Virtualization and Cloud
Course: Fundamentals of Information technology (IT211&IT111)
BPC, 452
Lecture 9
Contents
1. What is virtualization?
2. benefits of virtualization
3. different types of virtualization
4. Difference between virtualization and cloud computing
2
What is virtualization?
• To properly understand Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), you first need to
understand some basic concepts in virtualization.
• Virtualization is a process that allows a computer to share its hardware resources with
multiple digitally separated environments.
• Each virtualized environment runs within its allocated resources, such as memory,
processing power, and storage.
• With virtualization, organizations can switch between different operating systems on the
same server without rebooting.
• Virtual machines and hypervisors are two important concepts in virtualization.
3
Virtual machine
• A virtual machine is a software-defined computer that runs on a physical
computer with a separate operating system and computing resources.
• The physical computer is called the host machine and virtual machines
are guest machines.
• Multiple virtual machines can run on a single physical machine.
• Virtual machines are abstracted from the computer hardware by a
hypervisor.
4
Hypervisor
• The hypervisor is a software component that manages multiple virtual machines in a computer. It ensures
that each virtual machine gets the allocated resources and does not interfere with the operation of other
virtual machines. There are two types of hypervisors.
• Type 1 hypervisor
• A type 1 hypervisor, or bare-metal hypervisor, is a hypervisor program installed directly on the computer’s
hardware instead of the operating system. Therefore, type 1 hypervisors have better performance and are
commonly used by enterprise applications. KVM uses the type 1 hypervisor to host multiple virtual
machines on the Linux operating system.
• Type 2 hypervisor
• Also known as a hosted hypervisor, the type 2 hypervisor is installed on an operating system. Type 2
hypervisors are suitable for end-user computing. 5
What are the benefits of virtualization?
• Virtualization provides several benefits to any organization:
• Efficient resource use
• Virtualization improves hardware resources used in your data center. For
example, instead of running one server on one computer system, you can create
a virtual server pool on the same computer system by using and returning
servers to the pool as required.
• Having fewer underlying physical servers frees up space in your data center and
saves money on electricity, generators, and cooling appliances.
6
What are the benefits of virtualization?
• Automated IT management
• Now that physical computers are virtual, you can manage them by using
software tools.
• Administrators create deployment and configuration programs to define
virtual machine templates.
• You can duplicate your infrastructure repeatedly and consistently and avoid
error-prone manual configurations.
7
What are the benefits of virtualization?
• Faster disaster recovery
• When events such as natural disasters or cyberattacks negatively affect
business operations, regaining access to IT infrastructure and replacing
or fixing a physical server can take hours or even days.
• By contrast, the process takes minutes with virtualized environments.
This prompt response significantly improves resiliency and
facilitates business continuity so that operations can continue as
scheduled.
8
How does virtualization work?
• Virtualization uses specialized software, called a hypervisor, to create several
cloud instances or virtual machines on one physical computer.
• Cloud instances or virtual machines
• After you install virtualization software on your computer, you can create
one or more virtual machines.
• You can access the virtual machines in the same way that you access other
applications on your computer.
• Your computer is called the host, and the virtual machine is called the guest.
Several guests can run on the host.
• Each guest has its own operating system, which can be the same or different
from the host operating system.
9
What are the different types of virtualization?
• Server virtualization
• Server virtualization is a process that partitions a physical server into multiple
virtual servers.
• It is an efficient and cost-effective way to use server resources and deploy IT
services in an organization.
• Without server virtualization, physical servers use only a small amount of their
processing capacities, which leave devices idle.
10
What are the different types of virtualization?
• Storage virtualization
• Storage virtualization combines the functions of physical storage devices such
as network attached storage (NAS) and storage area network (SAN).
• Storage virtualization uses all your physical data storage and creates a large
unit of virtual storage that you can assign and control by using management
software.
• IT administrators can streamline storage activities, such as archiving, backup,
and recovery, because they can combine multiple network storage devices
virtually into a single storage device.
11
What are the different types of virtualization?
