Lesson 1: Timeline History - Internalization of production,

finance, power, combine the spread

 Pre-Historic World
ideologies, values, and consumption
- 3000 BCE
patterns around the world (Robert
- Small groups
Cox)
- Survival and subsistence
- Made of stone, wood, bones
 Ancient World
Lesson 2: Ideologies of Globalism
- 3000-500
- Agriculture and development Ideologies
- Roman Empire
- Virtue - System of widely shared ideas,
 Medieval World patterned beliefs, guiding norms,
- 500-1500 (Dark Ages) and values, and ideals accepted as
- Universalism of Roman Empire truth by some groups.
- Dominated by Budal System - Ideologies offer individuals a more
 Eastern World or less coherent picture of the
- Science and knowledge world not only as it is, but also as it
 Early Modern Period ought to be.
- 1500-1800 - Central to any analysis of ideologies
- Renaissance is proposition that they are
 Modern Period characterized by morphology
- 1800 CE - Present (Freeden, 1996)
- Industrial Evolution - The term “ideology” was first
- Four Industrial Evolution (AI) coined by Antoine Destutt de
 Post Modern World Tracy. (Mapping system of truth
- 20th century and select privilege)
- Interconnected

Paul Ricoeur Three Historical elements and

Globalization Functions of Ideology

- Expansion and intensification of  Distortion of Reality

social relation and consciousness - Production of contorted images of
- The Global Village social reality
 Issue of Legitimacy/Legitimization
Social Relations - 2 factors (the claim to legitimacy
made by the ruling authority and
- Integration of markets, nation state,
the belief in the authority’s
and technologies that enable
legitimacy granted by its subject)
everyone to reach faster and
 Integration
deeper across the globe (Theodor
- Clifford Geertz (emphasized the
Levitt)
symbolic structure of social action)
- The intensification of worldwide
social relations (Anthony)
 - Provides society with stability a sit global the frame of reference for
creates, preserves, and protects the human thought and action.
social identity of person and groups.
Core Concepts of Ideology: liberty, progress,
race, rationality, tradition, community, welfare,
security, etc.
Antonio Gramsci
 Justice Globalism
- He emphasized the integral role of
- Social justice and human rights
ideology.
- EQUALITY
- He noted that dominant groups
 Religious Globalism
frequently succeeded in enticing
 Anti-Globalism
the working class into embracing
- Opposed the current globalization
collective identity
The Five Core Claims of Market Globalism
2 Parts of Ideologies
NOTE:
 Belief
 Claims Arjun Appadurai (Ethnoscapes, technoscapes,
mediascapes, finanscapes, ideoscapes)
Different Ideology of Globalism
Michael Freeden (Effective ideological d-
 Market Globalism
contestation structures -I refer to them as
- hegemonic system of ideas that makes
“central ideological claims.”)
normative claims about a set of social
processes called “globalization”
- open trade, global trade, financial 1. Globalization is about the
markets, worldwide flows of goods, Liberalization and Global Integration of
services, and labor, transnational Markets
corporations, offshore financial - Anchored in the neo-liberal ideal of
centers the self-regulating market as the
- portrays normative basis for a future global
Charles Taylor order.
- The vital functions of the free
- argued that social imaginaries are market are rationality and
neither theories nor ideologies, but efficiency. Also, the ability to brings
implicit background understandings about greater social integration and
material progress.
Pierre Bourdieu
- Seeks to establish beyond dispute
- notes that the social imaginary sets what globalization means, that is to
the pre-reflexive framework for our offer an authoritative definition of
daily routines and social repertoires globalization designed for broad
public consumption.
Roland Robertson
- LIBERTY AND INTEGRATION
- the compression of the world into a - Globalization is about the triumph
single place increasingly makes the of markets over governments
(Businessweek)
 - The driving idea behind - It neutralizes the challenges of
globalization is free-market alterglobalist opponents by
capitalism. (Thomas Friedman) depoliticizing the public discourse
- Policies that further strengthen about globalization.
market incentives and market 3. Nobody is in Charge of Globalization
institutions are relevant for all - Concept of “Self-Regulating
economies. (Pres. George W. Bush) Market”
- “Market” plays an important role in - “The great beauty of globalization is
two established ideologies: that no one is in control.” (Robert
 (neo-liberalism) Hormats)
- More inclined in free trade to - “Power of the Hegernonic bloc”
