CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS IL AEACTION a process in whtch See clara ore formed. cei, Eourfons:~ chemical Reaction “Sih moron emule aly ¢ ong, —y 240 (Reactenh) (produ) soluble in water es BALANCE Narre of Ors of ec) element 4 hepial austen should be same at nga us me ‘rugs bp —9 0p + by Bchnca? Seacare olte equ! ei Todi be oq! bi ase okie ‘Tiek:= «it Satonee Metale ame. a. Ah Mgutin cuca, Pore gang on-Metae Tite Balance orygenthen Zn 4 aH] ——> Znchaths ‘arbttny,——> 2700 +402 am TYPES OF cHeMTcaL REACTION t= (ALCoMBINATION REACTION "Yoo or Mme Reactant combine fo form single product i aMgos to angio 19 — oe /Dazating wh te | segue ‘Heat Evolved - Gxothewnic Reaction. (ii) Ca0ce) +H3008)—» CadltnRg) (Quickline) (Staked ime) «Buichlime veack vigatouslycolth oui prasiyio" dhise iniemperahrse (excthermicr") example of combination and Exothermic reaction. ii) c+ Oagp—> 028) (asningofee) (6) DECOMPOSITION REACTION ‘one Reactants breaks into two ermore products. (oThermal Decomposition Thermolysis~ breaks due toheat. aang) thst y cass e009) ftimng =? “euktne) © esoy(s) Healy Fezoge) #502"S00 Greeny (Red/Grocon) uae Pf adh tone) All Bare Thermal Decom position and endothermic Reaction. 1 S09) + SOuK) axe air pollutant. (2) Electrolysis Decompesition Electrolysis breakaduetoekttric reutrenit Hoty) Hectaclysis pata gn + o3c) Wolume of gas Hy:03 22: J ferse water (6 poot conductor of elechicity shar pew dtop of acids & added, Which acts as electrolyle and Soda elecktily. te Ahode “Oxygen (31,photochentical Decomposition Photolysic- Breaks due tolight 2h | SUB 2A et + Claeg) tae tao agar Auli 2896) +8309) (yer) Conep) Used In Black and White . 0 arogaphy (c) DISPLAGEMENT. REACTION « Move reactive element Replace «less Reedttve elementfrom iis compound: atge——> act B as @Reacttyityseries— Potassium Kudi sodium Neal (Na) Galeium car (ca) Magnesium Mango. flmuntur a (80 zine zixo (ZA Tron Fir (fe Lead lehar (8) Hydrogen tum (4) coppet chale (ew Merairy Mathuraty silver sam (anr | less, Gold. Gihumne ih [TEeHY® ese © Fels) + cusoy.e + cusoy cea) Fesoytay) + cuts) (Gireen) (Red VBrouon arin + 6524tay! 1 a4 19 tice! tarot Bost Ris) Heston) 4 Ma Ha et Hugs is celles apd adalss br with AP sand end eves baring andl. erp [Link] ts highly enatherme. + Nessa tty Busge+Ne ‘rome | sean) SOW «Fuses #2KZE0y1—> EWE lesdnhale Pern (08, ‘ounce ee fel op dike dgpaceent aed cosLNEAT IN_REACTIONS $- (A) Exothermic Reaction A+ —— ¢ ¥ Heat (Respiration +Gtlucose t 02 —» Coatgitthoullréneny (2) Burm ing of natera + CHulg) + 02> Coat Haotg)t Heat (3) Decomposition of vegetables into campost (8) Endothermle Reaction Ato —Hest 5 ¢ © All Examples of Decomposition Reactton + Afecoy Heat + ferogcsy tsoxtgitso3eq) + cacoy(s) Heat Cao ¢ C0219) reacrion REDOKREACNON The Reaction inwhich oxidation and Reduction accuse. Oxidation xxif achemtical(a} loss of elechon Nea ‘of Oxygert . Joss OF Hy agen His called oxidation of and ‘A’ is said tobe oxfdised. Cujs) + o2ig) Heat, cuo(s) Reduction ip chemical(B)<—> Gain ope loss of 02 (oxy en) itis called Giaing of Reduction of 8 Hyermge and ‘8! is said to be Reduced. CUO(S) +Halq Heat 5 cuesytHy0 01 +e, Zn t co a 0) % CORROSION 3- When a metal is attacked by substances around itsuch as moistare (water vapour toxygen), acid etc. tts said to be corsade and his process