• Introducing new arguments
First of all; Secondly; Finally; To begin with ; Most of us ; Furthermore (Крім того), What is
more, Another point is Another point is; Some / Most of us know / agree / say
• Giving examples and support
For example; for this reason; such as; According to; for instance (наприклад)
• Introducing a contrast
Although (Хоча); Nevertheless (Тим не менш) ; Having said that (Сказавши це); On the other
hand; However
• Introducing a conclusion
To conclude; In summary/conclusion
• Introducing your own opinion
Personally I believe; Ultimately I think(Зрештою), In my opinion
The introduction
Some people argue that zoos help to preserve wild creatures, while others say that they are inhumane and should be abolished. While the development of
breeding programmes contributes to the preservation of endangered species, I believe that the poor conditions that many animals held in captivity are kept
in makes the existence of zoos unacceptable.
Useful phrases
Some people argue that... while others say that...
It is considered by some.... while there are others who think....
It is often argued that... whilst others disagree and think...
Main body paragraph structure
Topic sentence
Explanation
Example
Main body paragraph 1
On the one hand, there are many projects in existence in zoological parks around the world where species facing extinction have been successfully bred in
captivity and their numbers increased substantially.
This is important for ensuring the survival of animals under threat from poaching and the destruction of their natural environments. A good example of this is
the golden lion tamarin from Brazil which nearly died out because of logging and mining activities which are destroying its habitat. Today, a third of wild
golden lion tamarins were raised in captivity.
Main body paragraph 2
On the other hand, a significant percentage of zoos house their animals in cramped cages with very little space to move around or behave naturally. This
can lead to them becoming distressed and depressed as well as suffering physically through lack of exercise. A friend of mine recently visited a wildlife park
while on holiday abroad and was very upset to see the lions pacing up and down in a narrow, bare pen and eagles in enclosures so small that they were
unable to fly.
In conclusion, although zoos do help to safeguard dwindling populations of particular species, the suffering experienced by many captive creatures due to
unsuitable living conditions amounts to cruelty and they should not be allowed to exist.