating data
• Each field should be unique
Atomic data
Rule 1: Each data item cannot be broken down any further i.e. it is ‘atomic’
State whether the following examples are atomic or non atomic
Data Atomic or non atomic
Miss Jane Green
9 Oak Crescent, Warwick
Teacher
01926 123456
King George IV School London
CV11 9NB
Keyboard
Star Trek 12A
Jaguar XJS
Buckingham Palace
Supersize cheeseburger
Change the following examples of non atomic data into atomic data
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Non Atomic Atomic
Name: Sally Chadwick First name: Sally
Surname: Chadwick
Address: 9 Oak Crescent,
Snitterfield, CV11 9NB
King George IV School London
Star Trek 12A
Jaguar XJS
Rule 2: Each row/record is unique and has a primary key
The records below have no primary key. Choose a suitable primary key and
complete the table.
Title First Name Surname Dob
Mr James Smith 14/05/57
Miss Emma White 21/11/78
The records below have no primary key. Choose a suitable primary key and
complete the table.
FilmTitle Rating Genre
Dr Strange PG-13 Sci Fi
Zootopia U Children
Rule 3: There are no records with repeating data
Look at the tables below and answer the questions:
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Table 1:
ID* Title Surname Telephone no
001 Miss Smith 01234 567890
002 Miss White 01234 890123
003 Miss James 01234 798453
004 Miss Green 01234 578345
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
Table 2:
ID* Title Surname Full Name Telephone
no
001 Mrs Field Mrs Field 01234 523645
002 Miss White Miss White 01234 890123
003 Mr Hancock Mr Hancock 01234 989654
004 Miss Green Miss Green 01234 578345
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
Table 3:
ID* Title Surname Email
001 Mrs Field [email protected]
[email protected]003 Mr Hancock
[email protected] [email protected]Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
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Rule 4: Each field name should be unique
Look at the tables below and answer the questions:
Table 1:
ID* Title Surname Telephone Telephone Telephone
no no no
001 Mr Smith 01234 567890 01234 789123 01234 345678
002 Miss White 01234 890123 01234 456789 01234 213456
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
Table 2:
ID* FirstNam Surname Course Module Module
e
00123 Tamsin Wall Business Accounts Economics
Studies
00245 Steven Weeks Business Operations Business Law
Studies Management
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
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Identifying tables in First Normal Form (1NF)
Remembering all of the rules of First Normal Form, identify which of the
following tables are in 1NF. Explain your reason
Example 1:
Title FirstNam Surnam Address City Postcode
e e
Mr Tom Smith 42 Mill Street London SE31 1WE
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
Example 2:
ID* Usernam Last Activity Result AccountActi
e accessed ve
1003 Smithj08 2016 12 Save file Success Y
21: 14:03
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
Example 3:
ItemID* Produc Descripti Size Colour Colour Colour
t on
234 Shoe High Heel 6 Red Blue Green
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
Example 4:
StudentID* FirstName Surname SchoolID ClassID
354 Tom James 016 5F
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
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Example 5:
ID* Title FirstNa Surnam Full Addres City Postcod
me e name s e
004 Mr Tom Smith Tom 42 Mill London SE31
Smith Street 1WE
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
Example 6:
ID* Film Rating Genre Actor Length
004 Dr Strange PG-13 Sci Fi Benedict 180 mins
Cumberbatc
h
Is this table in 1NF? Yes No
Reason:
1NF Worked Example
Entity – Band
Entity – Fan
Each band has many fans. Each person is a fan of only one band.
Taking this information into account, draw the correct ER diagram below:
BAND FAN
The attributes of the
The attributes of the
fans might be:
band might be:
Fan ID
Band ID
First Name
Band Name
Surname
Music Type
Email Address
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Write the correct database notation for each table.
BAND ( )
FAN ( )
The database designer sets up the FAN table:
FanID* FirstName Surname BandID Email
001 Tom Smith 23
[email protected] m
[email protected]Identify the problem with this table:
Answer:
The database designer has a second go at setting up the FAN table:
FanID FirstNam Surnam BandID Email Email
* e e
001 Tom Smith 23
[email protected]Identify the problem with this new design.
Answer:
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The database designer finally comes up with the correct solution. He needs
to create a third table called EMAIL and use a foreign key in the fan table to
link to the primary key in the EMAIL table.
Complete the ER diagram below:
BAND FAN
EMAI
L
Complete the three tables for this database below and add one record for
each. Indicate the primary keys by using a *
BAND
FAN
FanID* FirstNa Surnam BandID EmailID
me e
001 Tom Smith 23 012
EMAIL
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Second Normal Form (2NF)
The rules for 2NF:
• The table must be in 1NF
• Non-key attributes must depend on every part of the primary key
Venue* Artist* Date* Attendan Profit Style
ce
Wembley Adele 14/12/16 23000 12334 Female
soloist
NEC Taylor 18/12/16 15000 43025 Female
Swift soloist
Identify the key attributes in this table:
Identify the non-key attributes in this table:
Does every non-key attribute depend on every key attribute?
If your answer above was no, is this table in 2NF?
If it is not in 2NF, identify which non-key attribute does not depend on one of
the key attributes.
Answer:
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Redesign this database so that it is in 2NF
CONCERT:
Venue* ArtistID* Date* Attendanc Profit
e
Wembley 002 14/12/16 23000 12334
ARTIST:
ArtistID*
STYLE:
StyleID*
2NF another example
PROJECT:
EmployeeID* ProjectID* DateHired ProjectManag
er
Identify the key attributes in this table:
Identify the non-key attributes in this table:
Does every non-key attribute depend on every key attribute? Explain your
answer
Redesign this database so that it is in 2NF
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PROJECT:
EMPLOYEE:
PROJECTMANAGER:
2NF another example
COURSES:
CourseID* Term* PlacesAvailab CourseTitle
le
001 Autumn 50 Computing
001 Spring 40 Computing
001 Summer 45 Computing
002 Autumn 100 ICT
002 Spring 90 ICT
003 Summer 100 Robotics
Identify the key attributes in this table:
Identify the non-key attributes in this table:
Does every non-key attribute depend on every key attribute? Explain your
answer
Redesign this database so that it is in 2NF
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COURSES AVAILABLE:
COURSE:
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Third Normal Form (3NF)
The rules for 3NF:
• The table must be in 2NF
• There are no non-key attributes that depend on another non-key
attribute
• Every non-key attribute is non-transitively dependent on the primary
key
Example 1: Concert table
Venue* Artist* Date* Attendanc Profit City Country
e
Wemble Adele 14/12/1 23000 12334 London UK
y 6
NEC Taylor 18/12/1 15000 43025 Birmingha UK
Swift 6 m
Carnegi Calvin 20/12/1 13453 16785 New York USA
e Hall Harris 6
Key attributes: Venue, Artist, Date
Non-key attributes: Attendance, Profit, City, Country
The table is in 2NF but it is not in 3NF because ‘Country’ could be derived
from ‘City’
Country could be stored in another table e.g.
City* Country
London UK
Birmingham UK
New York USA
The new table called ‘countries’ has City as the primary key and ‘country’ as
an attribute.
The concert table has ‘city’ as a foreign key. Now there is no redundant
data.
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3NF – an example
COURSES AVAILABLE:
CourseID Term* PlacesAvailabl TeacherID Teacher
* e
001 Autumn 50 024 Mrs White
001 Spring 40 024 Mrs White
001 Summer 45 019 Mr Brown
002 Autumn 100 024 Mrs White
002 Spring 90 031 Miss
Green
003 Summer 100 026 Mr Black
Is this table in 3NF?
If you answered ‘no’, explain your reason.
Redesign this database so that it is in 3NF
COURSES AVAILABLE
TEACHER
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