1

Chapter I

INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Juvenile Delinquency is a global problem which is increasingly influencing

every segment of the society. It pertains to the unlawful act committed by the person

who has not yet reached the age of maturity (Shoemaker, 2018). As a social problem

existing in every country, it surfaces due to the influence exerted by an unsuitable

external environment on children's behavior (Ahmed & Murtaza, 2016).

Juvenile delinquency is the participation by a minor child, usually between the

ages of 10 and 17, in illegal behavior or activities. Juvenile delinquency is also used to

refer to children who exhibit a persistent behavior of mischievousness or disobedience,

so as to be considered out of parental control, becoming subject to legal action by the

court system. Juvenile delinquency is also known as “juvenile offending,” and each state

has a separate legal system in place to deal with juveniles who break the law. To

explore this concept, consider the following juvenile delinquency definition. (Kailyn

Champlin, 2022)

In Global, Juvenile delinquency has long been identified as an enduring

phenomenon in the United States. In 2010 alone, approximately 1,642,646 arrests were

made of individuals under the age of 18 (Snyder, Cooper, & Mulako-Wangota, 2012).

This number has gradually decreased in recent years, but it still makes up about 9% of

all arrests in the United States (Puzzanchera & Kang, 2017). Another manifestation of

the problem is the arrest rate. In 2014, 3,084 out of 100,000 persons age 10 to 17 were
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arrested, compared to 4,151 out of 100,000 persons age 18 and over (Puzzanchera &

Kang, 2017).

In Philippines, like any other country, suffers from a plethora of social issues

perpetuated by poverty and the inability to bridge the gap between social ranks. From

the lack of access to good education to widespread unemployment, there are numerous

reasons why crime rates continue to fluctuate year after year. One of the most pressing

issues in the Philippines, however, is the issue of juvenile delinquency. The number of

juvenile delinquents documented each year has been attributed to poverty, but

advocates and pundits claim that the problem lies largely in the failure of the State to

properly deal with the so-called “children in conflict with the law” (Cicl). (By Jasper Y.

Arcalas and Cedric Gallosa, Lauro Lamagna Jr. & Jovy Nelle Rodriguez / Lyceum Of

The Philippines University September 22, 2022)

In Maguindanao, more particularly in Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat

Maguindanao, the problems on juvenile delinquency are indeed one of the greater

concerned of the barangay officials to find its solutions in order to reduce the case of

juvenile delinquency in the community and as well as to give importance to the

education of the juveniles.

With this foregoing, the researchers wake their interest to determine the Factors

Affecting Juvenile Delinquency At Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao,

so that their education on this matter can given a proper solution to prevent the

juveniles commit crime.

Research Objective
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Generally, the main objective of the study is to identify the Factors Affecting

Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao.

Specifically, this study is sought to answer the following sub-problems:

1. To know the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of;

a) Age

b) Gender and;

c) Religion

2. To identify the factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu

Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao.

3. To determine the actions taken by the Barangay Chairman in order to help solve

the problems.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The scope of our study is for finding the factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at

Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao. The Socio-demographic profiles of

the respondents are included in order to find out who or how many young people

resides in the Barangay Awang are involved in the said problems which is the Factors

Affecting Juvenile Delinquency. The respondents of this research are only 30 selected

young people resides in Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao. In addition,

the gathered samples are confined with the random sampling procedures in obtaining

the respondents who are the subject of this research understanding. Hence, this is

within the first semester of the year 2022-2023 in the Barangay Awang Datu Odin

Sinsuat Maguindanao.
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Review of Related Literature

Juvenile delinquency is almost an outcome of rapid urbanization and

industrialization and have almost become a universal problem in most of the

industrialized countries. No single cause or simple explanation for the development of

delinquent behavior but there are different causes of delinquency namely: family aspect

of delinquency, physical, and biological factor (Hossain,2011).

In the modern society, juvenile delinquency is a complicated issue. Juvenile

Delinquency typically refers to the offense committed by individuals who are younger

than a certain age. It is a significant issue in the society because youthful misbehavior is

the basis of adult criminality.