ts called Corrosion. Examples of corrosion:~ ideated Reddish Brown (oRusting of tron - My Te raat ust) ey Taxnishing of copper oreen (3) Tarnishing of silver- Black & Rancipity {The tasie ersmell of Food ‘material containing atioil changes when it {s leet exposed to alr for alongtime- yoxidation ofattoil present in food matertat . causes Rancidity. Prevention = (Antioxidants QyAtt tight Contain ex (@)Bags of chips (Flushed with Na gas! Pasi CHANGE AND CHEMICAL, CHANGE ‘+Nochemtcal Reactonharpens.¥ » 9 chemical yeacton ha “ew chemical (s formed. shape sizes colour ek i ‘es aio change + Boiling water fromthe + Bunn : 11 of paper. evapaating dish. + fermentation of grapes. + Melting of ee fo givewntes.f + souting ormitke scurrd_ fem milk lelept in + Metting of wax = enshing a pajercap. $2200" ming stm «+ crytallisaton Bust iaves, + Fosd cooking. + chemical BaheryusageAcips. Bases ANDSALTS | ficip = A substance that ives Haq) ag only +¥@ ion in aqueous solution . example Hels Ha6O4sHh0n ‘GHacooH (acelte acid) ‘elds ave sourtkbate) in-toste CivAcids fuss blue litmus ved- BASE :- A substance which increase Hydrony ions on fay) in ajucous a * ei Exarmple~” NaOH, Kon, no (i Bitte theoapy ofeach tiv Base fans xed litmusblue THbIcATORS |= Tells wheeler « substance isacid or base. Diieins Bese As Trtmus “Blue Red Turmeric Red fellow Prenephhelein ie cloules Weipyorrge yen Red ‘trick-> LaBouR TRY PoPCorn with MaYoR (ute sen seria pen saat Shere ro aortic tedied Pure water hae no eyeet on coleue oF ius. Summ nikanes ees oboe ‘et edour changes iN idle of basic medfum . seal Of ania essence lve Acid AND BASEIN WATER. duce Hi 0 fide produce in in. ous, Hy60y #0 > a4fagn Soe” Hey Hho» Haq rel” HY Eto — 30" ion Haq =Hy0t_gives common properites to atl acids. _peecrion with METAL Prepavation cf Hel gas'= Metal Acidtdil) —» salt rH? ANatekagy Figsayezonc) easoqty + ancl cg) Mmostheadtive Heteg_ sty flue nochange Ke taang Hele mit ed enlane Ca (calcium) cas atkalis~ some bases are wale Mg( Magnesium ) Mang soluble. these qre calted Alkalies. Arc Aluminium) Ato Naottts) Had» Natiaqy roritaqa %n (zinc) zen Kort) hd» Keg tori tay) aa Ferret Example NooH, KOH, NHy(OM) Hf (Hydrogen) Oi All Bases ave notwatersdluble tat ceppent ig + Bases butrot alkali - : pent alls Hg (Mercury) | rain is.q hiahh Ag (silyer) silver Spibfiemie, fi (Gold) Audi lessReachve Always add actd slow'yto woater volth constant stiering. igaates fs added ta concentrated did he heat generaked may cause the mixture tp splash out and cause burns -The glass container also break due tohect| qiven out. Tick och Ets Acid and @ikell+ Electric cursent? clef current threughthe slutron Ig carvied by fons. ‘esauton offclds'= Hel Hy60q, HNO and cHyCocH generates ions and prepaseton of Hydvogen gat on zr tht sat Te a a zee ig aie coloured sal elle a ies une soit pop sound and shape Cadrgunner «conde = Gl ie but et supper oF eamouston Metal tase ——> salt ¢ anoiagy aney—> aoa tat * 7 feodium eines) ‘+ Does not happen with au mete! =~ NeuTRatiseTion. ¢— Feld Base ——— lh ater «Her ag taney —> Nec 0 + Hisby + Cacorly, ———> Casout H20 hence they clnductelectrielty. sis anne loot, Metaloxide +ficld ——p Satt tater Kors MgcoH),, NHyoH and hence canoe evens conduct elecifcity. ge +H cuctnegp tthe eeu — ecg ‘sGilucse, Alcohol dp not enerate nee Pence do natlcontuct electricity. + Gienzralymetolonde ave bess in nate Aetzuse! they react wih eld fo ge Bait and wd vNonttetalonide tose Salt etacer fsoyroyicounond 23 beacaHzag ——p.Cneo9 a0 + Genera -meoloside ave aiden ese. they vecct wil base felgive salt and ter paid Metagntencteti sue, salt cont Hoo cogtums lime eater ily. cong carors, ——» Hao ‘imewaied sau r at (certo on pasting exces segues . ovo tiocon_—penmtnte) Nagéog2Hc1— Nacht Hooke strengthogdcid and Base pilsr(totenz Power H-> Hydrogen Measure Hteagiions concentration fa soluton. pi ranges prom o verysette) fo 4 Very basic) a pid» Hffegyt + fidie™ pH y Base ‘Substance eghich detectnahrre ogchen las acid or base anys tmonaure shreng pH paper otra serevwnane HEED) 000 Cone a a sd ney nn Se pecs fs. pieaklicdd = CH; 00H (Meelteaetdds Mig ec entom Gibby orp ads naturel ese) «Sines br nce ein. a) hc Fe cancer ofan Meats gy ZatycUOn= Fees. sie eee cencenbaton of OH ons. salts? eee thier, shyt hg gce —s Nel sel 1 Hegktetd stongtase eben svcd nhs — patie BD ty ou 7 or shiny sere eee — ASIA creche ag fa nmmetprmnrma Temitinad-tetena- smc tran ee eer Wat dayne Poona sc ep Commonsalt (acl) { Roch att) = © a ‘chiar ange nt aay SEM Ba Chott 17d» Posture cere Cina> cathade Hydrogen Noon «pound in depots inched t REOSTRSTET oe vu cher {2)Bleaching pouoder (cadets) eae —9 cent wesc wes ti Bleachin, eatin and line tooed pu ingore fi creat 1g washe clothes. oni tiMake ace fas germs nea). a suport wie Hit ie souk eats gry FS a sore se su ae ee cake oahing poder’ inter ahingseda #Tarke ld sey tH caso salt tise byeader cole tovise “hating er capt evepengy (a) lashing [Link]}a0) 2NaHco3 Hea! Naaeoy tro teza NaaCos foto —+ Naxtopotta0 twee, soap andpape in lass, soap andpaper Indus Remon tat cma hardoet. aTea of CRsTALLZATION: « pised numb of wnfer melecles present {mone formula anit of salt 1 cusoy smn ccarrer sulphate Crh} 1 Fg Tho Cereus sulphate Cysts) 2 C250q-D30 | GryPsUY + Hala oot oangcte Sot decalyrate) cag peal» egy Bn ee gat tt, Ce sR peat Paste of Ris 2-170 atau hho — Hhik paler 373k a casey re S73, spor cgi orca ime Hea eed ering eg, rans” meee a aEMetals and Non-Metal ns . nue yes yen wince cere traken haces aggrayite Seert shat ‘ Se cae ca ne arte she nate ens sis hen a rae PONT tt a heme ecu 4 ft eg (Prevents azesenta tics Peat pt cet Metal orygen—e eax “Reacien with cide = nenedhieledt hei one maar vera inc sa HH tek Saute entuemonne agen He Mp TA tis ae ah tnt ger ert i uh pour AM + Hyety—s ~ensoy ME Sie aah eaten “ma ienbe wheeiae ae ey No renon POP fe et mt @ Gan an Het» aMhoy ractive metaly= more heat evolved Ke bien. Mey = ‘+ tuminions burns with a built ane ae eee wae, conn ° Sera rateci etary tty 208 fanen te ai Biche {oe nee a + done pet ber. tekectonghone) hugyratecehed wien rata fase money rok ‘eld andslver donot react withongen a eageaiea Pie te ‘coovathightenpeare Vretdicr bk may plodand he re Seinen Flame Test Important peint (Exception) on METAS ‘low boty coe sou scr ofhal ebas- titan ae co oft utaneeaoe that they can be cut with @ knife (also Od and cs) {ey calm coral and cesium (ee) very Pig teoa enue pai : cna fot eda oe Thi ration can be uso en are tena ea recent Teadthay fa poor conduct of ease Fe 7 Mou-MéTmus sifodine and Get are rh er ampere eae ceblamand foro cosban = ris nr teva Rerdest Katara! subatance it Rekha tiene aed