Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal

Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

Lesson 2 B. Discussion

Regions under the Normal Curve Teacher’s Notes

An alternative way of presenting the following discussion is through the video lecture
included in your Quipper Video subscription package. Just log in to your teacher
Table of Contents account at [Link] and assign your students the corresponding video
lecture which they can watch either at home or in the classroom.

Learning Competency 2
Learning Objectives 2 Suggested Instructional Flow
Suggested Time Frame 2
1. Define and Discover
Essential Questions 3
Prerequisite Skill and Topic 3
• Standard Normal Distribution – expressed in a graph as a normal curve with
Lesson Proper 4 the following properties:
- A. Introduction 4 o the graph is a bell-shaped curve
- B. Discussion 6 o the graph is asymptotic to the x-axis
- C. Practice and Feedback 13 o the total area under the normal curve is 1

Performance Assessment 25
• Regions under the Normal Curve – characterized by the following common 𝑍-
Synthesis 41
scores and their respective areas
Bibliography 41

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12
2. Develop and Demonstrate
3. Shade the required region.

The following examples may be used in the discussion.

Teacher’s Notes
Use the Try It! slides of the corresponding presentation file to present the worked
examples. You may also refer to the worked examples provided in the study
guide for varieties.

Example 1: What is the area under the normal curve and to the left of
𝑍 = 1.26?
4. Use the 𝑍 table to determine the area associated
Solution/Explanation: 1. Sketch the normal distribution. with the given 𝑍 value.

Thus, the area corresponding to 𝑍 = 1.26 in the 𝑍

2. Identify the region under the normal curve by table is 0.8962 or 89.62%.
drawing a vertical line through the given 𝑍 value.
Note that the areas found in the 𝑍-table refer to the area
to the left of any 𝑍-value under the normal curve.
Therefore, the area under the normal curve and to the
left of 𝑍 = 1.26 is 0.8962 or 89.62%.

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 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

4. Use the 𝑍 table to determine the area associated

Example 2: What is the area under the normal curve and to the right with the given 𝑍 value.
of 𝑍 = 1.85?

Solution/Explanation: 1. Sketch the normal distribution.

5. Compute for the desired area.

The area in the 𝑍-table refers to the area

corresponding to the region to the left of 𝑍 = 1.85.
2. Identify the region under the normal curve by
In order to get the area to the right of 𝑍 = 1.85, we
drawing a vertical line through the given 𝑍 value.
get the complement of the area found in the 𝑍
table by subtracting the area from 1.

1 − 0.9678 = 0.322

Therefore, the area under the normal curve and to the

right of 𝑍 = 1.85 is 0.322 or 3.22%.

3. Shade the required region.

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

4. Use the 𝑍 Table to determine the areas associated

Example 3: What is the corresponding area between 𝑍 = 1 and the with the given 𝑍 values.
mean of a normal curve?
For 𝑍 = 0:
Solution/Explanation: 1. Sketch the normal distribution and indicate the
mean.

For 𝑍 = 1:

2. Identify the region under the normal curve by

drawing a vertical line through each 𝑍 value.

Thus, the areas corresponding to 𝑍 = 0 and 𝑍 = 1

in the 𝑍 table are 0.500 and 0.8413, respectively.

5. Compute for the area between the two 𝑍-scores.

To find the area under the normal curve and in

3. Shade the required region. between any two 𝑍-scores, subtract the bigger
area to the smaller area.

0.8413 − 0.5000 = 0.3413

Therefore, the area under the curve and in between the

two 𝑍-scores 𝑍 = 0 and 𝑍 = 1 is 0.3413 or 34.13%.

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 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

Web Box Problem 1: How much area is at the left of 𝑍 = −2.13 under a normal
curve?
To draw Normal Curves online, check out the following link:
Solution/Explanation: 1. Sketch the normal distribution.
• “Normal Distribution: Area below lower.” Desmos. Retrieved 10 July 2019 from
[Link]

To solve for an area of a region under the normal curve, check out an online calculator
by clicking the link below:

• Lane, David M. “Normal Distribution.” Online Stat Book. Retrieved 18 July 2019
from [Link]

2. Identify the region under the normal curve by drawing

C. Practice and Feedback a vertical line through the given 𝑍 value.

Teacher’s Notes
Use the Let’s Practice! slides of the corresponding presentation file to present the
questions for practice. You may also refer to the Try It Yourself! questions provided in
the study guide for varieties.

For individual practice

1. Ask the students to answer the following problem items individually using pen and
paper.
3. Shade the required region.
2. Give students enough time to answer the problem items.
3. Call a random student to show his or her work on the board afterward.
4. Let the student share how he or she comes up with his or her solution.
5. Inform the student the accuracy of his answer and solution, and in the case when
there is some sort of misconception, lead the student to the right direction to find
the correct answer.

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

4. Use the 𝑍 table to determine the area associated with

the given 𝑍 value.

3. Shade the required region.

Thus, the area corresponding to 𝑍 = −2.13 in the 𝑍
table is 0.0166 or 1.66%.

