INTRODUCTION
TO CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT
Management: need and necessity
Role of Architects in Construction Management
CONSTRUCTION 1. Construction is a general
term meaning the art and
science to form objects,
systems, or
organizations.(From
Wikipedia)
2. Construction is the
process that sets up a
portable plant, bring
material to the site, and
on completion of the work
moves the plant away,
leaving its output
standing.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
• Residential
• Cooperatives, town houses, apartments, single family home
• Owners may be development companies or individual owners
• Fairly low tech
• Building Construction Projects
• Office buildings, large apartment buildings, shopping malls, theaters
• Dependent on economy
• Designed by architects with engineering support
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
• Heavy Construction
• Roads, bridges, dams, tunnels, water & wastewater systems
• Designed by engineers
• Usually public projects
• Industrial Projects
• Steel mills, petroleum refineries, chemical processing plants, auto
production facilities
• Specialized design and construction
• Limited companies do this work
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
F.W. Taylor (1856-1915) (Father of scientific management) defines
“Management is knowing exactly what you want people to do and then
seeing that the do it in best and in cheapest way”.
Mary Palker Follet (1868-1933) defined management “The art of getting
things done through people.” She described management as philosophy.
Some people, however, find this definition useful but far too narrow. The
phrase “Management is what managers do” occurs widely, suggesting the
difficulty of defining management, the shifting nature of definitions, and the
connection of managerial practices with the existence of a managerial cadre
or class.
MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS
MANAGEMENT INCLUDES
• Planning: Deciding what needs to happen in the future and generating plans
for action
• Organizing: Implementing a pattern of relationships among workers and
making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful
carrying out of plans.
• Staffing: Job analysis, recruitment, and hiring of people with the necessary
skills for appropriate jobs. Providing or facilitating ongoing training, if
necessary, to keep skills current.
• Leading/directing: Determining what needs to be done in a situation and
getting people to do it.
MANAGEMENT INCLUDES
• Controlling/monitoring: Checking current outcomes against forecast plans
and adjusting when necessary so that goals are achieved.
• Motivating: Motivation is a basic function of management because without
motivation, employees may feel disconnected from their work and the
organization, which can lead to ineffective performance. If managers do not
motivate their employees, they may not feel their work is contributing to
the overall goals of the organization (which are usually set by top-level
management).
Management Frameworks
Management Levels
• Set objectives
• Scan Environment
• Plan and make decision
• Allocate resources
• Oversee lower mangers
• Report to top management
• Develop and implement activities
• Coordinate activities
• Supervise employees
• Report to middle managers
• Involved in day-to-day operations
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
• Construction management (CM) is a
professional service that uses
specialized, project management
techniques to oversee the planning,
design, and construction of a
project, from its beginning to its
end.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
• Construction management (cm) is a professional service that provides a
project’s owner(s) with effective management of the project's schedule,
cost, quality, safety, scope, and function.
• The purpose of CM is to control a project's time / delivery, cost and quality—
sometimes referred to as a project management triangle or "triple
constraints.
• Professional construction managers may be reserved for lengthy, large-scale,
high budget undertakings (commercial real estate, transportation
infrastructure, industrial facilities, and military infrastructure), called capital
projects.
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
characteristics
• Defined goal or objective
• Specific tasks not routinely performed
• Defined beginning and end
• Defined deliverables
• Resources being consumed
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
A construction project is made up of three parties (excluding the
construction manager):
• The owner/client: who commissions the project and either
funds the project directly or finances it through a variety of
methods.
• The consultant: the architect/engineer, who designs the project.
• The contractor: who oversees day-to-day operations and
manages subcontractors.
PROJECT MANAGER AND HIS ROLE
L.R. Sayles “project managers function as band leaders who pull together their
players - each a specialist with individual score and internal rhythm. Under the
leader’s direction, they all respond to the same beat.” Provides oversight over
the entire project directly for the owner.