Social-science evidence points strongly to the influence of parents as the chief

underlying cause of juvenile crime. A recent survey found that criminal parents are

much more likely to raise criminal offspring; 43% of prisoners had family members who

had been convicted and 35% had a family member who had been in jail (Green, 2005).

Young people frequently engage in illegal activity because of them surroundings.

Consequently, the socioeconomic setting and state of the primary cause of juvenile

delinquency includes poverty, parents’ ignorance, education levels, and inadequate

religious commitment political instability, practice, cultural conflict, and the effects of

migration, internet abuse, overuse of satellite channels, and other bad peer pressure,

the drug trade, the media, a lack of opportunities, and the consequent frustration.

Moreover, Becroft (2009) has find out that association with anti-social peers become a
 5

training ground for delinquent behavior and increases the chance of the youth to

become delinquent. A juvenile gang member considers his group as his family, such

associations, an individual acquires a sense of safety and security (“Juvenile,

Delinquency,” 2003).

In many societies, juvenile delinquency is a serious issue because it brings

victims and offenders great distress and harm. Currently, juveniles commit fewer

traditional offenses than they once did like lying, eluding capture, stealing, and

harassing girls within. Additionally, they engage in illegal, antisocial, and suspicious

actions which significantly impact the state of peace and order in the society. However,

the number of male offenders is growing daily, and they participate in a variety of

crimes, including murder, theft, hijacking, hurling acid, selling drugs and weapons,

killing, and eve joking, etc. Female offenders engage in a variety of activities crimes

such trafficking, hijacking, smuggling, and carrying unlicensed weapon and illicit

substances, maintaining fake currency, and dishonest practices.

The article by Mallet, Stoddard Dare, & Seck (2009) Indicates that between 40

and 60 percent of sentenced delinquents have been abused or neglected in some form.

The literature makes it very evident that abuse of children generally has a

detrimental impact on their development, However, the evidence is consistent regarding

the type of abuse that contributes the most to delinquency.

Some juvenile acts are being committed because of the ff. family related

reasons: lack of parental guidance, (2) neglect, and (3) presence of feud within the

family (Lening & Jianhong, 2007).

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Some people think that parents should be held responsible for any crimes

committed by these adolescents since they have an inherent responsibility to do so.

According to legislation governing parental responsibility, parents must be aware of their

children’s behavior. If parents have in any way assisted in the juvenile crimes committed

by their children, they may also face charges. Whatever the case, these rules continue

to ignore the potential that these juveniles could be joined by their guardians or foster

parents, who should also be held accountable for their crimes (Becroft, 2009).

Biological Factors

Studies indicate that biological factors, including genetics, may predispose a

child to commit violent crimes. (N Wartik, 1997)

In an article by Nancy Touchette in the Journal of NIH (National Institutes of

Health) Research (February 1994), she states that many neuroscientists now believe

that one key factor in violent behavior is a failure of impulse control. No one believes

that a simple neurochemical produces antisocial behavior, but evidence from several

laboratories shows that the neurotransmitter serotonin is a key player in impulse control.

Heredity can stack the deck toward violence through its influence on personality and

temperament, which are linked to physiological factors. A 1994 study found that birth

complications, such as a breech birth, significantly increased the likelihood that the child

would have a violent criminal record by age 18; he notes, however, that upbringing is

also critical in molding these children. The study speculates that these children may

have experienced damage to a part of the brain that helps curb aggressive impulses.

Most researchers agree that biology alone does not determine a child’s behavior;

biology combines with environment to determine behavior, whether good or bad. At the
 7

individual level, it is crucial that parents or other adults in a child’s life intervene quickly

when they spot troubling behavior patterns. (N Wartik, 1997)

Although early aggressive behavior is the most apparent and best predictor of

later delinquency, other individual factors may contribute to later antisocial behavior.

(e.g., Farrington, Loeber, and Van Kammen, 1990; Lynam, 1997).

Clinical studies of hyperactive children have shown that they also are at high risk

of delinquency (e.g., Loeber et al., 1995).

