Speed Control of DC motor by Field-Resistance control
EXPERIMENT No.4
LEARNING OUTCOMES: To study the speed control of DC Motor by field resistance
Control. Draw the graph between the armature current and motor speed by varying the
field resistance.
THEORY:
Introduction
We know that the speed of shunt motor is given by:
N = (Va-IaRa)/kФ
Where, Va is the voltage applied across the armature and φ is the flux
per pole and is proportional to the field current If. As explained
earlier, armature current Ia is decided by the mechanical load
present on the shaft. Therefore, by varying Va and If we can vary n.
For fixed supply voltage and the motor connected as shunt we can
vary Va by controlling an external resistance connected in series with
the armature. If of course can be varied by controlling external field
resistance Rf connected with the field circuit.
Thus for shunt motor we have essentially two methods for controlling
speed, namely by:
1. Varying armature resistance.
2. Varying field resistance.
Fig. 1 Equivalent circuit for field control of DC motor
Speed control by varying field current:
In this method field circuit resistance is varied to control the speed of a d.c shunt motor.
Let us rewrite the basic equation to understand the method.
N = (Va-IaRa)/kФ
If we vary If, flux φ will change, hence speed will vary. To change If an external
resistance is connected in series with the field windings. The resistance is called the
shunt field regulator the field coil produces rated flux when no external resistance is
connected and rated voltage is applied across field coil. It should be understood that we
can only decrease flux from its rated value by adding external resistance. Thus the speed
of the motor will rise as we decrease the field current and speed control above the base
speed will be achieved. Speed versus armature current characteristic is shown below.
Fig. 2 Torque speed characteristics of DC motors
PROCEDURE:
1: Make connections as per the instructions given below:
STEP 2: Then Check the connections by clicking on "Check" Button.
STEP 3: If it shows alert "Incorrect Corrections" then click on node number to detach
the wire or press reset button and make connection again.
STEP 4: If it shows alert "Correct Connections" then Turn On the MCB.
STEP 5: Then set the Voltmeter first with the help of the second slider.
STEP 6: Now, move the first slider to get corresponding values of Ammeter and
Speedometer.
STEP 7: Press the "Add to table" button to insert the values in the table.
STEP 8: After inserting values on table click on "Plot graph" to get your required
graph.
STEP 9: Click on "Print" button to print the webpage.
STEP 10: Click on "Reset" button to reset the webpage.
DATA AND RESULTS:
OBSERVATION:
CONCLUSION:
