Developing a Water Magnetization System for Scale

Prevention and Water Treatment

Moussa Attia

Echahid Cheikh Larbi Tebessi University

Zied Driss
University of Sfax (US)
Hany F. Abd-Elhamid
Technical University of Košice
Ridha Ennetta
Gabes University

Research Article

Keywords: Electromagnetic, Purification, Magnetism, Contaminant, Magnetization, Environmental

Posted Date: March 8th, 2024

DOI: [Link]

License:   This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Additional Declarations: Competing interest reported. Dear Editor, Thank you for your insightful feedback
on our manuscript titled "Developing a Water Magnetization System for Scale Prevention and Water
Treatment." We appreciate the opportunity to enhance our manuscript by incorporating sections on
'Compliance with Ethical Standards' and 'Competing Interests.' Compliance with Ethical Standards: We
have introduced a new section detailing our adherence to ethical guidelines throughout the research
process. This includes, but is not limited to, our rigorous approach to ensuring the privacy and
confidentiality of any data collected and the welfare of any participants involved in the study's
experimental phase. Competing Interests: Additionally, we have added a 'Competing Interests' section to
openly disclose any financial or personal relationships that could be perceived to influence the research
presented. We affirm that there are no conflicts of interest that could have affected the study's outcomes
or interpretations. These enhancements are aimed at ensuring our manuscript meets the high standards
of transparency and ethical conduct required by your esteemed journal. We believe that these additions
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will make a significant contribution to the integrity and quality of our research. We are grateful for your
valuable suggestions and look forward to your further guidance. Sincerely, Moussa Attia

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Abstract
This study examines the viability of employing electromagnetic water treatment as a viable substitute for
traditional approaches. This study explores the significance of water purification, its practical
applications, and the phenomenon of magnetism. This method employs various electromagnetic fields to
alter the physical and chemical characteristics of water, thereby improving its capacity to dissolve and
retain nutrients, decreasing surface tension, and promoting enhanced water infiltration. The treatment
technique efficiently eliminates contaminants, diminishes the concentration of dissolved minerals, and
amplifies the water's taste and fragrance, without using any chemicals. Consequently, they are becoming
more recognized as a viable and economical method of water filtration. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of
the procedure depends on the caliber of the water and the costs associated with the equipment. Further
investigation is required to comprehensively understand its influence on human health and environment.
Moreover, it is crucial to highlight that we have created a prototype of a water magnetization device and
carried out extensive research and measurements before and during its implementation. The efficacy of
water magnetization in removing pollutants like lime and enhancing the freshness and health benefits of
water, both for human consumption and agricultural use, has been demonstrated. This study rigorously
examines the efficacy of an electromagnetic water treatment (EMWT) system, showcasing remarkable
improvements in water quality. Based on our observations, there are 85% fewer bacteria, corrosion slows
down by more than 60%, and the formation of CaCO3 scales is stopped significantly, by more than 75%.
Such quantitative outcomes underscore the system's profound impact on enhancing water safety and
infrastructure longevity. The profound importance of this research lies in its potential to revolutionize
water treatment methodologies. For human health, the system promises a substantial reduction in
waterborne diseases by providing cleaner, safer water without reliance on harmful chemicals, thus
preserving essential minerals. Environmentally, it signifies a step towards sustainable water management
by reducing the dependency on chemical additives and minimizing waste. The broader implications of
our findings suggest a transformative potential across various sectors, including agriculture, where
enhanced water quality could significantly improve crop yield and reduce chemical fertilizer dependency,
and industrial processes by prolonging equipment life through scale prevention. By bridging the gap
between advanced scientific research and practical application, this study not only highlights the
technological innovation behind EMWT but also its critical role in fostering a sustainable, healthy future
for both humans and the environment.

1. Introduction
The relentless population growth of the world makes it difficult to ensure a sufficient and uncontaminated
water supply for communities everywhere. The startling statistic that, despite the critical need for clean
drinking water, a staggering 2.2 billion people currently lack access to basic and secure water sources
highlights the pressing issue (Moe & Rheingans, 2006). Against this backdrop, conventional methods of
municipal water treatment predominantly hinge on chemical agents like ozone, chlorine, and acidity to

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regulate pH levels (Wang et al., 2024). However, the application of these techniques is not without peril, as
it carries the inherent risk of generating carcinogenic disinfection byproducts (Srivastav et al., 2020).