Family Aspect

Before embarking on a review of the effects of family structure, it is important to

raise the question of mechanisms. It may not be the family structure itself that increases

the risk of delinquency, but rather some other factor that explains why that structure is

present. Alternatively, a certain family structure may increase the risk of delinquency,

but only as one more stressor in a series; it may be the number rather than specific

nature of the stressors that is harmful. (Rutter et al., 1998)

Family Interaction

Growing up in a household that has gone through separation or divorce

historically has drawn a lot of attention as a family structure issue that increases the

likelihood of delinquency. Although numerous research has discovered a link between

dysfunctional families and criminality, the significance of the association is still a point of

contention. Being born and raised in a single-parent family has also been associated

with increased risk of delinquency and antisocial behavior. Research that considers the

socioeconomic conditions of single-parent households and other risks, including

disciplinary styles and problems in supervising and monitoring children, show that these
 8

other factors account for the differential outcomes in these families. The important role

of socioeconomic conditions is shown by the absence of differences in delinquency

between children in single-parent and two-parent homes within homogeneous

socioeconomic classes (Austin, 1978).

Another problem is the lack of specificity of effects of problems in childrearing

practices. In general, problems in each of these areas are likely to be associated with

problems of a variety of types of performance and behavior in school, with peers, with

authorities, and eventually with partners and offspring. There are also some children

who appear to elicit punishing behavior from parents, and this may predate such

parenting. Therefore, it is necessary to take account of children’s behavior as a potential

confounder of the relationship between early parenting and later child problems

because harsh parenting may be a response to a particular child’s behavior (Tremblay,

1995).

Reductions in delinquency between the ages of 15 and 17 years appear to be

related to friendly interaction between teenagers and their parents, a situation that

seems to promote school attachment and stronger family ties (Liska and Reed, 1985)

Physical Factor

There are many ways in which human body can contribute to delinquent

behavior. Physical factors are not just the result of our heredity, but environment also

plays an important role in shaping our body. The more a person is exposed to its

environment the more he/she will get influenced from it. A child who has acquired poor

genetic makeup can improve due to positive environmental exposure. (K.M. Banham,

2018)
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Prenatal and perinatal complications can lead to a range of health problems that

negatively influence development (McCord, Widom, and Crowell, 2001).

In a prospective study of youth at high risk for delinquency, 80 percent of violent

offenders rated high in delivery complications compared with 47 percent of

nonoffenders. (Kandel and Mednick, 1991).

Kandel, E., Brennan, P.A., Mednick, S.A., and Michelson, N.M. 1989. Minor

psychical anomalies and recidivistic adult violent criminal behavior.

Loeber, R., and Farrington, D.P., eds. 2001. Child Delinquents: Development,

Intervention, and Service Needs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

McCord, J. 1979. Some child-rearing antecedents of criminal behavior in adult

men.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2001. Juvenile

Crime, Juvenile Justice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.

[Link]

Theoretical Framework

Through an understanding of causes of juvenile delinquency society may come

to deal preventively with delinquency; certainly treatment of the offender needs to be

based upon an understanding of the causal mechanisms that have produced him. In

this paper we will be describing the two theories of juvenile delinquency such as Social

Learning Theory and General Strain Theory.

This study is supported by the theory of Albert Bandura in 1977, a Stanford

University psychology professor, published Social Learning Theory, in which he

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postulated that human learning is a continuous reciprocal interaction of cognitive,

behavioral, and environmental factors. Sometimes called observational learning, social

learning theory focuses on behavior modeling, in which the child observes and then

imitates the behavior of adults or other children around him or her (Wiesner, Capaldi,

Patterson, 2003, p.) Bandura determined that certain types of children learn to perform

violent and aggressive actions by observing and then modeling their behavior after what

they have seen.

In General Strain theorists have long argued that once a person is removed from

a situation of anomie or frustration, negative behavior will recede (Henry, Tolan,

Gorman-Smith, 2001, p. 173). Agnew’s (1992) General Strain Theory offers a promising

framework for understanding Juvenile Delinquency. A major type of Strain, according to

Agnew’s General Strain Theory, consists of experiencing unpleasant events or

circumstances, including aversive situations at home, particularly arguments and

violence (Broidy, 2001, p.) The theory proposes that adolescents are pressed into

delinquency by negative emotional reactions that result from being situated in an

aversive situation from which they cannot escape. This blockage frustrates the

adolescent and may lead to desperate avoidance and/or anger-based delinquency

(Broidy, 2001, p. 23).

