C &

xvvBex]BAB
v ~ -

yes
C
12[25]
0 2
- -

I
1 + 2
2 121
+
+ 4 +
6
 PSC 1
EMS412U: Matrix - PSC1

1. Which of the following matrices are square, lower triangular, upper triangular, diag-
onal, identity? What are their sizes?
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
1 1 2 % & 1 1 2
1 1 2
A = ⎣1 1 1 ⎦ B= C= 0⎣ 1 1⎦
0 1 1
0 1 3 0 0 2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
% & 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1
D= E = ⎣0 1 0⎦ F = ⎣0 1 0⎦
2 0
0 0 2 0 0 1

2. Express the following set of linear equations by a matrix equation:

3x1 + 2x1 − x3 = 2
x1 − 4x2 − 2x3 = 1
x2 + x3 = 0

3. Given the matrices

⎡ ⎤
% & % & 1 2
1 2 1 4 1 3
A= , B= , C = ⎣3 1⎦
3 0 2 0 2 1
2 3

(a) Which of the following make sense: A + B, A + C, B + CT , AB, AC, CB,

ABT , ACT and BCT ?
(b) Evaluate those products that do exist and identify the product that results in
a symmetric matrix.
(c) Evaluate (AT B)C and CT (BT A). Identify the relationship between the two
matrices.

1
 EMS412U: Matrix- PSC 2

1. Evaluate the determinants of the following matrices using determinant properties:

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2
⎣
A= 1 1 1 ⎦ B= 0 1⎣ 1⎦ C = ⎣2 2 4 ⎦
0 0 0 1 1 2 0 1 2
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 2
⎣
D= 2 2 0 ⎦ ⎣
E= 0 1 0⎦ F = ⎣ 0 1 0⎦
3 1 2 0 0 2 −2 0 1

2. Evaluate the determinants of the following matrices using the determinant formula:
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
1 2 3 2 1 1
A = ⎣1 0 1 ⎦ B = ⎣3 2 2 ⎦
1 1 1 1 1 2

3. Find the values of λ to make the following determinants zero:

% %
% % % 0 2 − λ 0 %
%2 − λ 7 %% % %
% %2 − λ 4 1 %%
% 4 6−λ % %
% 1 −3 λ − 4%

4. Evaluate the determinants of the following matrices using determinant properties:

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
y+z z+x x+y x+y x y
A=⎣ x y z ⎦ B=⎣ y x+y x ⎦
1 1 1 x y x+y

1
 EMS412U - Matrix - PSC3

1. Given two matrices

⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
1 0 2 5 2 4
A = ⎣6 4 0⎦ B = ⎣3 −1 2 ⎦
6 −2 1 1 4 −3

(a) Calculate A−1 and B −1 using determinant calculation formula and row operation
separately. Compare the results derived from the two methods and see if the
results match?
(b) Verify (AB)−1 = B −1 A−1 .

2. Use Gauss elimination to solve the equations (if it has any solution)

2x + 3y + 4z = 1
x + 2y + 3z = 1
x + 4y + 5z = 2

3. Use Gauss elimination to solve the equations (if it has any solution)

x2 + x3 =1
x1 + 3x3 + 2x4 =3
2x1 + x2 + 5x3 + 4x4 =7
x1 − 2x2 + 2x4 =2

1
 Eigenvalues & Eigenvectors
matrix
square
↓ =
eigenvector
A= c =
X
X= eigenvalue
(A xI)
-
=
=

|A XI)
- = 0

Ex : A =
[t ! ]

A -
xi =
[hi] [ : ] -

=['i x] -

I'm 1 x) = 0

eigenvale is
#2x3
Plug in
Eigenvalues

[ii] x = 3
A=
x=

1 =
3 A -
31 =
[ii] [83] [ 2) -> [86] - =

R2+ 2R
,
↑ make zerov
[8][E) [8] =

2x = 0
+ x2
-

xz
= 2x ,
↓
multiples okay r

* =
[2] = [2]

x= + A l =
[ii] [69] [22] -> [81]- =

R2
-
2R
,
O

[80][E] [8]
2x 8 i [ 2c]
=
xz
=
= +
, -

xz
= -

2(x ),
I+ 1
I

-
53 r)
X
y Y
-

I
I
! I I

0 X x -

y()
I 0
Y X

I I
I I I

X X Y
-

O
G
& 0x -

y-