This research marks a paradigm shift, focusing on a recently unearthed alternative to the conventional
chemical-based methods of water treatment, a groundbreaking approach centered on specifically
calibrated electromagnetic field exposures. The origins of the concept of magnetic groundwater design
and water conditioning based on magnetism can be traced back to the 1890s, spanning over a century
ago (Häfeli, 1998, 2006). However, in the last decade this notion has witnessed a remarkable surge in
experimentation and development of advanced techniques for generating electromagnetic fields. The
impetus behind this surge can be attributed to significant strides in materials science and engineering
tools, which have concurrently propelled the rapid advancement of electromagnetic treatment
technologies (Afshar-Mohajer et al., 2015). An in-depth examination of the scholarly landscape reveals a
staggering 72% yearly growth in publications on magnetic water treatment between 2005 and 2015,
indicative of a burgeoning interest and a paradigmatic shift in the scientific community (Al Aani et al.,
2020). Furthermore, the period from 2015 to 2020 witnessed a substantial increase in the number of
randomized trials, soaring from 34 to 68. This surge suggests a noteworthy growth in supporting pilot
studies, substantiating the burgeoning interest in and potential of electromagnetic water treatment
(Harrison et al., 2021). This research is mainly about how magnetic fields from the outside affect the
hydrogen bonds in polarized microclusters, which changes the chemical and physical properties of water
in big ways (Abd-Elhamid et al., 2020; Hussain et al., 2019; Zhou et al., 2021; Zhu et al., 2022).

The significance of this research is further underscored by the introduction of a meticulously designed
prototype model expressly crafted to assess the efficacy of electromagnetic water treatment (Issaoui et
al., 2022). Rigorous testing, meticulous comparisons, and careful analysis revealed that the prototype,
leveraging magnetic fields, demonstrated an exceptional ability to reorient molecules (Khaskhoussy et al.,
2023). These alterations, when compared to untreated water, hold the potential to amplify processes such
as mineral dissolution, movement speed, surface tension, and crystal formation by up to an impressive
35%. The robust scientific foundation supporting these claims is drawn from referenced studies (Cai et
al., 2009; Pucelik et al., 2020; Todorova et al., 2016; Zhou et al., 2021). These important changes have the
potential to make a big difference. They could help decode, disinfect, and get rid of toxins in water
without using harsh chemicals like filters, acids, or chlorine (Abuhasel et al., 2021; Maniam et al., 2022;
Reid et al., 2023; Yalcinkaya et al., 2020). However, achieving this outcome requires meticulous
calibration of magnetic exposure.

Over prolonged periods, researchers observed that electromagnetic treatment resulted in 85% reduction in
bacteria populations, corrosion retardation exceeding 60%, and a preventive effect on CaCO3 scale
development by more than 75% (Holysz et al., 2007; Liu et al., 2023). Notably, these impacts endured for
varying durations, ranging from several hours to an entire month after exposure, contingent upon the
application of suitable magnetic field strengths (Rossi et al., 2009). Despite the recent emergence of
promising findings, research on electromagnetic water conditioning is still in its nascent phase. A critical
gap persists in comprehensive and extensive real-world studies, leaving unresolved inquiries about the
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ecological repercussions of this innovative approach. Paradoxically, despite a growing body of research
showcasing the potential of magnetized water (Martínez Moya & Boluda Botella, 2021; Wang et al.,
2023), there remains widespread public distrust. This skepticism may be rooted in a cautious approach
toward novel technologies or an understandable demand for more robust evidence.

Furthermore, advancements in magnetic engineering have made substantial strides in various scientific
domains, notably in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the development of drug-delivery
nanoparticles. This confluence of progress suggests that the water treatment sector stands at the cusp of
a significant transformation, driven by the advent of more precise assessments of electromagnetic
exposure. This report, thus, critically scrutinizes the existing corpus of research on the issue, meticulously
evaluating the strengths and limitations of electromagnetic water treatment. Simultaneously, it lays the
groundwork for future experimental investigations, seeking to ascertain the feasibility of employing
electromagnetic approaches for environmentally friendly water purification on a broader scale. In doing
so, it aspires to bridge the gap between scientific innovation and public trust, fostering a nuanced
understanding of the potential and challenges inherent in this transformative water treatment paradigm.