In this theories, the researchers want to seek the factors affecting the Juvenile

Delinquency and they want to know what would be the reasons why the child is being

engaged with such actions in that particular Barangay. However, researchers believed

that people can change, whenever they are given proper information dissemination as
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well as the right education about what would be the factors affecting Juvenile

Delinquency.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Socio-Demographic Profile of
the Respondents in terms of:

Age
Gende Factors Affecting Juvenile
r Delinquency
Religio
n and
Educa
tional attainment

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of Conceptual Model

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Conceptual Framework

Figure 1 presents the conceptual framework of the study. It consists of two

variables, Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of: Age, Gender,

Religion and Educational attainment as an independent variable and Factors Affecting

Juvenile Delinquency as the dependent variable.

In Figure 1 Socio-Demographic Profile of the Respondents in terms of: Age,

Gender, Religion and Educational attainment as independent variable, this would be

referring to the young people resides in Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat

Maguindanao. Another variable, Factors Affecting Juvenile Delinquency refers to the

factors which can lead the juveniles commits crime such as Violence at home, Lack of

Moral guidance and Supervision, Poor educational quality/lack of Education, Substance

abuse, Poverty, Peer pressure, Psychological problem of the parent, Conflict in family,

Broken family/ Single parent families, Influence of the people which is this is some of

the factors affecting the Juvenile Delinquency.

The figure 1 explains that the Dependent variables which is the Factors Affecting

Juvenile Delinquency will affect the independent variable.

Significance of the Study

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This research would be beneficial to the residents of Barangay Awang Datu Odin

Sinsuat Maguindanao, because they will know the Factors Affecting Juvenile

Delinquency in their own Barangay. In this study it would be beneficial to the Barangay

Officials it is because they can be aware of the Factors Affecting Juvenile Delinquency

so that they can find or make solutions to the said problem. And also this research study

would be beneficial to the teachers especially to an elementary teachers because they

will be able to understand why their students commit or engage in an unlawful

behaviors, so that they can easily cope up to their students behaviors. It can also be

beneficial to the Parents so that they can know the factors affecting Juvenile

Delinquency so that the parents could help to prevent or avoid Juvenile Delinquency.

And lastly, This research would be beneficial to the future researchers because they

can get some informations that might needed in their research and some of their

questions may possibly be answered by this research.

Definition of Terms

This study has new concepts and terms which is need to be operationally defined

for better understanding of the problem such as follows;

Affecting-to produce an effect upon (someone or something)

Delinquent- (typically of a young person or that person’s behavior) showing or

characterized by a tendency to commit crime, particularly minor crime.

Delinquency- minor crime, especially that committed by young people.

Factors- a circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result or

outcome.
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Juvenile- relating to a young person who is not yet old enough to be considered

an adult: juvenile crime/offenders.

Juvenile Delinquency- the habitual committing of criminal acts or offenses by a

young person, especially one below the age at which ordinary criminal prosecution is

possible.

Chapter ll

METHOD

This chapter presents a discussion on the methods and procedures used by the

researchers in the conduct of this study. This includes the research design, research

locale, research respondents, research instrument, data gathering procedure and the

statistical treatment of data in this study.

Research Design

The study used a mixed type of research methods. This method involves

collecting and analyzing data of a certain population being studied in terms of their

socio-demographic profiles including their opinions/ knowledge about the behavior

towards a certain social phenomena. In particular, the Factors Affecting Juvenile

Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao is sought to collect

and analyze in this study. This includes collection of the chosen populations profile, their

knowledge about the Factors Affecting Juvenile Delinquency. Hence, Mixed type of

research methods is more appropriate to be used in this study on the Factors Affecting

Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao.

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Research Locale

The study will be conducted in Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat

Maguindanao. The respondents will be interviewed in their houses or any comfortable

place that the respondent will choose to. These respondents will be interviewed

personally. The researchers chose the place of implementation because it will give the

researchers the needed information for their study regarding factors affecting Juvenile

Delinquency. The study will be conducted in the first mester of the academic year 2022-

2023.

