PATHFIT 3 REVIEWER

RHYTHM
 Rhythm is most clearly seen through dance-the art of movement.
 the arrangement of sounds as they move through time.
 a measured motion of flow characterized basically by regular recurrence of elements or features
as beats, sounds, and accents.
 is what makes music move and flow. Rhythm is made of sounds and silences.
 A rhythm has a steady beat, but it may also have different kinds of beats.

Sound and silences are put together to form patterns of sounds, which are repeated to create rhythm.

Elements of Rhythm

1. Accent- applied to first beat

2. Bar- staff divides measures of time
3. Beat-rhythym of music
4. Count- pulse beat or time limit
5. Intensity-stress of movement
6. Measure-group of beats
7. Meter-beats are put together to form measure
8. Note-symbol of musical tone
9. Note pattern-set of notes use to dance steps
10. Phrase-grouping of measures
11. Pitch-lowness and highness of tone
12. Step pattern- movements or dance steps
13. Tempo-speed of music

Time Signature

 used to indicate the appropriate counting for a particular rhythmic pattern.

can be grouped into two’s, three’s, and four’s.

Rhythmic Patterns

 Used in the arrangement of long and short beats in relation to the time signature given.

MODULE 2: FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENTS

The root of the movement is the response to gravity, giving grounded support. There are three
centers of the body from where you move the gut, heart, and head.

Movement

-an impulse
-a flow of energy- a space to feel the effect of gravity, the body’s spring mechanism.
-a response to a stimulus requiring movement away from or toward expansion or contraction.
-a movement of suspense.
-falling in space.
-responding to the contact of the ground.
Elements of Dance

1. Body (The Instrument)

Shapes
Balance or Weight Bearing
Transfer of Body Weight
Flight

2. Fundamental Movements

are motions that are used as the foundation for any movement activity such as sports, dance and
perhaps in everyday life.

 Loco-motor Movement – is used to move the body from one place to another in any direction
with the feet as the moving base of support.
Examples: Walking, Running, Leaping, Jumping, Hopping, Sliding,
Skipping, Galloping
 Non-Locomotor Movement – is a movement that a person performs while remaining stationary.

Examples: bending, bouncing, pulling, pushing, rotating, rising, swaying

 Locomotion- that does not require the feet

Crawl – transfer about three or more supports with the body in a basically parallel orientation to the
floor
Roll – transfer by rotation of support about a non-vertical

 Manipulative Movements – these movements may use a combination of locomotor and non-
locomotor movements; always done with an object being controlled or manipulated.
Examples: throwing, dribbling, kicking, juggling, wand and hoop handling

3. Space (The Canvas)

it is where the body can move. The spatial qualities of movement related to moving in different
directions and at different levels are the focus.

[Link] – is the strongest visual component in dance.

Symmetrical Positoning – are body shapes that are a mirror image on each side of the center line of
the body.
Asymmetrical Positioning – are body shapes that are different on each side of the center line of the
body.
B. Level – this defines the relationship of the body to the floor or apparatus,
whether low or high, or in beween.
C. Relationship to self, other bodies/objects in space and the space at large
D. Path/Floor
E. Direction
F. Planes
G. Dynamics

4. Time(organization)
time may also be organized in other ways including clock time, sensed time, and event-sequence.
Dancers may take sight cues from each other to start the next phrase or use a shared awareness of
sensed time to end a dance.

a. Duration
b. Tempo/Speed
c. Rhythm
d. Accent Emphasis
[Link] (The structure)
the plan, design or procedure for the theme and arrangement of a piece of music.
a. Theme or Variation
b. Canon/Fugue/Rondo
c. Suite
d. Narrative
e. ABA – ABA form
f. Aleatoric “Chance” Composition
g. Various Devices

Dance Position and Connection between Partner

A. Formation- any dance in which a number of couples form a certain arrangement, such as two facing
line or a circle, and perform a series or figures within or base on that arrangement.
B. Dance Position- the connection between you and your partner before you can move as one, lightly
and smoothly around the floor.

Open (Side-by-side)
-Lady is at the right side of the man both facing the same direction

Closed
- standard dance position-facing each other, slightly offset to the left, lower bodies’ together, upper
bodies apart, both looking left. The man’s right hand is just below her left shoulder blade and her left
hand is on his upper right arm. His left hand is out to his left and about shoulder level holding her right
hand.

Back-to-back
- partners facing away from each other.

Escort
- an open position in which the woman’s left arm is passed through the crook of the man’s right arm.
Her forearm rests on his forearm

Facing
- any position in which the man and woman are directly in front of each other, front to front.
Half open-
both facing the same direction, woman on man’s right side, bodies turned half toward each other,
man’s right palm on woman’s back and woman’s left hand at or near man’s right shoulder. Free arms
maybe extended to side. In left half open, she is on his left side.

Varsovienne
- partners face the same direction, the man behind the lady and to her left, he holds her left hand in
his left slightly in front and above her shoulder. His right arm passes behind her shoulders, and his
right hand holds her right, again to the side and above her shoulder.