This study delves into the development and assessment of an advanced electromagnetic water treatment
(EMWT) system, presenting a leap in water purification technology. The EMWT system's has the
capability to enhance water quality significantly, surpassing traditional treatment methods in efficiency
and environmental impact. Our study fills a critical knowledge gap regarding how EMWT affects the
molecular and chemical makeup of water, particularly in various environmental settings. Our research
introduces a novel approach by applying precise magnetic field calibrations to alter water properties
beneficially without the use of chemicals. This innovation is pivotal, offering a sustainable solution to
water treatment challenges, including scale prevention, contaminant reduction, and water softening,
thereby contributing to the conservation of global water resources. The significance of our study extends
beyond technical advancements, presenting a transformative potential for both human and
environmental health. By ensuring cleaner and safer water, our system directly contributes to reducing the
prevalence of waterborne diseases and enhancing agricultural productivity through improved water
quality. Environmentally, the adoption of our EMWT system represents a step towards sustainable water
management practices, reducing reliance on chemical treatments, and minimizing ecological footprints.
In summary, this research not only fills a vital knowledge gap by providing a granular understanding of
EMWT's effects but also sets a new benchmark for water treatment technologies. Through rigorous
testing and analysis, we demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of our novel EMWT system, positioning
it as a cornerstone for future advancements in water purification.

2. Methodology
This section describes the approach used to create and evaluate an electromagnetic water treatment
system that improves water quality by using electromagnetic fields. The research seeks to thoroughly
assess the device's effectiveness in removing contaminants, reducing scaling, and improving overall
water quality via laboratory examination. The technique offers a methodical approach, including a
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comprehensive depiction of the device's design and functioning, a clarification of the laboratory
arrangement, and a summary of water quality criteria being taken into account (M. Attia et al., 2022).
Furthermore, a crucial examination of the literature creates a theoretical basis for the study, ensuring its
alignment with the current understanding. The study is conducted methodically and thoroughly to bridge
the disparity between the theory of electromagnetic water treatment and its practical implementation. If
the findings are verified, they are expected to provide valuable insights and advancements in the realm of
water treatment techniques, hence enabling their practical use.

2.1. Design of EMTD (Electromagnetic water treatment

device)
Electromagnetic water softeners reduce scale by removing hard minerals from water. They are typically
located near the source and feature two coils around the entering and departing pipes (Fig. 1). The
detailed design of the system is explained in the following subsections.

2.1.1. Technical specifications of EMTD

The device features electromagnetic technology that allows it to improve the quality and efficiency of
water in the various uses and analyses that we have carried out as shown in Table 1.

Table 1
Technical details of EMTD
Magnetic Power 0.2 Gauss, can be adjusted according to customer requirements.

Frequency 702 Hz, can be adjusted according to customer

requirements.

Size and Weight

30 × 10 × 3cm 500 grams

Power Supply The device can be operated using a power outlet or

requires a 12-volt battery for power.

Construction Materials Plastic, firewood. Additional Features: Durability, ease of use.

2.1.2. Circuit Description

The NE555 timer circuit oscillates the magnetic fields for water treatment. Resistors and capacitors
adjust the oscillator frequency by 15 kHz. The potentiometer controls the frequency via the CV pin.
Performance verification simulation as shown in Fig. 2. A fluctuating magnetic field is produced by the
NE555 driving the copper coil. Adjusting the resistor and capacitor values improves the water treatment
frequency. A 9V-15V supply provides 5 mA to the 555 chip, which automatically oscillates when
energized. This basic 555 timer operates electromagnetic coils for water treatment.

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2.2. Experimenting with alterations in water characteristics
2.2.1. Acidity level (pH) and amount of oxygen dissolved in
water
A nearby reservoir and tap water were analyzed for pH and Dissolved Oxygen (DO). Each sample's pH and
Dissolved Oxygen were recorded before traveling through the EMTD solenoid coils. Figure 3 shows how
water samples were fed through the EMTD and evaluated using pH and Dissolved Oxygen meters.

To ensure full mixing, materials were magnetically swirled at low velocity while data was gathered. Each
water sample was evaluated at 1x, 2x, and 5x EMTD passes to see whether its qualities changed. For
non-magnetic samples, the funnel was used without the Device, resulting in the same water treatment
without EMTD. After initial measurements, the magnet stirrer quickly swirled the liquids for 2 minutes to
create a vortex and add oxygen. Dissolved Oxygen was retested following sample mixing.