Research Respondents

The researchers choose the residents of Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat

Maguindanao as the research respondents of this study. A maximum number of thirty

(30) respondents are to be taken to be the key participants and informants in giving the

data and information about the Factors Affecting Juvenile Delinquency in their own

Barangay. In addition, the respondents are randomly chosen through a purposive

random sampling procedure until the desired thirty (30) respondents are completed.

They are approached individually, instructed clearly and treated kindly to ensure that the

data can be affirmed completely through their responses as they answered the survey

questionnaire given to them before the respondents left the accomplished questionnaire

is instantly checked to ensure that they have no items asked left unanswered in such

research instrument.
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Research Instrument

In this study, the researchers were able to develop a Likert Scale survey

questionnaire as the primary research tool in gathering of necessary data and important

information from the chosen respondents. This questionnaire contains items that

present indicators and variables of the study including those that find profile of the

respondents and that indicate the Factors Affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay

Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao.

To find out the Factors Affecting Juvenile Delinquency the presented indicators

were rated by the respondents to measure these variables through the following rating

scale and range of mean internal with descriptive equivalent:

Range of mean Descriptive Equivalent

1.0 – 1.8 Strongly Disagree

1.9 – 2.6 Disagree

2.7 – 3.4 Uncertain/neither

3.5 – 4.2 Agree

4.3 – 5.0 Strongly Agree

Data Gathering Procedure

In this study, the researches devised steps and procedures to be followed in the

gathering of data from the respondents such as the following steps:

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1. The initial phase securing permission letters from the adviser of this thesis

writing and from the chairman of this barangay to allow us in the conduct of this present

study with the letter to the respondents attached in the survey questionnaire.

2. Upon approval, the distribution of the researchers instrument to the

respondents has followed and the researchers retrieved and checked each before the

respondents left to ensure complete data from them.

3. Finally, the researchers classified the data, tabulated them and chose

appropriate statistical tools to compute and measure the findings of this through its

analysis and interpretation phases.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Several statistical tools were utilized by the researchers in computing the

quantitative data to analyze and interpret these with particular statistical as follows:

Frequency Percentage. This was used in presenting the frequency distribution

of the respondents profile such as their age, gender, religion and educational attainment

as indicated in the research instrument.

Mean. This can measure the mean scores or average responses on the items

asked in the research instruments that presents indicators on the Factors Affecting

Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao as they

rated these indicators with a rating scale as identified in the research instrument to

answer problem number 2.

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Chapter III

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the findings and its analysis and interpretation of data. This

includes presentation of the socio-demographic profile of the respondents, the factors

affecting Juvenile Delinquency and the actions taken by the Barangay Chairwoman in

order to help solve the problems.

The Profile of the Respondents

There were thirty (30) respondents who were key informants of this study and the

respondents determine the factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang

Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao, the profile of the respondents was described

according to their age, gender and religion.

Age

Table 1, presents the age distribution of the respondents. This reveals that out of

thirty (30) respondents, 17 or 56.7 percent were 12-14 years old, followed by both ages

15-17 and 9-11 years old with 5 or 16.6 percent and 3 or 10 percent were 6-8 years old.

It was observed that the majority of the respondents were 12-14 years old.
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Table 1

Age Distribution of the Respondents

Age Frequency Percentage

12-14 17 56.7%

15-17 5 16.6%

9-11 5 16.6%

6-8 3 10%

TOTAL 30 100%

Gender

As shown in table 2, the gender distribution of the respondents shows that there

were 17 or 56.7 percent male respondents while there were 13 or 43.3 percent female

respondents. This simply implies that the male individuals outnumber the female

individuals in responding to this study.

Table 2

Gender Distribution of the Respondents

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Gender Frequency Percentage

Male 17 56.7%

Female 13 43.3%

TOTAL 30 100%

Religion

As Indicated in table 3, the frequency distribution of the religion of the

respondents shows that there were 18 or 60 percent Islam, 9 or 30 percent Catholic and

3 or 10 percent lumads. This indicates that Islam dominates the entire sampling

population.

