MATHEMATICS

Inverse Trigonometric
Functions (Sheet)
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 Contents
[Link]. Topic Page No.
1. ITF Key Concept 1–5

2. ITF Lecture Notes 6 – 75

3. ITF Solved Example, 76 – 108

Exercise -I to V

4. Answer key 109 – 110

5. Revision Planner 111

6. ITF Concept building Solution (1 to 3) 112 – 122

7. ITF Solved Exercise - I 123 – 139

8. ITF Solved Exercise - II 140 – 156

9. ITF Solved Exercise - III 157 – 186

10. ITF Solved Exercise - IV 187 – 205

11. ITF Solved Exercise - V 206 – 218

12. Brahmastra (Final Revision) 219– 234

 KEY CONCEPTS

GENERAL DEFINITION(S):
1. sin1 x , cos1 x , tan1 x etc. denote angles or real numbers whose sine is x , whose cosine is x
and whose tangent is x, provided that the answers given are numerically smallest available . These
are also written as arc sinx , arc cosx etc .
If there are two angles one positive & the other negative having same numerical value, then
positive angle should be taken .

2. PRINCIPAL VALUES AND DOMAINS OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS :

  
(i) y = sin 1 x , x  1 , y    2 , 2  (ii) y = cos 1 x , x  1 , y  [0 , ]
 

  
(iii) y = tan 1 x , x  R , y    2 , 2  (iv) y = cot 1 x , x  R , y  (0 , )

1
         
(v) y = sec 1 x , x  1 , y  0 , 2    2 ,   (vi) y = cosec 1 x , x  1 , y   2 , 0   0 , 2 
   

NOTE THAT : (a) 1st quadrant is common to all the inverse functions .
(b) 3rd quadrant is not used in inverse functions .

(c) 4th quadrant is used in the CLOCKWISE DIRECTION i.e.    y  0 .

2

3. PROPERTIES OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS :

P1
  
(i) (a) y = sin (sin 1 x) , (b) y = sin 1 (sin x) , x  R , y   ,  ,
 2 2
= x Periodic with period 2 
x  [ 1 , 1] , y  [ 1 , 1] ,
y is aperiodic

(ii) (a) y = cos (cos 1 x) , (b) y = cos 1(cos x), x  R, y[0, ],
= x periodic with period 2 
x  [ 1 , 1] , y  [ 1 , 1],
y is aperiodic

2
(iii) (a) y = tan (tan 1 x) , x  R , y  R , (b) y = tan 1 (tan x) ,
     
=x x  R  (2n  1) , n  I , y   ,  ,
 2   2 2
x  R , y  R ,
y is aperiodic periodic with period 

(iv) (a) y = cot (cot 1 x) , (b) y = cot 1 (cot x) ,

= x x  R  {n  n  I} , y  (0 , ) ,
x  R , y  R ,
y is aperiodic periodic with 

(v) (a) y = cosec (cosec 1 x) , (b) y = cosec 1 (cosec x),

    
= x x  R – { n , n  I}, y    , 0   0 ,
 2   2 
x  1 , y  1, y is periodic with period 2 
y is aperiodic

(vi) (a) y = sec (sec 1 x) , (b) y = sec 1 (sec x) ,

      
= x x  R – (2n  1) , n  I y  0 ,    ,

 2   2 2
x  1 ; y  1], y is periodic with period 2 ;
y is aperiodic

3
 1
P2 (i) cosec1 x = sin1 ; x  1 , x  1
x
1
(ii) sec1 x = cos1 ; x  1 , x  1
x

1
(iii) cot1 x = tan1 ; x>0
x

1
=  + tan1 ; x<0
x

P3 (i) sin1 (x) =  sin1 x , 1  x  1

(ii) tan1 (x) =  tan1 x , x  R
(iii) cos1 (x) =   cos1 x , 1  x  1
(iv) cot1 (x) =   cot1 x , x  R
(v) sec1 (x) =   sec1 x , x  (–, –1]  [1, )
(vi) cosec1 (x) =  cosec1 x , x  (–, –1]  [1, )