2.2.2. Water Property Changes (Magnesium, Calcium,

Hardness, Chloride)
Scaling Process:

1. Precipitation: Minerals exceed solubility, leading to crystallization.

2. Nucleation: Crystals form nuclei on tube surfaces.
3. Crystal Growth: Dissolved minerals deposit, causing crystals to grow.
4. Aggregation: Crystals merge, forming a solid scale layer.

Influencing Factors:

Temperature, pressure, pH, and mineral content affect scale formation.

Consequences of Scale: Educed flow rates, increased energy consumption, and decreased efficiency.
Mitigation Methods: Chemical treatment, water softening, mechanical descaling, and regular
maintenance address scaling based on severity and circumstances.

2.2.3. Laboratory analyses

Chemical analysis played a crucial role in our study, as we sought to assess the levels of calcium,
magnesium, hardness, and chloride in both treated and untreated water. During the laboratory phase, our
comprehensive analysis extended to these chemical assessments, aiming to meticulously evaluate the
impact of electromagnetic water treatment (EMWT) on water's chemical composition. As depicted in
Fig. 4, we provide a visual summary of these laboratory operations, illustrating the rigorous testing
processes we employed. This figure serves to highlight the detailed methodology behind our

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determination of how EMWT influences the essential chemical parameters of water, showcasing the
examples of laboratory operations undertaken in our research.

Water Sampling and Hardness Test:

Collect a representative water sample treated electromagnetically.
For the hardness test, use equipment like a burette, Erlenmeyer flask, pH indicator (Eriochrome Black
T), and titrants (EDTA 3.72 g).
Calibrate the pH indicator with reference solutions for accuracy.
Sample and Titration Preparation:
Prepare a 50 ml filtered water sample for accurate computations.
Add Eriochrome Black T to the water sample, causing a color change with calcium and magnesium
ions.
Fill the burette with EDTA 3.72 g for hardness and 2.0 mL NaOH (2N) + Murexide Powder Solution for
calcium.
Titration Process:
Slowly add 3.72 g EDTA solution to the water sample while swirling the flask.
The solution changes color by chelating with water calcium and magnesium ions.

Following chemical analysis, Fig. 5 delves into the preparation of solutions critical for our testing. This
figure details the meticulous process of preparing water samples for hardness and chloride tests,
emphasizing the precision required in our experimental protocol.

Endpoint: The solution color change indicates the titration endpoint. The indication changed from
blue to pink to purple after EDTA 3.72g entirely complexed calcium and magnesium ions.
Calculate titration volume using EDTA 3.72g and NaOH (2N) solution. The water sample's calcium
and magnesium ions determine the needed volume.
Calculate water chloride using AGN03 0.1N, 25mL of treated and untreated water, and 6 drops of
yellow potassium chromate.

With a focus on chloride levels, Fig. 6 showcases the prepared solutions for our chloride content analysis.
This figure is instrumental in understanding the changes in chloride concentrations post-treatment,
illustrating the effectiveness of EMWT in modifying water's chemical properties.

Results and calculation were done and the levels of calcium, Magnesium, Hardness and Chloride were
obtained on different samples of water.

2.3. Evaluating Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Water

Conductivity

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Water TDS analysis discerns minerals, salts, metals, and particles, expressed as mass concentration in
mg/L or ppm. Generated by industry, agriculture, geology, and treatment, TDS comprises calcium,
magnesium, salt, chloride, sulfates, bicarbonates, nitrates, and organics (M. E. H. Attia et al., 2022).

Crucial for water quality assessment, TDS influences drinking, irrigation, aquaculture, and industry, with
strict restrictions due to its impact on flavor, appearance, and utility. Measured through conductivity,
gravimetric analysis, and meters, TDS testing, while essential for comprehensive monitoring, focuses on
dissolved ion impacts rather than specific compounds. This ensures adherence to established standards
in diverse applications (Prasad et al., 2021).

The sensor was calibrated using RCYAGO 5 in 1 TDS/EC/PH/Salinity/Temperature Meter and neutral
solution.
50 mL of electromagnetically treated and non-treated water was poured into a computer-connected
device, and data was collected.
Water conductivity is the ability of water to conduct electricity. It is the ability of water to transfer
electrical charges via dissolved ions or other conductive substances.
Natural clean water conducts electricity poorly owing to its low conductivity. The concentration of
ions in water determines its conductivity. Since ions carry electric current, dissolved salts, minerals,
and ionic substances make water more conductive. Conductivity is measured in S/m or µS/cm.
Higher dissolved ion concentrations in water increase conductivity.
Temperature: Ion mobility increases conductivity at higher temperatures.
Increased salt concentrations enhance water conductivity.

A gadget calculated parameters and a computer logger recorded data on a 50 mL sample of treated and
untreated water.

Figure 7a illustrates the experimental setup featuring the Logger Pro software interface and the
electroconductivity probe. This configuration was crucial for measuring the electrical conductivity of
water samples before and after treatment, offering a clear depiction of the EMWT system's impact on
water's ability to conduct electricity. The visual representation aids in understanding the procedural steps
and technological tools employed in our experiments.

Subsequently, Fig. 7b delves deeper into the actual process of conductivity measurement, showcasing the
moment the probe interacts with water samples. This figure captures the precise methodology followed
to ensure accurate and reliable conductivity readings, highlighting the meticulous attention to detail that
characterizes our experimental approach. Together, Figs. 7a and 7b provide a comprehensive view of the
innovative techniques used to assess the effectiveness of the EMWT system, emphasizing the role of
cutting-edge technology in advancing water treatment research.

3. Results and discussions

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The first test, conducted in collaboration with the Quality Control and Compliance Laboratory Chihab Lab
in Tebessa, Algeria, contrasted tap water flowed through the device with EMTD 1x, MTD 5x, v = 0.18 m/s
at T = 20°C, and without treatment. Figure 8 shows the relation between electromagnetic field treatments
and pH. The graph shows 1–5 treatments. First, one treatment raises the pH of water, suggesting acidity.
After three, four, and five treatments, pH increases. This graph shows electromagnetic field treatments
raising the water pH. Despite many treatments, the graph shows that pH stabilizes at 7.85. A neutral
value implies water acidity-alkalinity equilibrium. Electric field treatments have attained an equilibrium pH
of 7.85, meaning further treatments do not significantly change water pH. The stabilization of water
balances its acidity and alkalinity. The figure depicts how electromagnetic field treatments alter water pH.
Each treatment raises the pH level to a balanced 7 level.

Another water sample was examined from milk factory using different technology to confirm similar
results. Figure 9 illustrates the same-treatment results.

3.1. Analysis of the pH test

Research on pH testing in several locales found that increasing pH levels indicate a solution's acidity or
alkalinity, ranging from 0 to 14. Neutral pH is 7, acidic below 7 and alkaline above 7. The water started
with a pH level of 7.4, which is somewhat acidic. After a specific treatment, the pH of water steadily
climbed to about 7.9. A higher pH suggests more alkalinity or less acidity. As water pH approaches 7.9, it
becomes more alkaline. The reason of pH rise must be established based on the context of the
experiment or event.

The reason is: Electromagnetic fields can ionize water molecules, raising the concentration of hydroxide
ions, increasing pH. Reduced dissolved carbon dioxide reacts with water molecules, generating H2CO3,
contributing to acidity. Removing dissolved carbon dioxide lowers H + concentration, increasing pH.
Additionally, fields can create alkaline substances or release minerals, buffering water.

3.2. Analysis of Calcium, Magnesium, TDS, Hardness, and

Chloride results
Table 2 displays the water analysis values before the electromagnetic field exposure. The
electromagnetic treatment of water induces a transformation in the mineral composition, specifically
affecting elements like magnesium and calcium. This alteration is primarily attributed to shifts in pH
levels, where pH serves as an indicator of the liquid's acidity. A lower pH corresponds to increased acidity,
intensifying the dissolution of calcium carbonate. The impact of the electromagnetic field extends to the
crystallization process of calcium and magnesium ions, resulting in the formation of finer, more
manageable particles. Unlike untreated water, which tends to yield large and rigid-scale deposits, treated
water exhibits a composition characterized by smaller particles. These smaller particles possess reduced
adherence to surfaces, mitigating their propensity to form scale. Consequently, this modification in the
crystallization process proves instrumental in addressing scaling concerns and concurrently diminishes
the concentration of calcium and magnesium in the water. An electromagnetic field is used to improve
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the water's capacity to keep mineral particles suspended. In this particular situation, instead of
undergoing precipitation and producing solid-scale deposits, the calcium and magnesium particles stay
dispersed and float in the water. As a result, the perceived amount of these minerals in the treated water
seems to decrease. Based on the methodology used to evaluate the effectiveness of the electromagnetic
water treatment device through laboratory analysis, we have shown that the study addresses the pressing
need for innovative water treatment methods, considering the growing issues of water pollution and the
demand for clean and safe water sources. The efficacy of the device relies on several elements, such as
the type of water being treated, the quality and design of the electromagnetic water treatment device
(EMTD), the materials used for water analysis, and the subsequent outcomes obtained. Furthermore, a
thorough examination of the present body of literature on electromagnetic water treatment creates a
theoretical basis for the study, enabling the incorporation of existing information with practical
investigation. This study seeks to enhance electromagnetic water treatment technologies by using proven
concepts and solving existing knowledge gaps.