Note that the areas found in the 𝑍-table refer to the area to
the left of any 𝑍-value under the normal curve. Therefore, the
area under the normal curve and to the left of 𝑍 = −2.13 is
0.0166 or 1.66%.

Problem 2: Find the area at the right of 𝑍 = −0.13 under a normal curve.

Solution/Explanation: 1. Sketch the normal distribution. 4. Use the 𝑍 table to determine the area associated with
the given 𝑍 value.

5. Compute for the desired area.

2. Identify the region under the normal curve by drawing
a vertical line through the given 𝑍 value.
The area in the 𝑍-table refers to the area

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 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

corresponding to the region to the left of 𝑍 = −0.13. In

order to get the area to the right of 𝑍 = −0.13, we get
the complement of the area found in the 𝑍 table by
subtracting the area from 1.

1 − 0.4483 = 0.5517

Therefore, the area under the normal curve and to the right
of 𝑍 = −0.13 is 0.5517 or 55.17%.

4. Shade the required region.

Problem 3: How many percent of the population scored higher than
𝑋 = 45 given that 𝜇 = 30 and 𝜎 = 12? Since we are looking at the percentage of the total
scores higher than 𝑋 = 45, the shaded region in the
Solution/Explanation: 1. Convert the raw score to its corresponding 𝑍-score. figure will be on the right side of 𝑍 = 1.25.

𝑋−𝜇
𝑍=
𝜎
45 − 30
𝑍=
12
𝑍 = 1.25

2. Sketch the normal distribution.

5. Use the 𝑍 table to determine the area associated with

the given 𝑍 value.

3. Identify the region under the normal curve by drawing

a vertical line through the 𝑍 value.

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

6. Compute for the desired area. Problem 4: In a college entrance test, 450 students took the exam and
the results yielded a mean of 125 and a standard deviation of
The area in the 𝑍-table refers to the area 30.50. How many students passed the entrance exam if only
corresponding to the region to the left of 𝑍 = 1.25. In those whose score is above 𝑍 = −0.5 will pass?
order to get the area to the right of 𝑍 = 1.25, we get
Solution/Explanation: 1. Sketch the normal distribution.
the complement of the area found in the 𝑍 table by
subtracting the area from 1.

1 − 0.8944 = 0.1056

Therefore, the area under the normal curve and to the

right of 𝑍 = 1.25 is 0.1056 or 10.56%.

Thus, the percentage of scores higher than 𝑋 = 45 is 10.56%.

For group practice 2. Identify the region under the normal curve by drawing
1. Ask the students to form a minimum of 2 groups to a maximum of 5 groups. a vertical line through the given 𝑍 value.
2. Each group will answer problem items 4 and 5. These questions are meant to test
students’ higher-order thinking skills by working collaboratively with their peers.
3. Give students enough time to analyze the problem and work on their solution.
4. Ask each group to assign a representative to show their solution on the board and
discuss as a group how they come up with their solution.
5. Inform the student the accuracy of his answer and solution, and in the case when
there is some sort of misconception, give the student opportunity to work with
his/her peers to re-analyze the problem, and then lead them to the right direction to
find the correct answer.

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

3. Shade the required region. exam.

6. Determine the number of students who passed the

entrance exam.

Multiply the total number of examinees by the area

found in the previous step.

(0.5199)(450) = 233.955
= 234

Therefore, there are 234 examinees who passed the

4. Use the 𝑍 Table to determine the area associated with entrance exam.
the given 𝑍 value.

Problem 5: In a population of 290 elementary students of a certain

school, only those whose weight standard score lie between
𝑍 = −2 and 𝑍 = −1 were enlisted for feeding program.
Approximately, how many sets of breakfast will the school
prepare in order to serve all chosen participants?

Solution/Explanation: 1. Sketch the normal distribution.

5. Compute the desired area.

The area in the 𝑍-table refers to the area

corresponding to the region to the left of 𝑍 = −0.5. In
order to get the area to the right of 𝑍 = −0.5, we get
the complement of the area found in the 𝑍 table by
subtracting the area from 1.

1 − 0.4801 = 0.5199 2. Identify the region under the normal curve by drawing
a vertical line through each 𝑍 value.
Therefore, the area under the normal curve and to
the right of 𝑍 = −0.5 is 0.5199 or 51.99%. It follows that
51.99% of the total examinees passed the entrance

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

For 𝑍 = −2:

3. Shade the required region. Thus, the areas corresponding to 𝑍 = −1 and 𝑍 = −2

in the 𝑍 table are 0.1587 and 0.0228, respectively.

5. Compute for the area between the two 𝑍-scores.

To find the area under the normal curve and in

between any two 𝑍-scores, subtract the bigger area to
the smaller area.

0.1587 − 0.0228 = 0.1359

Therefore, the area under the curve and in between

4. Use the 𝑍 Table to determine the areas associated
the two 𝑍-scores 𝑍 = −1 and 𝑍 = −2 is 0.1359 or
with the given 𝑍 values.
13.59%.