P4 (i) sin1 x + cos1 x = 1  x  1
2

(ii) tan1 x + cot1 x = xR
2

(iii) cosec1 x + sec1 x = x  1
2

xy
P5 (i) tan1 x + tan1 y = tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0 & xy < 1
1  xy

xy
(ii) tan–1 x + tan–1 y =  + tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0 & xy > 1
1  xy

xy
(iii) tan1 x  tan1y = tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0
1  xy

sin1 x + sin1 y = sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x 

2 2
P6 (i) where x  0 , y  0 & (x2 + y2)  1


Note that : x2 + y2  1  0  sin1 x + sin1 y 
2

sin1 x + sin1 y =   sin1 x 1  y  y 1  x  where x  [0, 1], y  [0, 1] & x2 + y2 > 1
2 2
(ii)


Note that : x2 + y2 >1  < sin1 x + sin1 y < 
2

(iii) 
sin–1x – sin–1y = sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2  where x  [0, 1] , y  [0, 1]

(iv) cos1 x + cos1 y = cos1  x y  1  x2 1  y2 

 where x  [0, 1] , y  [0, 1]

(v) cos1 x – cos1 y = cos1  x y  1  x2 1  y2 

 where 0  x < y  1

4
  x  y  z  xyz 
P7 If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = tan1 1  x y  y z  z x  if, x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 & xy + yz + zx < 1
 
Note : (i) If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z =  then x + y + z = xyz

(ii) If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = then xy + yz + zx = 1
2

2x 1  x2 2x
P8 2 tan1 x = sin1 = cos1 = tan1 is wrong statement
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2
Note very carefully that :

 2 tan 1 x if x 1
2x  1 1  x2  2 tan 1 x
if x  0
sin1 2 =   2 tan x if x1 cos1 =  1
1 x 1  x2  2 tan x if x  0
 
   2 tan 1 x
 if x  1

 2tan 1 x if x 1
2x 
tan1 =   2tan 1 x if x  1
1  x2
 
  2tan 1 x  if x 1

REMEMBER THAT :
3
(i) sin1 x + sin1 y + sin1 z =  x = y = z = 1
2
(ii) cos1 x + cos1 y + cos1 z = 3  x = y = z = 1
(iii) tan1 1+ tan1 2 + tan1 3 =  and tan1 1 + tan1 12 + tan1 13 = 2

5
 Inverse Trigonometric
Functions

All trigonometric functions are not invertible. To

make them invertible we cut their domain.

sin1x denote the angle or real number whose sine

is x. Similarly, cos-1x and tan-1x denote the angle
or real number whose cosine and tangent is x,
respectively.

ITF DOMAIN RANGE

sin-1x [–1, 1]  π π
 − 2 , 2 

cos-1x [–1, 1] [ 0, π ]

 π π
tan-1x R − , 
 2 2

cosec-1x (–∞, – 1] ∪ [1, ∞)  π π

 − 2 , 2  – {0}

sec-1x (–∞, – 1 ] ∪ [1, ∞) π

[0, π ] –  
2

cot-1x R (0, π )

cos–1 x All ITF

cot –1 (x) positive
sec–1 x
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Point to Remember!!!

–1 (i) 1st quadrant common to all ITF.

sin x (ii) 3rd quadrant is not used in ITF.
tan–1x (iii) 4th quadrant is not used in the
clockwise direction.
cosec–1(x)

1.
 Point to Remember!!!

1. All inverse trigonometric

functions are bounded.
2. Any inverse trigonometric
function is reflection of
respective trigonometric
Graph of sin-1x :
function w.r.t. y = x line.

