Practical 1
AIM:Introduction to Arduino
// C++ code
//
int led =12;
void setup()
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
void loop()
digitalWrite(led, HIGH);
delay(1000); // Wait for 1000 millisecond(s)
digitalWrite(led, LOW);
delay(1000); // Wait for 1000 millisecond(s)
}
Practical 2
AIM : Light Sensitive Sensors
int ldrPin = A0; // Light sensor connected to analog pin A0
int ledPin = 9; // LED connected to digital pin 9
int threshold = 500; // Light threshold value
void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT); // Set LED pin as output
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication
void loop() {
int lightValue = analogRead(ldrPin); // Read value from LDR
Serial.print("Light Intensity: ");
Serial.println(lightValue); // Print light intensity to Serial Monitor
if (lightValue < threshold) {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH); // Turn on LED if it's dark
} else {
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW); // Turn off LED if there's enough light
delay(500); // Small delay for stability
}
OUTPUT :
Practical 3
AIM : Temprature Sensors
// Define the analog pin where the LM35 sensor is connected
const int sensorPin = A0;
float temperatureC;
float temperatureF;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication
}
void loop() {
// Read analog value from sensor
int sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
// Convert analog reading (0-1023) to voltage (0-5V)
float voltage = sensorValue * (5.0 / 1023.0);
// Convert voltage to temperature (LM35 gives 10mV per degree Celsius)
temperatureC = voltage * 100.0;
// Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
temperatureF = (temperatureC * 9.0 / 5.0) + 32.0;
// Print values to Serial Monitor
Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(temperatureC);
Serial.print(" °C / ");
Serial.print(temperatureF);
Serial.println(" °F");
delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second before next reading
}
OUTPUT :
Practical 4
AIM : Humidity Sensors
const int analogIn = A0;
int humiditysensorOutput = 0;
// Defining Variables
int RawValue= 0;
double Voltage = 0;
double tempC = 0;
double tempF = 0;
void setup(){
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(A1, INPUT);
}
void loop(){
RawValue = analogRead(analogIn);
Voltage = (RawValue / 1023.0) * 5000; // 5000 to get millivots.
tempC = (Voltage-500) * 0.1; // 500 is the offset
tempF = (tempC * 1.8) + 32; // convert to F
Serial.print("Raw Value = " );
Serial.print(RawValue);
Serial.print("\t milli volts = ");
Serial.print(Voltage,0); //
Serial.print("\t Temperature in C = ");
Serial.print(tempC,1);
Serial.print("\t Temperature in F = ");
Serial.println(tempF,1);
humiditysensorOutput = analogRead(A1);
Serial.print("Humidity: "); // Printing out Humidity Percentage
Serial.print(map(humiditysensorOutput, 0, 1023, 10, 70));
Serial.println("%");
delay(5000); //iterate every 5 seconds
OUTPUT :
Practical 5
Aim:- program using light tracking sensor
Code:- int distance = 0;
int red = 4;
int blue = 5;
int green = 6;
long readUltrasonicDistance(int triggerPin, int echoPin)
pinMode(triggerPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
return pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
void setup()
{
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
void loop()
distance = 0.01723 * readUltrasonicDistance(10, 11);
if(distance >=200)
digitalWrite(red, HIGH);
digitalWrite(blue, LOW);
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
delay(2000);
if(distance > 100 && distance < 200)
digitalWrite(red, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue, HIGH);
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
delay(2000);
if(distance <= 100)
digitalWrite(red, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue, LOW);
digitalWrite(green, HIGH);
delay(2000);
OUTPUT:
Practical 6
Aim:- program using light tracking sensor
Code:- int distance = 0;
int red = 4;
int blue = 5;
int green = 6;
long readUltrasonicDistance(int triggerPin, int echoPin)
pinMode(triggerPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
return pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
void setup()
pinMode(4, OUTPUT);
pinMode(5, OUTPUT);
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
void loop()
{
distance = 0.01723 * readUltrasonicDistance(10, 11);
if(distance >=200)
digitalWrite(red, HIGH);
digitalWrite(blue, LOW);
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
delay(2000);
if(distance > 100 && distance < 200)
digitalWrite(red, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue, HIGH);
digitalWrite(green, LOW);
delay(2000);
if(distance <= 100)
digitalWrite(red, LOW);
digitalWrite(blue, LOW);
digitalWrite(green, HIGH);
delay(2000);
OUTPUT:
Practical 7
AIM: Programs using digital infrared motion sensors.
CODE:
int a = 0;
int b = 0;
void setup()
Serial.begin(9400);
pinMode(13,OUTPUT);
void loop()
a = analogRead(A0);
b = map(a,0,1023,0,255);
Serial.println(b);
if(b>100)
Serial.println("Motion Detected");
delay(100);
OUTPUT:v
Practical 8
AIM: Programs using gas sensors.
CODE:
int LED = A1;
const int gas = 0;
int MQ2pin = A0;
void setup()
Serial.begin(9600);
void loop()
float sensorValue,MQ2pin;
sensorValue = analogRead(MQ2pin);
if(sensorValue>=470)
digitalWrite(LED,HIGH);
Serial.print(sensorValue);
Serial.println("SMOKE DETECTED");
else
digitalWrite(LED,LOW);
Serial.println("Sensor Value:");
Serial.println(sensorValue);
delay(1000);
float getsensorValue(int pin)
return(analogRead(pin));}
OUTPUT:
Practical 9
Aim: Programs using Servo motors.
Code: #include<Servo.h>
Servo servo1;
int pos= 0;
void setup ()
servo1.attach(13);
void loop()
{
for(pos=0; pos<=180; pos++)
servo1.write(pos);
delay(15);
delay(1000);
for (pos= 180; pos>=180; pos--)
servo1.write(pos);
delay(15);