• Network virtualization
• Any computer network has hardware elements such as switches, routers, and
firewalls.
• An organization with offices in multiple geographic locations can have several
different network technologies working together to create its enterprise network.
• Network virtualization is a process that combines all of these network resources
to centralize administrative tasks.
• Administrators can adjust and control these elements virtually without touching
the physical components, which greatly simplifies network management
12
The following are two approaches to network
virtualization.
• Software-defined networking
• Software-defined networking (SDN) controls traffic routing by taking over routing
management from data routing in the physical environment. For example, you can
program your system to prioritize your video call traffic over application traffic to
ensure consistent call quality in all online meetings.
• Network function virtualization
• Network function virtualization technology combines the functions of network
appliances, such as firewalls, load balancers, and traffic analyzers that work
together, to improve network performance.
13
What are the different types of virtualization?
• Data virtualization
• Modern organizations collect data from several sources and store it in different formats.
• They might also store data in different places, such as in a cloud infrastructure and an on-premises
data center.
• Data virtualization creates a software layer between this data and the applications that need it.
• Data virtualization tools process an application’s data request and return results in a suitable
format.
• Thus, organizations use data virtualization solutions to increase flexibility for data integration and
support cross-functional data analysis.
14
What are the different types of virtualization?
• Application virtualization
• Application virtualization pulls out the functions of applications to run on operating systems other than the
operating systems for which they were designed. For example, users can run a Microsoft Windows
application on a Linux machine without changing the machine configuration. To achieve application
virtualization, follow these practices:
• Application streaming – Users stream the application from a remote server, so it runs only on the end user's
device when needed.
• Server-based application virtualization – Users can access the remote application from their browser or
client interface without installing it.
• Local application virtualization – The application code is shipped with its own environment to run on all
operating systems without changes.
15
What are the different types of virtualization?
• Desktop virtualization
• Most organizations have nontechnical staff that use desktop operating systems to run
common business applications. For instance, you might have the following staff:
• A customer service team that requires a desktop computer with Windows 10 and customer-
relationship management software
• A marketing team that requires Windows Vista for sales applications
• You can use desktop virtualization to run these different desktop operating systems on
virtual machines, which your teams can access remotely. This type of virtualization makes
desktop management efficient and secure, saving money on desktop hardware.
16
How is virtualization different from cloud computing?
• Cloud computing is the on-demand delivery of computing resources over the
internet with pay-as-you-go pricing. Instead of buying, owning, and maintaining a
physical data center, you can access technology services, such as computing
power, storage, and databases, as you need them from a cloud provider.
• Virtualization technology makes cloud computing possible. Cloud providers set up
and maintain their own data centers. They create different virtual environments
that use the underlying hardware resources. You can then program your system to
access these cloud resources by using APIs. Your infrastructure needs can be met
as a fully managed service.
17
Review Questions
Choose the correct answer:
……. is a software-defined computer that runs on a physical computer with a separate operating system and computing resources.
a) PC b)Virtual machine c) cloud computing d) none of them
The physical computer in virtualization is called ……..
a) Guest machine b) host machine c) real machine d) none of them
The virtual machine in virtualization is called …….
a) Guest machine b) host machine c) real machine d) none of them
................. ensures that each virtual machine gets the allocated resources and does not interfere with the operation of other virtual
machines.
a) Hypervisor b) Supervisor c) Monitor d) none of them
18
Review Questions
Each guest machine has its own operating system, which can be the same or different from the host operating system
a)True b) false
Users can access the remote application from their browser or client interface without installing it.
a) Application streaming b) Server-based application virtualization c) Local application virtualization d) All of the mentioned
a process that partitions a physical server into multiple virtual servers is called …………..
a) Storage Virtualization b) Network Virtualization c) Server virtualization d) Cloud virtualization
applications to run on operating systems other than the operating systems for which they were designed
a) Data virtualization b) Desktop Virtualization c) Application virtualization d) None of them
19
Review Questions
1. List the benefits of virtualization?
2. List Types of virtualization
20
Thanks
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