5/7/2024
1 - ELECTRICAL DESIGN
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
1.1 ELECTRICAL DESIGN - STANDARD
1.2 PLANNING ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
1.3 A FEW DEVICES
1.4 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICAL DESIGN
- PLANNING WITH THE CLIENT
1.5 INDIVIDUAL SPECIFICATION
1.6 BASIC PLANNING RULES
1.7 PROCEDURE for ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
1.7 ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS – HOW to DO
CONTENT 1.8 DIVERSE ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
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1.1 ELECTRICAL DESIGN - STANDARD
REQUIREMENTS:
▪ high standard of safety and reliability
▪ national regulations /standards determine electrical design and
installations
RELATED STANDARDS:
▪ International Standard - IEC 60364
▪ National Standard - EBCS-10 - Electrical Installation of Buildings
- responsible authority is EEPCo (Ethiopia Electric Power Corporation)
1.2 PLANNING ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION
▪ good planning saves money - creates security
▪ scope of the equipment of the electrical system
– defined by architect, client, electrical engineer, electrician
▪ future changes and flexibility is to consider
- additional outlets, TV sockets, installation pipes and boxes
▪ to operate appliances, such as washing machine, water heater,
electric stove
etc., simultaneously, it is absolutely necessary to protect them
separately – each needs its own circuit
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The individual electrical installation
▪ not limited to functionality
▪ contributes significantly to appearance / atmosphere of a
room
▪ variety of attractive switch and socket applications,
▪ intelligent lighting solutions
▪ innovative safety features …
▪ advanced requirements for communication systems in
residential buildings
▪ Internet, networking of multimedia-enabled devices affect the
requirements for electrical design and installation – devices
need additional double/triple sockets for power supply.
TV, Radio, Internet, Fax, Phone - recommended for following areas:
▪ 1 electrical conduit for networking and communications services
▪ 1 electrical conduit for TV and Radio
Living room Guest-bedroom Home-office / Study
room
Dining room Family-room Domestic utility room
Bedroom Corridor Hobby-room
Children's room Kitchen Balcony, Veranda,
Patio
▪ additional conduits for speaker wires avoid unappealing cables
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1.3 A FEW DEVICES
▪ DIMMER
▪ MOTION DETECTOR
▪ ELECTRIC CONTROLLED SUN PROTECTION
Cozy lighting with DIMMER:
▪ controls the light intensity – lower the
brightness
▪ creates a special atmosphere in living
and working environment
▪ range from small units (domestic lighting)
ordinary resistor is a piece
to high power units (theatre) of
material that doesn't
▪ simple dimmer – how it works conduct
include an variable resistor - turning or electrical current well
sliding the device, the distance the
electrical current has to travel through
the resistive material is changed.
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DIMMER with IR (infrared)
with the touch of a button:
✓ manual controlling lighting conditions
✓ obtaining complete light scenes
(Read, relax, watch TV, dinner with guests)
✓ lights are regulated according to the stored
level of illumination – appropriate to the
situation
AUTOMATIC LIGHTING by MOTION SENSORS
▪ offer on-demand switching
▪ available for indoor and outdoor
▪ light is only activated if needed - shuts off
automatically, if for a pre-set time nobody is in the
detection area
▪ provide additional security - no one can reach the
house unnoticed
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OTHER USES for MOTION SENSORS
▪ INDUSTRY -used on assembly lines:
✓ to keep track of the number of products
✓ to shut down dangerous equipment if a person
gets too close
▪ OTHER EXAMPLES
✓ to open and close automatic doors
✓ to turn on and off automatic water faucets /
toilets
✓ to turn on lights when a person enters a room
✓ to control ATM displays
SUN PROTECTION - electrically controlled
▪ especially for large windows
comfortable
▪ can be controlled time or brightness
dependent through correspond UP and DOWN SWITCH
integrated sensors or timers for sun protection
▪ can take over the task of presence
simulation if inhabitants are not at
home
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1.4 PROFESSIONAL ELECTRICAL DESIGN
- PLANNING WITH THE CLIENT
1 - defining the electrical need and the intended use of electrical
devices
2 - planning the electrical system regarding to:
✓ number of circuits
✓ number of socket outlets
✓ number of lights
✓ number of TV and communication connections
✓ comfort and security features
▪ moveable multiple dividers seduce
to plug appliances in, regardless of
their electricity needs
PROVIDE
▪ can lead to a high overload of
SUFFICIENT NUMBER
power cable or circuit - can cause
OF SOCKETS
fire
AND
SEPARATE CIRCUITS
X
▪ more and more electronic
appliances are used in households –
staying plugged in – ready for use
▪ Increased burden of the circuits
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BAD EXAMPEL!!! - Not like this!!