Cuddle
- a close embrace, men’s arms around her waist or lower back and woman’s arms on his shoulders,
neck, or face.

Promenade
- the crossed-arm position in which dancers stand side by side, facing the same direction, with the
right hand held by partner’s right and the left by partner’s left.

Back Cross - side-by-side

- man to woman’s left, right hands joined behind woman’s back and left hands joined behind man’s
back

Hand shake
- a facing position. Right hands or left hands joined at waist level
DANCE

 Dance, like a language, is found in all human societies. It has the power and universality to
express emotions where the human body is its vehicle or medium.
 Dance is the creation of individual artist.
 Dance is to express national and cultural identity, with a focus on clashes between societies.
 It is a series of movements that match the speed and rhythms of a pieces of music.
 It is a performance art form consisting of purposely selected sequences of human movement.

Benefits of Dancing
[Link]- dancing is one of the versatile and satisfying recreations or a form of exercise to develop
fitness.
-Improved condition of the heart and lungs
-Increased muscular strength, endurance and motor fitness
-Increased aerobic fitness
-Improved muscle tone and strength
-Proper weight management-
-Development of stronger bones and reduced risk of osteoporosis

[Link] and Satisfaction- the physical well-being of a person who participates is improved.
-Better social skills
-Increased physical confidence

3. Grace and coordination- it improves response to rhythmic patterns. Constant participation in dance
activities will improve one’s neuromuscular coordination and help one’s acquisition of grace.
-Improved mental functioning
-Improved balance and spatial awareness

4. Self-expression- it develops poise and good posture

Greater self-confidence and self-esteem

[Link] stress.

Tips for Dancing

Do warm-up stretches before you begin a dance session.
Drink plenty of water before, during and after dancing.
Wear an appropriate attire.
Check with your dance instructor whether you are holding the correct form or not.
Perform regular leg, strengthening exercises.
Move as fluidly and gracefully as you can.
Cool down after a dance session, including stretching.

Types of Dance
Fad Dance- are also called dance crazes which are characterized by a short burst of popularity
-1990’s Macarena
-2000’s Gangnam style
Novelty Dance- a silly fun dance with a certain theme. This dance is fun for the audience and the
performers.
-1960’s The Robot
-Pinoy Novelty dance
Pamela by Vhong Navrro
Sayaw Kikay
Sasakyan Kita
Traditional Dance
a dance that evolved naturally from earlier forms, a traditional dance of a given country native to a
specific people.
“Traditional” is more frequently used when emphasis is on the cultural roots of the dance.

-Jarabe Tapatio (Mexican Hat Dance)

-The Maglalatik (Philippines)

Folk dance- a cultural art form handed down from generation to generation. It communicates the
customs, beliefs, rituals and occupation of a region or country. Folk dancing belongs to and emanates
from the people.
-Pandaggo sa Ilaw (Philippines)
-La Jota (Spain)

Ethnic dance- any dance form which can be identified as originating with the ethnic culture and
expressing the movement aesthetics of that culture. It would be covering all ethnic cultures, whether
European, American, Africa, Polynesian, Asian and Middle Eastern.

-Dugso (Bukidnon)- a ritual dance

National Dance- is a traditional folk art which is popularly dance in most parts of a specific country
and common dance steps is widely used by the common people in that particular place or country.

Cariñosa (Philippines)
Landler (Austria)

Social dance- a dance designed to bring people together for group enjoyment and participation and is
usually accompanied by the popular music.
Ballroom Dance
Recreational Dance
Popular dance

A. Ballroom
Is a set of partner dance, which are enjoyed both socially and competitively around the world,
because of its performance and entertainment aspects.
Waltz (1960)
Samba (1935)

B. Recreational Dance
Includes dancer mixers, square dancing and couple dance.
HIPHOP
TAP DANCING

C. Popular dance
A highly recognized as a dance
Moon Walk (1988)
Silento (2015) Whip/Naenae

THEATRICAL DANCE
A. BALLET
A dance of supreme standards learned from an academe. It is highly theatre art today which began in
Italy, was developed in France and was perfected in Russia.
B. MODERN DANCE
The highest form of dance for the purpose of entertainment.
C. CONTEMPORARY DANCE(NOT TRADITIONAL)
A contemporary interpretation of steps and designs of folk melodies and rhythm.
D. JAZZ
A combination of ballet and modern dance. It is a classification shared by a broad range of dance
styles. Before the 1950’s, Jazz dance referred to dance styles that originated from African American
vernacular dance.
E. CREATIVE DANCE
It is a form of dance that provides the dancers the avenue for personal expressions. This is to
communicate through movements and the dancer draws on their own inner resources to create and
express through their own unique movements.
F. DANCE CHARACTER
It aims to interpret a specific folk tradition of a particular country. The movements used to be less
stylized than in classical ballet, allowing greater individual expressions and diversity.

HOW TO BECOME A DANCER

[Link] have to move your body in time to the beat of the music.
[Link] takes practice.
[Link] with experienced dancers.
[Link]’t panic, think smooth and love it.
[Link] complaining, making excuses and negativity.
[Link] work on improving fitness.