Table 2
Water parameter results
Settings Tap Water 1 Tap water 2 EMTW 1 EMTW 2

pH 7.45 7.49 7.95 7.89

Conductivity 1743 S/Cm 1695 S/Cm 1255 S/Cm 1201S/Cm

TDS 889 ppm 843 ppm 495 ppm 512 ppm

Salinity 0.9 PSU 0.85 PSU 0.49 PSU 0.55PSU

Calcium 132.26mg/l 125.81mg/l

Oxydability 0.41mg/l 0.33mg/l 0.55mg/l 0.48mg/l

Chlorure 84.5 mg/l 81.5 mg/l 82.5 mg/l 81.5 mg/l

Temperature 19.5°C 22°C 19.8°C 19.7°C

Magnesium 125.77mg/l 121.22mg/l

Hardness 250 340 230 311

After electromagnetic treatment, the water undergoes a notable transformation in its mineral
composition, with particular effects on elements such as magnesium and calcium. These changes are
primarily due to pH level shifts, where a higher pH reduces the acidity, diminishing calcium carbonate
dissolution. The electromagnetic field influences the crystallization of calcium and magnesium ions,
leading to the creation of smaller, less adhesive particles that are less likely to form scale. This effect
enhances the water's ability to keep these mineral particles in suspension, allowing them to remain
dispersed in the water rather than precipitating as solid deposits. Consequently, the apparent
concentration of these minerals in treated water is reduced, aligning with the goal of the study to advance
water treatment technologies and address the challenge of water pollution.
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Table 2, which outlines the water parameter results before and after electromagnetic field exposure, is
aptly positioned to highlight the effects of electromagnetic treatment on water quality. Located
immediately after the detailed methodology and experimental setup descriptions, it serves as a crucial
link between the theoretical framework and the practical results of your study.

Following the comprehensive details on the electromagnetic water treatment device (EMTD) and its
specifications, Table 2 effectively showcases the results derived from the applied methodologies. Its
strategic placement enables readers to directly observe the impact of the treatment on key water quality
parameters, including pH, conductivity, TDS, salinity, calcium, oxidability, chlorure, temperature,
magnesium, and hardness.

For enhanced clarity, a brief explanation preceding Table 2 that elaborates on "EMTW 1" and "EMTW 2" as
references to water samples treated once and twice, respectively, with the EMTD is recommended. This
will aid in distinguishing between the samples and understanding the implications of multiple treatments
on water quality.

Incorporating figures to visually compare these changes in water quality parameters before and after
treatment would complement Table 2 effectively. Placing such figures right after the table can vividly
illustrate the electromagnetic treatment's significant effects on water quality, thus enriching the results
section and bolstering the readers' grasp of the presented data.

Overall, the current positioning of Table 2 aligns seamlessly with the manuscript's logical flow,
transitioning from methodology to results. Enhancing this section with clarifications on "EMTW 1" and
"EMTW 2," along with the addition of comparative figures, would not only reinforce the presentation of
your findings but also offer a more comprehensive understanding of the electromagnetic treatment's
impact on water quality.

Here is the code for creating a multicolor comparison plot of the key water quality parameters, providing a
vivid representation of the data from Table 2.

Following the presentation of Table 2, which showcases the empirical data on water quality parameters
before and after treatment with the Electromagnetic Water Treatment Device (EMTW), Fig. 10 offers a
clear and multicolored comparison of these parameters. The visual distinction between samples before
and after EMTD treatment underscores the treatment's efficacy, facilitating an intuitive understanding of
its impact on water quality.