Table 3

Religion Distribution of the Respondents

Religion Frequency Percentage

Islam 18 60%

Catholic 9 30%

Lumads 3 10%

TOTAL 30 100%
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Factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat

Maguindanao

To determine the Factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang

Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao, there were ten (10) indicators which were presented

to the respondents and they were asked to rate these indicators such as the rating

scales of 5- strongly agree, 4- agree , 3- uncertain/neither, 2- disagree and 1 strongly

disagree.

As indicated in table 4, the factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay

Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao. It shows that indicators 1 and 6 are the only

high category of respondents and the rest were rated agree.

Among others, both indicator number 1 and 6 has the highest mean rating score

which is 4.3 in which the respondents think that violence at home and peer pressure are

the main factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency in their Barangay.

Furthermore, the rest of the given indicators were perceived agree by the

respondents such as lack of moral guidance and supervision (4.2), poor educational

quality/lack of education (4.0), substance abuse (4.1), poverty (4.2), psychological

problem of the parent (3.9), conflict in family (4.2), broken family (4.2), influence of the

people (3.8). Therefore, it is inferred that the respondents only agree to the rest of the

given indicators on the factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency in their own Barangay and

the total area mean are 4.12 which is agree

Table 4
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Mean Ratings on the Factors Affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay

Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao

Indicators Mean Description

1. Violence at home 4.3 Strongly Agree

2. Lack of moral guidance and supervision 4.2 Agree

3. Poor educational quality/lack of education 4.0 Agree

4. Substance abuse 4.1 Agree

5. Poverty 4.2 Agree

6. Peer pressure 4.3 Strongly Agree

Agree
7. Psychological problem of the parent 3.9

Agree
8. Conflict in family 4.2

Agree
9. Broken family 4.2

Agree
10. Influence of the people 3.8

TOTAL AREA MEAN 4.12 Agree

Actions Taken by the Barangay Chairwoman

Most of the opinions of the respondents are that juvenile delinquency is also

caused by the parents or their behavior is affected by the improper discipline of their

children and there are few respondents who said that they are influenced by their
 23

friends. And when it comes to the recommendation of the respondents about what

Barangay officials should do, is that they should have to conduct a seminar for juveniles

to reduce such behavior.

The Barangay should strengthening the implementing of curfew hours for minors

in order that young people they can avoid to make a wrongful act…and also making

programs about the youth organization or association in order that young people

participated in the activities of the barangay for the development of the physical, mental

and emotional aspect.

Chapter IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Restatement of the Problem and Methodology

The study determined the Factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay

Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao.

Specially, the study also sought to find answers on the following sub- problem;

1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the respondents in terms of their age,

gender, and religion?

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2. What is the factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu Odin

Sinsuat Maguindanao?

3. What should be the actions taken by the Barangay Chairwoman in order to help

solve the problem.

The study was conducted among thirty (30) residents of Barangay Awang Datu

Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao, used a descriptive type of research design with structural

survey questionnaire to obtain data by random sampling procedure and used an

appropriate statistical tools for the analysis of findings and interpretation of data for this

study.

Summary of the Findings

Determining the Factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu

Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao has yielded the following major findings;

1. It is indicate that majority of the respondents are in 12-14 year old which is

56.7%.

2. Male respondents comprise of 56.7% while females are 43.3% implying that

males outnumbered the female individuals.

3. Islam respondents are 18 or 60%, the Catholic respondents are 9 or 30% and

Lumads respondents are only 3 or 10%. This indicates that Islam dominates the

entire sampling population.

4. The factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency at Barangay Awang Datu Odin

Sinsuat Maguindanao has obtained an area mean of 4.12 having a description of

agree category of the responses. This means that the respondents have agreed
 25

on the given factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency in their own Barangay.

Among others they are strongly agreed on the factor indicated which is the

violence at home and peer pressure, and the lowest rate in the factors indicated

is the influence of the people.

5. Most of the opinions of the respondents are that juvenile delinquency is also

caused by the parents or their behavior is affected by the improper discipline of

their children and there are few respondents who said that they are influenced

by their friends. And when it comes to the recommendation of the respondents

about what Barangay officials should do, is that they should have to conduct a

seminar for juveniles to reduce such behavior.