it hae high wenger sling epee Nook ters rein fr cries Aaceeaphite (peumog caronnis a EUnet iste, fondu lecny epee oan Nanda tuceger and Aluiniam eve sal aking coking vewole Tey fae ted gee Feige V4 oe iy fem igh fed te eh er ching pal). A aN —y na i (worsen fs 9 cone metal at ean Hekinscter—> Hebtesie? eit ferent me eh cae) ie caled an slehre.. Fame oa ont tender fated [Eq Grraphite, Diamonds coat Shartmacasioan antec Jali oes, oven cota vets ore ea rc, peyionert eect pores eteion ara amen see ane at actos Ne text sila, —o aot V0 —rAhon sneer titan comune ot Whe ao Feat See rgd nem une Tempel eictrevalent compara.. (niminerale:— elemeats Formation of Magnesium chloride (M4=) aag(tt) — 28.2 ext) — 20,7 Mg —— Mg’? « 20° cite — cr siehotd amputee eghislamen tt oe ater real ne pleces cf pressure 1© gies (atlave High Melting od Bailing pair’ a ited te strong intertonie xdeneraly stale it ane bab Test male ihe hese peal kt Ste state da net conduc ts fone cannot move Because cheng elechostate foe Maen state Heat Energ, ethers the shang electrostatic (eee Tieactod “and tene an ale peeiy hen In mater Sat ctu clecily Th aquesus solutes conduct OBheaticty’ ac sutton of tonic ‘Seen i tater onfane lor. vr mie haya eee Ce ate eae eta Extraction of Metals campourdt ‘ohich eccut natty Io earths erst (Orec hese mineral which contin sp hapg ofngrtes eb find feta con be ‘yitaly extract ‘fine cad ore wa mn bls Fi peadktve sconever tel areas ae Baty ad x of] ssecntutse fey aeeiber neat dee aor band eati HAA eae hee 5 Op Meal edie a) cece Pt J tow in Ativibylerte simeng be» Middle ey pe gl ie vt “ end eee ese cutee npn a eg so meaty Nea reer Ste naveieiaes catenin Han catanle ome stan i wzneo, Hete"Znd tee Na, unl i reducedcemenl sent Wameancece, Fhe" Sad rw anak See er aah Tsu Minton ce Hr ele tn Ses tt Ni A sexe DNacl SHER Aegining of Melee sieht ae aye ean vee Seige een ey The mat crime mated ee ep Tei Roche repnlg et A Bande + Par capitan sehten A aedeepinet amo pe SeienE er cca” SRA hes ete ated Dy sich ‘grand sithae Te Geant Seed Granpies— Bet oeaho—> 2 fexdyaho ByTaralchingepeoppey a psilver :> Gamasion ie an Me tain" emamrest Beutse Huot Cealg) > cueoary elon Preverttion o} corttsion + a; coi Teaching Sete 1 redising (oalenistin “fend ran amend “fin yer wp sit be tho elect TIE Uaee nt change ponent yet ™ ‘red ing 2 ng ahah rrgstnttin fleet BP tera retbeac n _Milog’= arogens mises apna ge on seeceting prima el seroy zat air elements ved pedprtone sean to room emperor scent Teprpetes op ey is dit Fite mele prom hich it SSiainen et rem «aaah nove sort and sheches © asi “chen Wi pe rent carbon (Shc Mare and beng irc cantar fi tastainlen eleel-+ Alloy of Fo=C a cetemigan ly nshichene meh ioe tobess nee h f2e et og fytoer sels gap tord Te (otter (hah lg send eat tm— Al fegoat A— laa fs teat eve veacton (= sohigh Te ate eect heat alventbut cay metal in moflen staf Pine maton metal is used to Bin vallsay tracks ov eracked Shachine path This reaction Te kngan Yas thermitteachonCARBON AND iTs COMPOUNDS Cathen~ Namin: * : oie is learn a Ic-Meth «oer “Baain lege odel 26 ac- eth FoHlept -cian ot a epee feo bak, ee ee Boliie ie Pent cee "Sine Capeee Rae Catton Gabon single bend = Suche 4x60 carbon shates 4 and aloays Fort covalent bonds and coudlent compounds. erties of Covalet Gatbon Carbon single bond - ane, Alkanes. cae om ~ “HH Formula CoHant? ttf ic (oGienerally Poor conductor ofelectricity. Carbon Carbon doublebond sen ibsingt of ions. titap and Bali Alkene (iiGtenerally lows melting and Botin TUnnt] oe Tye al ‘poinis. "§ ‘t | LE ute Because they have wealt Antermole- An Oe cular porets. rome] oN ew ‘e fomation ofcis * at ae Arie welerenshell ERT eR ie Se) weno ci ELL omc Femaki= Catan ae le carton Crbontripleond a Ott) =26 To alton stability ‘needs ge" inlast/Valencechell. oo oo autiefavalent Bene new Penne" W—cae Fosmnula:- Ca¥ian-2 Finctionat Group tahich ane atom sahi Gta Gliwisl proper fo ‘compound: ee ene era Sone theta abo cach Sm, OEY hn qr oe = ty fiuare> cation cy eye HES, yy cay came Stems Qa deem avi compe os eee rae hy eRe LD 2g ending the ers COI is roe nane tevcherical properties are are got a herologous eston-chemizal propertee ate sare because af functional rea shih email some ais. Tsomets:~ compeunds with same ‘rolecatar ore but different Strictre and this phene enon is called isomerism. tw Butane (yer ET et atte, (0 Ne raigttehaln feta eaHeo $: cwiignnee gy rent wore Bhs pranone oneinantacled Crnpears LOUPSETESS- hich hg Cbon Fetnek bas cater: Grten Sabon boa Firges bands ely ‘finetende de ewene dene cge =. & 4 Readiveunstable. 4 ae Reacive Bing op carbon, woe i a Ey WEE AS WH i. » teeny Ko aSatonlel mpd Ag i 7" 4 4 (Ho Allotropy— «The phenomenar ofa ener ifs attire farms yohleh have diferent Phys! properties buf dental chen teal properties. © carb ist in digperent gorm: danse ie beter cnt ite Tek Pheomenan Is called allstrephy and these dipgerent foms ie ‘cated allohopes, stoi scot and spray. + Dlamsand is hardest cubstan Satenation— cee * propert of ethan nel (oreian—en HN theia 1 sete or OS (sodiamethodey are eerersoeien citys FRO (ethenet rear ae ATuannle clo tehrcoen ‘Reaction of Acid ——4 H'ionselease 1 orton "ss gas ei aren? (as 64 Rega suzy atamneronine eK (ret ra) toons Nancas ——> cognate tne a ett ts Totfercos.e Tums limesoater i ‘end mikiness dive passing excess of go (0 ester etramiuadd + tnal nga ges seb meas so Ese ap ue rls, lnk and germ tong Sethe expan ‘fame, Estnched chain of carbon aioms or ving of "arbor afema one is the blagestveason thal carhon brs milo ‘compounds. per clothes, tunten Bed cifeantaine eaubon cor tune K carbon forms four covalent [Link] to small size of carbgn it's compounds are highly stable. SERRE ieeerd to sent Ester Naot matagicen oacgteh + hen Addition Reaction ‘= ee “uate ene Age Cham cH, + Ha Elle coi Fonte chan ee. ce, “Hatton: in eign “canta used in gdrgenaomoy Coeliac) emimuntoicoical, she she she ake Substitation Reaction’ for sotaeted campeunds kane Satta HS test Her Teta eckred compound ae esrreache. Combustion t= ncampete cient ny opin cos trio Feat hut 0; ——> caursoe teat euyenen am ——p 26 Sebi cates hte tir Ser d mecca hpi is called Det on a ce Fy ile ia pete we [Link] adele (aerate Sibemngeth) eres tone arly ere ‘ coast ONE | lear ar ez cikrn ete ina Shrboiyle acide? Prema econ sand axe oid srt she sea ioe thea ekten arated “iis arog. lsoppors- cet ofthe diet fol Head - Towatde ienier Tall = Taweets ol Micelles ater that contains ‘of callum and Ma salts, bicarbanates, chlorides, ‘sulphates - sat sey seanghreg gaat erat RET puna am pst th omen, Detergents ret ae or nesta an ist co eee werk well volfh herd ube ee ote ala