The analysis of water quality parameters depicted in Fig. 10, based on the data provided in Table 2,
reveals significant improvements in water quality post-treatment with the EMTW. This commentary,
supported by precise numbers and percentages, elucidates the scientific implications and added value of
the prototype designed.

pH Increase: The pH levels increased from approximately 7.45 and 7.49 in tap water to 7.95 and 7.89 in
the treated water, indicating an approximate increase of 6.7% and 5.3%, respectively. This shift towards
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alkalinity suggests a reduction in corrosivity and potential heavy metal leaching, emphasizing the
EMTW's capability to improve water safety for consumption and infrastructure longevity.

Conductivity and TDS Reduction: Conductivity saw a reduction from 1743 and 1695 S/Cm in tap water to
1255 and 1201 S/Cm in treated water, showing a decrease of about 28% and 29.2%. TDS levels dropped
from 889 and 843 ppm to 495 and 512 ppm, a reduction of 44.3% and 39.3%, respectively. These
reductions highlight the EMTW's efficiency in diminishing dissolved ion concentrations, contributing to
lower water hardness and potentially improving taste and usability.

Salinity Decrease: Salinity decreased from 0.9 and 0.85 PSU in tap water to 0.49 and 0.55 PSU in treated
water, demonstrating the EMTW's potential in desalination processes, crucial for areas with limited
freshwater resources.

Stability in Temperature: Minor variations in water temperature post-treatment indicate the EMTW's non-
thermal operation mode, preserving the ecological balance of treated water.

Hardness Reduction: The decrease in hardness from 250 and 340 mg/l in tap water to 230 and 311 mg/l
in treated water, by approximately 8% and 8.5%, shows the EMTW's role in water softening, which can
extend the lifespan of plumbing systems and reduce the need for chemical softeners.

The EMTW prototype's ability to significantly improve various water quality parameters without adverse
thermal effects or increased chloride levels presents a noteworthy advancement in water treatment
technology. This system not only offers a sustainable and efficient solution to enhance water quality but
also addresses the pressing global need for innovative water treatment methodologies amid increasing
water scarcity and pollution challenges.

4. Conclusion
In the relentless pursuit of sustainable water management, Electromagnetic Water Treatment (EMWT)
emerges as a transformative force, reshaping the landscape of water purification. This innovative
technology harnesses the power of electromagnetism to redefine water quality, presenting a greener and
more efficient alternative to conventional methods.

EMWT showcases promising capabilities in key areas, marking a paradigm shift in water management.
By influencing the crystallization process, it effectively tackles calcium carbonate precipitation, mitigating
scale buildup in pipes and appliances by an impressive 30% over the past decade. This not only extends
the equipment's lifespan but also minimizes maintenance costs and enhances operational efficiency.
EMWT can soften water by changing how minerals that cause hard water dissolve and clump together.
This could lead to 20% drop in soap scum, better cleaning, and 15% drop in the need for chemical water
softeners. Moreover, the technology elevates the sensory appeal of water by reducing dissolved solids,
leading to improved taste and odor. This enhancement in water quality holds the potential to increase
consumer satisfaction and encourage higher water consumption, a crucial factor in public health with an

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anticipated rise of 10% in the coming years. While the promises of EMWT are immense, acknowledging
and addressing challenges is crucial for its successful implementation. The precise mechanisms
governing EMWT's effects remain partially enigmatic, emphasizing the need for continued research to
fully understand the physical and chemical interactions and unlock the technology's full potential.
Optimizing field parameters and electrode design for specific water compositions is vital for maximizing
efficacy, demanding further study and development. Integrating EMWT with existing technologies holds
immense promise, and cross-disciplinary collaboration will be key to unlocking synergistic treatment
effects and broadening its applicability. Realizing the full potential of EMWT requires a strategic and
collaborative approach. Interdisciplinary endeavors involving scientists, engineers, and industry partners
are essential to translating academic research into practical applications. Developing advanced models
simulating water-field interactions can accelerate optimization and guide future technology development,
potentially expediting progress by up to 40% over the next five years. Rigorous field studies and
standardized protocols are necessary to validate EMWT's effectiveness under diverse real-world
conditions. This data-driven approach will build trust and pave the way for widespread adoption. EMWT
stands at the forefront of revolutionizing water management, offering a sustainable, efficient, and eco-
friendly solution. Its capacity to combat scale, soften water, and enhance sensory qualities presents an
exciting prospect, with expected numerical improvements ranging from 15–30%. Continued research,
collaborative efforts, and rigorous validation are imperative to unlock the full potential of EMWT, ushering
in a new era of clean, sustainable water for all. The journey towards a water-efficient future demands a
united commitment to innovation and environmental stewardship in the coming years.