π
1. Maximum value is and minimum
2
π
value is − .
2
dy 1
2. If y = sin-1x then = .
dx 1 − x2

Properties of sin-1x Graph :

1. Graph is aperiodic.
2. sin-1x is bounded.
3. sin-1x is odd function.
4. sin-1x is an increasing function.

Graph of cos-1x :

1. Maximum value is π and minimum value

is 0.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

dy 1
2. If y = cos-1x then =− .
dx 1 − x2

2.
Properties of cos-1x Graph :

1. Graph is aperiodic.
2. cos-1x is bounded.
3. cos-1x is neither even nor odd function.
4. cos-1x is a decreasing function.

Graph of tan-1x :

1. 
Maximum value and minimum value
doesn’t exist.
dy 1
2. If y = tan-1x then = .
dx 1 + x2

Know the facts

Properties of tan-1x Graph :

tan-1x > tan-1y

1. Graph is aperiodic. ⇒ x>y
2. tan-1x is bounded. (as function is increasing)
3. tan-1x is odd function.
4. tan-1x is an increasing function.

Graph of cot-1x :

1. 
Maximum value and minimum value
doesn’t exist.
dy 1
2. If y = cot-1x then =− .
dx 1 + x2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Properties of cot-1x Graph :

1. Graph is aperiodic.
Know the facts
2. cot-1x is bounded.
3. cot-1x is neither even nor odd function. cot-1x > cot-1y
4. cot-1x is a decreasing function. ⇒ x<y
(as function is decreasing)

3.
 Graph of sec-1x : y= sec–1x

1. Maximum value is π and minimum value

is 0.
dy 1
2. If y = sec-1x then = .
dx x x2 − 1

Properties of sec -1x Graph :

1. Graph is aperiodic.
2. sec-1x is bounded.
3. sec-1x is neither even nor odd function.
4. sec-1x is an increasing in both of its
branches.
–1
y=cosec x
Graph of cosec-1x :

π
1. Maximum value is and minimum value
2
π
is − .
2
dy 1
2. If y = cosec-1x then =− .
dx x x2 − 1

Properties of cosec–1x Graph :

1. Graph is aperiodic.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

2. cosec-1x is bounded.
3. cosec-1x is odd function.
4. cosec-1x is a decreasing in both of its
branches.

4.
 Note :
y If a function is continuous and monotonic on R ⇏
Range of function is R.
y=x3–3x

(-1, 2)
e.g. tan-1x and cot-1x

y If a function is continuous and has range R ⇏

function is monotonic.

e.g. y = x3 – 3x (1, -2)

dy
= y' = 3x2 − 3 = 3 ( x − 1) ( x + 1)
dx
Sign of y’
y is increasing in ( −∞, –1) ∪ ( 1, ∞ )
y is decreasing in (–1, 1) –1 1

ILLUSTRATIONS :

Q1 Tell domain and range of y = sin-1(ex).

A1 Domain: –1 ≤ ex ≤ 1
⇒ ex ≤ e0 (As if we take real power of positive number it is always positive,
so ex is always greater than –1)
⇒x≤0
Range: As x ≤ 0
⇒ x ∈ (–∞, 0]
⇒ ex ∈ (e–∞, e0]
⇒ ex ∈ (0, 1]
⇒ sin-1(ex) ∈ (sin-10, sin-11]
π
⇒ sin-1(ex) ∈  0, 
 2 
π
Domain: (–∞, 0]; Range:  0, 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 2 

Q2 Tell domain and range of y = cos-1[x], where [.] denotes greatest integer
function.

A2 Domain: –1 ≤ [x] ≤ 1
–1 ≤ x < 2
Range: As –1 ≤ x < 2
⇒ x ∈ [–1, 2)
⇒ x ∈ [–1, 0) ∪ [0, 1) ∪ [1, 2)
⇒ [x] ∈ {–1, 0, 1}
5.
 ⇒ cos-1[x] ∈ { cos-1(–1), cos-1 (0), cos-1 (1)}
 π 
⇒ cos-1[x] ∈ π, , 0
 2 
 π 
Domain: [–1. 2); Range: π, , 0
 2 

Q3 Tell domain and range of y = sin-1{x}, where {.} denotes fractional part function.