Don’t connect larger
appliances to one
common power cable
(multiple divider) or a
common circuit!
DIFFERENT FUTURE ROOM USE than originally planned – changed requirements!
CONSIDER FLEXIBILITY AND FUTURE DEMANDS
bedroom bedroom + study room/home office
✓ communication devices (telephone, fax, answering machine, etc.)-
need telecommunications connection and additional power outlet
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provide
sufficient
sockets for
audio devises
1.5 INDIVIDUAL SPECIFICATION
Furnishing - essential for arrangement of
sockets, lights, switches, etc.
Furnishing - carefully planned (real demands of
the client, considering future
demands and changes)
Specification
- provide a specification for required
equipment,
- additional features (safety, comfort, energy
efficiency) of individual rooms - needs
clarification with the client!
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BASIC EXAMPLES
for ELECTRICAL DESIGN
LIVING ROOM
19,10 m²
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KITCHEN
10 m²
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MASTER -
BEDROOM
14m²
CHILD BEDROOM
8.10m²
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BATHROOM 5,0 m²
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BATHROOM
13,10 m²
1.6 BASIC PLANNING RULES
▪ The main source of light in a room should be controlled
by a wall switch, located on the handle side of the
room entrance.
▪ Each room should have at least one easy to reach
socket outlet for appliances that are often used.
▪ Each room should have a light outlet on the ceiling or
on the wall which will be the main source of light for the
whole room.
▪ Each room should have adequate light for all visual
tasks.
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▪ Lights for stairways and halls must be controlled from both ends –
better from each door
▪ Bedroom lights should be controlled from bedside and entrance with a
intermediate or two way switch.
▪ Basement lights should be controlled by a switch with pilot light, inside
the house, at the head of the basement stairs.
▪ Outside lights must be controlled from the internal main entrance of
the house, the internal entrance side to the compound and from the
garage.
▪ The door communication system must be installed on the external
entrance to the compound and inside the house.
GOOD AND POOR
- EXAMPLES
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ELECTRICAL OUTLETS
used for small appliances
GENERAL OUTLET and lamp plugs -
available in single, double,
triple or strip outlets
connection of lamp holders,
LIGHTING OUTLETS surface mounted fixtures
flush, recessed fixtures, all
other types of lighting fixtures
SPECIAL PURPOSE OUTLET connection point of a
circuit for one special
equipment
SPECIAL CONTROLS
Time Switch
- control lights or water systems
Safety Alarm Switch
- activate a bell when a circuit on a door or window is
broken
Master Switch
- control switching throughout the home from one
location
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1.7 PROCEDURE
for
ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS
DEFINITION and PURPOSE
DEFINITION:
Electrical drawings are prepared to indicate the internal and external
electrical design and power supply system of a building.
PURPOSE:
✓ to indicate the size, type, material and location of lighting fixtures,
power outlets, special electrical appliances and how electrical power
is supplied to a building.