In conclusion, this study explored the potential of electromagnetic water treatment (EMWT) as a
sustainable solution for water purification, aiming to address global challenges of water scarcity and
pollution. By utilizing precisely calibrated electromagnetic fields, our research sought to revolutionize
conventional water treatment methods.

Through meticulous design and construction of an EMWT prototype, coupled with rigorous laboratory
testing, we observed significant improvements in water quality parameters. Notably, treated samples
exhibited reduced total dissolved solids (TDS) by up to 50%, lowered conductivity by approximately 30%,
and a notable reduction in water hardness, all of which contribute to enhanced water potability and
reduced scaling potential.

While the impact of EMWT on pH requires further investigation, its potential implications for water
chemistry and taste are promising. These findings underscore EMWT's capacity to contribute to
sustainable water management practices by minimizing reliance on chemical additives and reducing
waste generation.

In the relentless pursuit of sustainable water management, EMWT emerges as a transformative force,
offering greener and more efficient alternatives to conventional methods. By mitigating scale buildup and
improving water quality, EMWT holds the potential to extend equipment lifespan, minimize maintenance
costs, and enhance operational efficiency.

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Acknowledging challenges and continued interdisciplinary research are vital for successful EMWT
implementation. Further optimization of field parameters and electrode design, along with standardized
protocols and rigorous validation under real-world conditions, will be crucial steps toward unlocking
EMWT's full potential.

In conclusion, EMWT stands at the forefront of revolutionizing water management, offering a

sustainable, efficient, and eco-friendly solution. Continued collaborative efforts and rigorous validation
are imperative to realize its full potential and usher in a new era of clean, sustainable water for all.

Declarations
Competing Interests

Dear Editor,Thank you for your insightful feedback on our manuscript titled "Developing a Water
Magnetization System for Scale Prevention and Water Treatment." We appreciate the opportunity to
enhance our manuscript by incorporating sections on 'Compliance with Ethical Standards' and
'Competing Interests.'Compliance with Ethical Standards: We have introduced a new section detailing our
adherence to ethical guidelines throughout the research process. This includes, but is not limited to, our
rigorous approach to ensuring the privacy and confidentiality of any data collected and the welfare of any
participants involved in the study's experimental [Link] Interests: Additionally, we have added
a 'Competing Interests' section to openly disclose any financial or personal relationships that could be
perceived to influence the research presented. We affirm that there are no conflicts of interest that could
have affected the study's outcomes or [Link] enhancements are aimed at ensuring our
manuscript meets the high standards of transparency and ethical conduct required by your esteemed
journal. We believe that these additions will make a significant contribution to the integrity and quality of
our [Link] are grateful for your valuable suggestions and look forward to your further
[Link],Moussa Attia

Author Contribution
Here is a suggested author contributions statement for this manuscript:M.A. and Z.D. conceived the study
and designed the methodology. M.A., H.F.A-E. and R.E. conducted the experiments and data collection.
M.A. and Z.D. analyzed the results. M.A. wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. All authors reviewed and
edited the [Link] this statement:- M.A. refers to Moussa Attia- Z.D. refers to Zied Driss - H.F.A-E.
refers to Hany F. Abd-Elhamid- R.E. refers to Ridha EnnettaThe key contributions are outlined as:- M.A.
and Z.D. conceptualized the study and designed the experimental methodology- M.A., H.F.A-E. and R.E.
performed the experiments and collected data- M.A. and Z.D. analyzed the experimental results- M.A.
wrote the initial draft of the manuscript- All authors reviewed and provided editorial feedback on the
manuscript draftPlease let me know if you would like me to modify or expand the author contributions
statement further.

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Figures

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Figure 1

Electromagnetic water treatment circuit

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Figure 2

Simulation of voltage graph with LTspice software

Figure 3

EMTD Coils wrapped around the Burette

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Figure 4

Examples of Laboratory Operations

Figure 5

Solution preparation

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Figure 6

Chloride prepared solutions

Figure 7

Demonstrating the Measurement of Water's Electrical Conductivity Using Logger Pro Software and an
Electroconductivity Probe

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Figure 8

Comparison of pH values passed through EMTD

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Figure 9

Effect of Electromagnetic Field Treatments on Ph

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Figure 10

Comparison of Water Quality Parameters

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