A3 Domain: –1 ≤ {x} ≤ 1
⇒x∈R
Range: As x ∈ R
⇒ {x} ∈ [0, 1)
⇒ sin-1{x} ∈ [sin-1(0), sin-1(1)) (As sin-1x is increasing function)
 
⇒ sin-1{x} ∈ 0, 
 2
 
Domain: R; Range: 0, 
 2

Q4 Tell domain and range of y = cos-1{x}, where {.} denotes fractional

part function.

A4 Domain: –1 ≤ {x} ≤ 1
⇒x∈R
Range: As x ∈ R
⇒ {x} ∈ [0, 1)
⇒ cos -1{x} ∈ (cos -1(1), cos -1(0)] (As cos-1x is decreasing function)
π
⇒ cos-1{x} ∈  0, 
 2 
π
Domain: R; Range:  0, 
 2 

Q5 Tell domain and range of y = cot-1 (sgn x).

A5
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Domain: As sgn(x) is well defined for x ∈ R and gives {–1, 0, 1} as output where
cot-1x is well defined
⇒x∈R
Range: As x ∈ R
⇒ sgn x ∈ {–1, 0, 1}
⇒ cot-1 (sgn x) ∈ { cot-1 (–1), cot-1 (0), cot-1 (1)}
 3   
⇒ cot-1 (sgn x) ∈  , , 
 4 2 4
   3 
Domain: R; Range:  , , 
4 2 4 
6.
Q6 Tell domain and range of y = tan-1(log2(x2 – 2x + 2))

A6 Domain:
i) x2 – 2x + 2 > 0   (because of log)
⇒ (x – 1)2 + 1 > 0   ⇒ x ∈ R
ii) log2(x2 – 2x + 2) ∈ R    (because of tan–1)
⇒x∈R
So, Domain is R
Range:
x2 – 2x + 2 = (x – 1)2 + 1
(x – 1)2 + 1 ≥ 1
log2 (x2 – 2x + 2) ≥ log21 (As graph of log2x is increasing)
⇒ log2 (x2 – 2x + 2) ≥ 0
⇒ tan–1(log2 (x2 – 2x + 2)) ≥ tan–1(0) (As graph of tan–1x is increasing)
⇒ y≥0
 π
Domain: R; Range: 0, 
 2

Q7  1 
Tell the value of sin−1  − −1 
 + cos  −
1 
( ) −1 
 − tan − 3 + cot  −
−1 1 

 2  2  3

A7 −
π 3π  π  2π 3π
+ − −  + =
4 4  3 3 2

Q8 Tell the value of sin(tan-12)

A8 Let tan–1 2 = θ
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

⇒ 2 = tanθ
√5
2
sin ( tan 2 ) = sinθ =
–1

7.
 Q9 Tell the value of cos(tan-13)

A9 Let tan−1 3 = θ
⇒ 3 = tan θ √10
1
cos ( tan−1 3 ) = cos ( θ ) =
10
θ

Q10 Tell the value of sin  2sin −1  3 

 
  5 

A10 3
let sin1    notethatliesinfirstquadrant 
5
5
3
⇒ = sinθ
5
  3  θ
sin  2 sin−1    = sin2θ
  5 
= 2sinθ cosθ
34
= 2  
55
24
=
25

Q11 Tell the value of cos(2tan-12)

A11 Let tan−1 2 = θ

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

⇒ 2 = tan θ
cos ( 2 tan–1 2) = cos ( 2θ ) √5
1 − tan2 θ
=
1 + tan2 θ
θ
1−4
=
1+4
3
= −
5

8.
Q12 Tell the value of cos(2tan-13)

A12 Let tan 3 = θ

−1

⇒ 3 = tan θ
cos ( 2 tan−1 3) = cos2θ
1 − tan2 θ
=
   1 + tan2 θ
θ
1−9
=
   1+9
4
= −
   5