combine their hands-off attitude (Antonio Gramsci)
toward big business 4. Globalization Benefits Everyone (…in
 neo-conservatism the long run)
- Advocate a more assertive and - The adjacent idea of “benefits for
expansive use of both economic everyone” is usually unpacked in
and military power, although they material terms such as economic
often embrace the liberal idea of growth and prosperity.
promoting freedom and democracy - Progress (the idea of benefits for
around the world. everyone taps not only into
2. Globalization is Inevitable and liberalism’s worldview, but also
Irreversible draws on the powerful socialist
- Inexorable laws vision of establishing an economic
- Focus on the logic of technology paradise on earth)
and markets - Episodic dislocations – mass
- The centerpiece of liberal thought employment and reduced social
from John Locke and John Stuart services (John Meehan)
Mill to Milton Friedman. - Profit oriented called
- Almost always intertwined with the “inforainment telesector”
deep belief in the ability of markets (Benjamin Barber)
to use new technologies to solve 5. Globalization Furthers the Spread of
social problems far better than any Democracy in the world
alternative course. - Typically, de-contest democracy
- “There is no alternative” (Prime through its proximity to market ad
Minister Margaret Thatcher) the making of economic choices.
- “Globalization is irreversible, - Freeden calles “Thatcherism” which
Protectionism will only make things is a careful discourse analysis of
worse.” (Frederick Smith) relevant texts reveals that globalist
- “We cannot simply wish away the tend to treat freedom, free
process of globalization. It is a markets, free trade and democracy
reality of a modern world. The as synonymous terms.
process is irreversible.” (Manuel - There exists a “clear correlation”
Villar) between a country’s level of
economic development and
 successful democracy. (Francis crisis since the Great Depression of
Fukuyama” the 1930’s.
- Former communists should be seen - It began in 2007 with a crisis is the
as the “backbone of democracy.” subprime mortgage market in the
- Popular democracy posits US, and developed into a full-blown
democracy as both a process and a international banking crisis with the
means to an end, a tool for collapse of the investment bank
devolving political and economic Lehman Brothers on September 15,
power from the hands of elite 2008. The crisis was followed by a
minorities to the masses. global economic downturn, The
- Polyarchy represents an elitist and Great Recession.
regimented model of low intensity
The Three Aspects of Globalization
or formal market democracy.
 Economic Aspect
 Socio-cultural
 Market Globalism morphed into  Political Aspect
“imperial globalism.”
 Justice Globalism – political left Striking the Balance Through Political Strategy
 Religious Globalism - Political right - Globalization leads to a creation of
(SIR PPT) corporation and discussion space,
with the increasing trend towards
The World Trade Organization the emergence of international
- Is the only global international organization such as UN.
organization dealing with the rules Governments should recognize the
of trade between nations. As its benefits of participation and
heart are the WTO agreements, collaboration through such
negotiated and signed by the bulk international stage.
of the world’s trading nations and Striking the Balance Through Trade Policy
ratified in their parliaments. The
goal is to help producers of goods - Trade policy includes import and
and services, exporters, and export trading. The objectives of
importers conduct their business. trade policy against imports are
controlling import quotas, import
The Doha Round licenses, rule of origin, subsidies to
- Is the latest round of trade domestic producers, and protecting
negotiations among the WTO domestic firms from unfair
membership. competitors.

The 2008 Financial Crisis Striking the Balance Through Foreign Direct
Investment
- Also known as the global financial
crisis and the 2008 Financial Crisis, - There are two main categories:
is considered by many economists inward investment
to have been the worst financial Striking the Balance Through Industrial Policy
 - H

Striking the Balance Through Cultural Policy

 globality (end product)

 globalization (process)

Globalization may be thought of as a process

(or a set of process)

Additional Note:

Unseen state - MNC

Nation state – concept of juriscation

Failed states – Somalia, South Sudan, Yemen,

Myanmar

National interest – political term (taxation)

Liberalism – the economy must be controlled

by market forces (the law of supply and
demand), not the government.

GADT