• Project Definition • LEADERSHIP AND • MANAGING DEPENDENCIES
• Document MOTIVATION
Management • ATTEND MEETINGS
• PROGRESS MONITORING • QUALITY ASSURANCE AND
• Stakeholder
Engagement • RISK AND ISSUE CONTROL
• Project planning MANAGEMENT • CHANGE CONTROL
• Resource allocation
• DELIVERY AND CONTROL • PROJECT CLOSURE
• BUDGET MANAGEMENT • REVIEW LESSONS LEARNED
Need and necessity of Construction Management
1. Construction is a fundamental function of development in any country. So
it is necessary to manage it properly.
2. Employment,
3. Construction involves many stakeholders like owner, contractor,
consultancies, all of them seek their roles and contributions rightly
invested, and this can be done only through CM.
4. Because of construction, it is likely to bring natural imbalances and severely
affecting the environment, as a result, human beings' survival may be
endangered in due course of time, and hence CM is necessary,
Need and necessity of Construction Management
1. Documentation 2. Material 3. Construction is 4. Construction 5. Because of 6. Proper 7. Timely
and keeping their Management is by its nature involves many construction, it is Communication completion is one
stakeholders on one of the major involve lot of stakeholders like likely to bring and discussion is of the major factor
their right roles is factor needed in budget and the owner, contractor, natural imbalances one of the human needed in
one of the human construction, budget must be consultancies, all and severely parts of roles of construction,
parts of roles of which can be spent in the right of them seek their affecting the CM, which can be
CM, attained only work, roles and environment, as a attained only
through CM. contributions result, human through CM.
rightly invested, beings' survival
and this can be may be
done only through endangered in due
CM. course of time,
and hence CM is
necessary,
Source:-Project Management Institute (PMI)
Relation between client, consultant and
Contractor.
A construction demands multi trade human resources, multi folds of
materials at different stages, remaining within the allocated budget
and financial functions need to happen at the right time. So, the
construction team is generally comprising of the following parties of
3cs- Owner/Client
Construction
Project
Consultant Contractor
Relationship between client, consultant and contractor
THE CLIENT
Client organization is complex in nature. Client may be owner, occupier,
developer, implementing agency etc. Client may be a government department,
ministry, a public corporation, privet limited organization, partnership
organization, ngo’s ingos, a individual – entrepreneur, user etc. The client has
the following roles-
• Set clear objectives
• Communicate objectives to all parties – prepare a good project brief
• Take responsibility in selecting project team
• Timely decision
• Be involved in the construction process contributing positively
CONTRACTORS
The contractor is bound to carry out construction work as per directions and
instruction of the consultant. The instructions issued by the consultant
make legal bases for payment. The contractor has the following roles-
• Constructs the facility as per design and drawings,
• Obeys the changes instructed by the consultant in written on behalf of the
owner,
• Prepares bills of his work and submits to the consultant for the
recommendation to the owner for payments,
• Improves and rectifies the defects,
• Clears taxes and prepares bills for the finals etc.
CONSULTANTS
The client hires the consultant to perform engineering works for his side.
Whatever engineering decisions are taken, it is the consultant at first to accept
them and then to convey to the owner for final approval. Its roles are-
Design and plans the facility for the owner for construction,
Control the quality of work for the owner,
Approves the technical aspects for the owner,
Instruct the contractor for any change for the owner,
Recommend the bills for payment to the owner
ARCTHITECT
• An architect Is a person who plans, designs and oversees the construction
of buildings.(From Wikipedia)
• Dreamer
• Originator
• Planner
• Leader
• Co-ordination of activities
Role of Architects in Construction Management
• Pre-tender Stage
a. Design stage
b. Contract Administration Stage
• Construction Stage
Role of Architects in Construction Management
1. Pre-tender Stage
A. Design Stage:
• Plan, profound and design with site condition, environment,
clients and functional requirements, cost effective and material
available.
• Coordinate various discipline
• Cost of the project
• Prepare drawings
Role of Architects in Construction Management
B. Contract Administration Stage:
• Selection process of contractor and necessary preparation
• Monitoring of process and assurance of quality control
• Monitoring and Validation of contractor timely payments
• Certification
Role of Architects in Construction Management
2. Construction Stage
• Ensure the construction work as per drawing, specification
and estimate
• Supervision
• Cost, quality and time control
• Study and recommend time extension
• Demonstrate realistic and professional judgment in technical
matter