For 𝑍 = −1:
6. Determine the number of sets of breakfast that the
school will prepare.

Multiply the total number of students by the area

found in the previous step.

(0.1359)(290) = 39.41
= 39

Therefore, there are 39 sets of breakfast that the school will

prepare to serve the participants.

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 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

Performance Assessment Worksheet I

A. Compute for the areas bounded by the following 𝑍 scores under a normal curve. Draw
This performance assessment serves as formative assessment, divided into three sets
also the appropriate normal curve. (15 points)
based on student’s level of learning. See next pages for separate printable worksheets.
• Worksheet I (for beginners)
1. to the left of 𝑍 = 0.87
• Worksheet II (for average learners)
• Worksheet III (for advanced learners)

Teacher’s Notes
For a standard performance assessment regardless of the student’s level of learning,
you may give the problem items provided in the Check Your Understanding section of
the study guide. 2. to the right of 𝑍 = −0.11

3. between 𝑍 = 0 and 𝑍 = 1.5

4. to the right of 𝑍 = 2.11

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12
5. between 𝑍 = −1.06 and 𝑍 = 2.65 3. How many mango trees can bear at least 30 mangoes a year if the farm has 880
mango trees? Show your solutions. (2 points)

B. Read and analyze the problem. Then, answer the questions that follow. (5 points)

Aria wanted to know the total number of mango trees that can bear at least 30
mangoes a year. Upon collecting the data needed, she found out that the 𝑍 score that
holds 30 mangoes is 1.29.

1. Represent the area described in the problem. (1 point)

2. Compute for the area. (2 points)

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 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12
Worksheet II B. Read and analyze the problem and answer the questions that follow. (8 points)

A. Compute for the areas bounded by the following 𝑍 scores under a normal curve. Draw 1. Two hundred college students took an exam in their Statistics class. The results

also the appropriate normal curve. (12 points) yielded a mean of 78 and a standard deviation of 9.26. With these results, the
professor decided to pass the students whose score fall to the right of 𝑍 = −1.5.

1. to the left of 𝑍 = −0.15 Assume that the scores are normally distributed.

a. Represent the area described in the problem. (1 point)

2. to the right of 𝑍 = −2.33

3. between 𝑍 = 0.77 and 𝑍 = 2.89

b. What is the area of the region? (2 points)

4. between 𝑍 = −1.89 and 𝑍 = 0 c. How many students passed the exam? (2 points)

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12
2. ABC Food Inc. has 123 branches nationwide. The annual profit of the company is Worksheet III
normally distributed with a mean of 38 million a year and a standard deviation of
3.6 million. What percentage of its branches have a profit of 29 million to 43 A. Compute for the areas bounded by the following 𝑍 scores under a normal curve. Draw
million? also the appropriate normal curve. (9 points)

a. What are the two 𝑍-scores that can be used to solve the problem? (2 points) 1. to the right of 𝑍 = 0.5

b. Represent the area described in the problem. (1 point)

2. between 𝑍 = 0.43 and 𝑍 = 2.56

3. to the left of 𝑍 = −1.29 and to the right of 𝑍 = 2.05

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 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12 Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12
B. Read and analyze the problem and answer the questions that follow. (11 points) 2. In a recent report made by a school registrar, the mean grade of 500 Grade 11
students is 85.46 with a standard deviation of 7.15. Rowell wants to train students
1. Harold holds the annual convention for Mathematics Teachers around the for competition where the students belong to the region to the right of 𝑍 = 2.5.
Philippines. During a survey answered by 1 200 teachers, it was found out that the
mean satisfactory of teachers to their salaries is 2.15 out of 5 with a standard a. Represent and compute for the area described in the problem. (3 points)
deviation of 1.4. Harold wanted to know how many teachers gave a rate of at least
3.5 out of 5.

a. What value of 𝑍 is to be used to solve the problem? (1 point)

b. Represent and compute for the area described in the problem. (3 points)

b. How many students will Rowell train? (2 points)

c. How many teachers gave a rating of at least 3.5? Show your solutions. (2
points)

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Unit 4: Standard Scores and the Normal Curve • Grade 11/12

Synthesis

Wrap-up To summarize the lesson, ask students the following

questions:
1. How do we identify regions under the normal curve?
2. What are the things to consider in identifying the
regions under the normal curve?

Application and Values To integrate values and build connection to the real world, ask
Integration students the following questions:
1. As a student, how will you connect the concept of areas
under the normal curve to daily living?
2. How important is it to learn this lesson in buying things
online (i.e. satisfaction rate)?

Bridge to the Next To spark interest for the next lesson, ask students the
Topic following questions:
1. What is percentile in Statistics?
2. What is the difference between being in the first rank
and being in the first percentile?

Bibliography
Ocampo, J. & Marquez, M. (2016). Conceptual Math & Beyond: Statistics and Probability.
Brilliant Creations

“STA 2023: Statistics: The Standard Normal Distribution & Applications.” Florida State
College at Jacksonville. Retrieved 10 July 2019 from
[Link]

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