Conclusion

In view of the major findings of the study, the researchers feel safe to conclude

that the respondents mostly agree on the given factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency

at Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao. Among others they are strongly

agreed on the factor indicated which is the violence at home and peer pressure, so it

means that violence at home as well as peer pressure will really affect the juvenile to

commit a certain crime, and the lowest rate in the factors indicated is the influence of

the people. Obviously influence of the people is not really the factor why juveniles can

commit a crime in their own Barangay.

Recommendations

With the foregoing major findings and brief conclusion, the researchers suggest

recommendation is that the Barangay leaders and officials should conduct a “Parent-
 26

Child Interaction Training Program”. It is a program to teach parenting skills to parents

of children who exhibit major behavioral problems. The program places parents and

children in interactive situations. A therapist guides the parents, educating them on how

best to respond to their child’s behavior, whether positive or negative. This program will

help parents to have a good interaction with their children and parents can also teach

their children what is right and wrong actions or behavior as well as who and what they

should be friends with to prevent and reduce Juvenile Delinquency in their Barangay.

REFERENCES

Ahmed & Murtaza, (2016). Introduction to Juvenile Delinquency in the

Philippines.

Kailyn Champlin, 2022). [Link]

(Cicl). By Jasper Y. Arcalas and Cedric Gallosa, Lauro Lamagna Jr. & Jovy Nelle

Rodriguez / Lyceum Of The Philippines University September 22, 2022. Uvenile-

delinquency-in-the-philippines/#:~:text=What%20Is%20Juvenile%20Delinquency%20in,fall

%20under%20crimes%20against%20property
 27

Kandel, E., Brennan, P.A., Mednick, S.A., and Michelson, N.M.

1989. Minor psychical anomalies and recidivistic adult violent criminal
behavior.

Loeber, R., and Farrington, D.P., eds. 2001. Child Delinquents:

Development, Intervention, and Service Needs. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.

McCord, J. 1979. Some child-rearing antecedents of criminal behavior in adult men.

National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2001. Juvenile Crime,

Juvenile Justice. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
[Link]

HEADSTART COLLEGE OF COTABATO

Main: Datu Balabaran, Mother Barangay Tamontaka
Annex: Japal Guiani Sr. Street
Cotabato City

FEBRUARY 14, 2023

HON BAI SHARIFA BANDILA SINSUAT

Barangay Chairwoman
Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat
Maguindanao

Madam:

Peace be with you!

 28

The undersigned is presently working their thesis entitled “ FACTORS AFFECTING

JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AT BARANGAY AWANG DATU ODIN SINSUAT” as a
requirement for their degree of Bachelor of Science in Criminology
at the Headstart College of Cotabato, Cotabato City.

With this regard, the researchers would like to ask humbly

permission to conduct the study by interviewing and distributing
questionnaires in your respective institution. The gathered
information from your barangay will be treated with the strictest
confidentiality.

May this request be granted with your positive response to the success of this research
endeavor.

Thank you very much and more power.

Respectfully yours,

JOCELYN K. BELARMINO
DATU YMMAN BARAGUIR
SU-AIB B. BARA
Researchers

Noted By:

SAMAD B. ANONG,RCrim,MSCJ
Thesis Adviser

Appendix B

HEADSTART COLLEGE OF COTABATO

Datu Balabaran Mother Barangay Tamontaka
Cotabato City

LETTER TO THE RESPONDENT

Date: FEBRUARY 14, 2023

Dear Respondent:
 29

You are one of the very few individuals selected for the present study entitled
“FACTORS AFFECTING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AT
BARANGAY AWANG DATU ODIN SINSUAT
MAGUINDANAO”.

Please answer the questions in this survey form as

completely as possible. All your answer will be kept in strict confidential. No one will
know your responses since they will be coded to protect your identity. Your cooperation
in accomplishing this form will be of great help in the partial fulfillment of the degree
Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BS Crim), will be highly appreciated.

Thank you very much for your great assistance.