✓ communication between architect, electrical engineer, electrician
✓ necessary base for cost estimation, ordering materials, instructing
contractors
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ELECTRICAL DESIGN AND LAYOUT DEPEND ON:
▪ Project Scope - Clients Demands - Dedicated Standards
can include:
✓ general electrical requirements (general sockets/outlets)
✓ specialized electrical requirements (allotted to an individual
circuit)
✓ lighting system (lighting fixtures and controls)
✓ distribution system (main distribution board, branch circuits,
demand calculation)
▪ finalized parts mentioned above, are to verify according recognized
standards
▪ recommendation: contact local authorities to determine if standards
have been adopted
1.7 ELECTRICAL DRAWINGS – HOW TO DO
▪ trace/copy the floor plan showing all exterior / interior walls and
major appliances
▪ change the lines of furnishing to very thin lines (the design should be
furnished as clients desire)
▪ include main dimension (external, internal) ,if relevant also
dimension for openings
▪ include room identification and size (m²)
▪ use for electrical drawing separate layers – depends on project size
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▪ locate the main distribution panel and meter, if required also sub-
distribution panels
▪ indicate all outlets by using proper symbols - if necessary determine
the location
▪ locate ceiling and wall lighting outlets by using proper symbols -
determine the location
▪ for wall lighting, give the required height
▪ if sockets are out of standard installation zones, define the required
height
▪ locate telephone, internet, door communication outlets - locate
additional/sufficient sockets to the outlets
▪ indicate all special appliances with appropriate symbols, ensure that
they have their own circuit (washing machine, dryer, refrigerator, etc.)
▪ connect switches to lighting fixtures, which they operate - by using
numbers or curvilinear lines
▪ draw the interconnecting wires (MDB – SDB, switch – light outlet – MDB /
SDB, socket – MDB / SDB, special appliances – MDB / SDB).
▪ to use different colors for sockets, lighting, special appliances and their
interconnecting wires simplifies the overview of the layout.
▪ add a number to outlets, sockets, special appliances, which shows the
corresponding circuit
▪ add lighting fixture schedule and symbol legend
▪ letter in all required notes, title, scale, sheet number etc.
▪ check the drawing carefully to be sure that all information is complete
and accurate
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EXAMPLE
ELECTRICAL DRAWING - LIGHTS
EXAMPLE
ELECTRICAL DRAWING - SOCKETS
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EXAMPLE
ELECTRICAL DRAWING – RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Electrical Symbols – see EXAMPLE
Ethiopian Electrical Standard ELECTRICAL SYMBOL LEDGEND
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National standards commonly recommend the subdivision of circuits
according to utilization and for each larger appliance
▪ At least 1 circuit for lighting
each circuit supply maximum 6 lighting points
▪ At least 1 circuit for socket-outlets with 10A or 16 A
each circuit supply maximum 8 sockets
the sockets can be single, twin, or triple sockets
▪ 1 circuit for each special appliance such as water heater, washing
machine, dish-washing machine, stove, refrigerator, door
communication etc.
DOCUMENTS INCLUDED
DOCUMENT EXPLANATION
▪ needed to apply by the Power Company ( EEPCo)
SITE PLAN
for Service Entrance
▪ separate plans for each floor
▪ communication medium between all concerned
parties
ELECTRICAL LAYOUTS ▪ scale - same as architectural drawings – depends
on project specific demands
▪ generally identified by the letters “EL” or “E” in the
title block
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DOCUMENT EXPLANATION
▪ one for each distribution/sub-distribution board
CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS ▪ specify number of circuits, wire size, required
load
SYMBOL LIST / LEGEND ▪ showing the symbols and abbreviations used
▪ can include specific information,
REQUIRED NOTES
preconditions, installation requirements etc.
▪ include all required information for lighting
LIGHTING FIXTURE
fixtures (number, type, location, manufacturer
SCHEDULE
etc.)
LIGHTING FIXTURE SCHEDULE
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PUSH BUTTON
EXPLANATIONS OF SWITCHES
ON-OFF SWITCH
to turn on the light from one switching
point PUSH BUTTON
TWO-CIRCUIT SWITCH to switch a light on or of
to switch two lamps or lamp groups from one from up to five different
switching point simultaneously or individually switching points
TWO-WAY SWITCH
to switch a light on or of from two
different switching points DIMMER
INTERMEDIATE SWITCH to regulate the
to switch a light on or of from three or brightness of a light
four different switching points
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1.8 DIVERSE ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES
Electrical Boiler 50
L
Socket
Sub - Distribution Board
Hanging Cabinet
Main -
Distribution Board Strip Socket
Vacuum Cleaner
Electric
Thermos Juicer Coffee
Machine
Kettle
Microwave
Waffle
Maker
Dishwashing Machine
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Top Freezer Refrigerator Washing Machine Cloth Dryer Machine Electric Stove
Door Communication System Fume Hood/Range Hood
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