Respectfully yours,
JOCELYN K. BELARMINO
DATU YMMAN BARAGUIR
SU-AIB BARA
Researchers

Noted by:
SAMAD B. ANONG,RCrim, MSCJ
Thesis Adviser

Appendix C

HEADSTART COLLEGE OF COTABATO

COTABATO CITY

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE ON FACTORS AFFECTING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

AT BARANGAY AWANG DATU ODIN SINSUAT MAGUINDANAO

PART I: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

 30

Direction: Put a check on the box provided that corresponds to your answer each

questions accordingly.

Name (Optional): ______________________________

Age:

15-17

12-14

9-11

6-8

Gender:

Male Female

Religion:

Islam Catholic Lumad

PART II: FACTORS AFFECTING JUVENILE DELINQUENCY

Directions: For each statement in the survey, please indicate how much you agree or
disagree with the statement by putting a check in the box on the right side of each
statement. There are no right or wrong answers. Your answers will be kept strictly
confidential and you will not be identified.
Scale:
5- Strongly Agree
4- Agree
3- Uncertain/neither
 31

2- Disagree
1-Strongly Disagree

Factors Affecting Juvenile 5 4 3 2 1

Delinquency
Strongly Agree Uncertain/ Disagree Strongly
Agree disagree
Neither

1. Violence at home

2. Lack of moral
guidance and
Supervision

3. Poor Educational
quality/ lack of
Education

4. Substance abuse

5. Poverty

6. Peer pressure

7. Psychological problem
of the parent

8. Conflict in family

9. Broken Family

10. Influence of the people

PART III: OPINION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. What can you say about the factors affecting Juvenile Delinquency in

Barangay Awang Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao?

 32

________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

________________________________

2. What should be the actions taken by the Barangay Chairman/Chairwoman

in order to help solve the problem?

________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

________________________________

CURRICULUM VITAE

Jocelyn K. Belarmino
 33

Cell No. 09777409099

Personal Information:

Nick Name: “Jo”

Place of Birth: Barangay tanuel Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao

Date of Birth: June 25, 2000

Citizenship: Filipino

Height: 5’5

Provincial Address: Maguindanao

Father’s Name: Jun Belarmino

Mother Name: Marilyn Belarmino

Address: Barangay tanuel Datu Odin Sinsuat Maguindanao

Tribe: Maguindanaon

Religion: Islam

Educational Background

Elementary: Vilo Elementary school (2011-2012)

Secondary: Camp Siongco National High school (2018-2019)

College: Headstart College of Cotabato (2022-2023)

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BS Crim)

CURRICULUM VITAE

Datu Ymman Baraguir

 34

Cell No.09653297496

Personal Information:

Nick Name: “ YMMAN”

Place of Birth: Cotabato City

Date of Birth: May 16, 1999

Citizenship:Filipino

Height:5’8

Provincial Address: Salimbo Sultan Kudarat Maguindanao

Father’s Name: Ysmael N. Baraguir

Mother Name: Ma. Bernadette P. Baraguir

Address: Barangay Salimbao, Sultan Kudarat Maguindanao

Tribe: Maguindanaon

Religion: Islam

Educational Background

Elementary: Cotabato City Cental Pilot (2010-2011)

Secondary: Notre Dame of Cotabato (2014-2015)

College: Headstart College of Cotabato (2022-2023)

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BS Crim)

CURRICULUM VITAE

Su-aib B. Bara
 35

Cell No.09678572215

Personal Information:

Nick Name: “Su-aib”

Place of Birth:Salaman Kapatagan Lanao Del Sur

Date of Birth: September 3, 1999

Citizenship: Filipino

Height: 5’9

Provincial Address:Salaman Kapatagan Lanao Del Sur

Father’s Name: Abdulgapor U. Bara

Mother Name: Cosna [Link]

Address:Salaman Kapatagan Lanao Del Sur

Tribe: Iranun

Religion:Islam

Educational Background

Elementary:Notre Dame University- Elementary Training Department (2011-

2012)

Secondary: Notre Dame University Junior High School (2015-2016)

College: Headstart College of Cotabato (2022-2023)

Degree: Bachelor of Science in Criminology (BS Crim)