Q13  3  3 
Tell the value of sin  arcsin   − arccos   
 5  5 

A13 3
Let sin−1   = θ and
3
cos−1   = φ
5 5
3 3
⇒   = sinθ and   = cosφ
5 5

ϕ
θ
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 3 3
sin  sin−1 − cos−1  = sin ( θ − φ )
 5 5

    = sinθcosφ − cosθsinφ

33 44
=    −   
    55 55
7
=−
    25

9.
 Q14 Tell the value of sin  tan −1
   1 
 cos  cot  −
−1

    3    

A14  1  2π
cot −1  − = 3
 3
  1  2π
cos  cot −1  −   = cos 3
  3 
1
=−
   2
   1  −1  1
tan−1  cos  cot −1  −    = tan  − 2 
   3   
1
= − tan−1  
2
    1   −1  1  
sin  tan−1  cos  cot −1  −     = sin  −tan  2  
   3    
 
  1 
= −sin  tan−1   
  2 
1
=−
5

Q15  x2 + 1 
Show that cos ( tan−1sincot −1 x ) =  2  , x ∈ ( 0, 1)
 x + 2

A15 Let cot −1 x = θ (note that θ ∈ (0, π))

  x = cotθ
sin ( cot −1 x ) = sinθ
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

2 +1
1
=
x2 + 1
 1 
( )
tan−1 sin ( cot −1 x ) = tan−1   θ
 x +1
2

 
( (
cos tan−1 sin ( cot −1 x ) )) = cos  tan

−1 
 2
1
 
 x + 1 
= cosφ

10.
  1  1
where, φ = tan−1   ⇒ tanφ =
 x +1 x +1
2 2
2 +2
(
cos tan −1
(sin (cot x ))) = cosφ
−1

ϕ
x2 + 1
= 2
x2 + 2 +1

Q16 If cos-1x + cos-1y = 0, then find the value of x + y.

A16 Minimum of L.H.S. = 0 + 0 (Range of cos–1x is [0, π])

   = 0
   = R.H.S.
⇒ cos–1x = cos–1y = 0
⇒ x = y = cos0
⇒x=y=1
⇒x+y=2

Q17 If cos-1x + cos-1y + cos-1z = 3 π, then find the value of x + y + z.

A17 Maximum of L.H.S. = π + π + π

   = 3 π
(Range of cos–1x is [0, π])

   = R.H.S.
⇒ cos–1x = cos–1y = cos–1z = π
⇒ x = y = z = cos π
⇒ x = y = z = –1
⇒ x + y + z = –3

Q18 If sin -1
x + sin-1y + sin-1z =
3π
, then find the value of x + y + z.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
2

A18 Maximum value of L.H.S.

π π π  π π
+ +    (Range of sin–1x is  − ,  )
=
2 2 2  2 2
3π
    = = R.H.S.
2
π π
⇒ sin–1x = sin–1y = sin–1z = ⇒ x = y = z = sin
2 2
⇒x=y=z=1
⇒x+y+z=3
11.
 Q19 True/False :
f(x) = sgn (arc cot x) and g(x) = sin2x + cos2x are identical functions.

A19 Let f ( x ) = sgn ( cot −1 x )

Domain: R,
Now, f ( x ) = sgn ( 0, π ) (As range of cot–1x in (0, π))
f(x) = 1

Again Let g ( x ) = sin2 x + cos2 x

Domain: R, g(x) = 1

⇒ f(x) and g(x) are identical functions.

So, statement is true.

Q20 If f:R → 0, π  , f(x) = tan -1

(x2 + 2x +α)is onto function then find α.
 2

A20 As, function is onto:

Co-Domain = Range
 π
0,  = Range
 2 
 π
So, (
tan–1 x 2 + 2x + α ∈ 0, 
 2
)
 π
⇒ x2 + 2x + α ∈ tan0, tan 
 2

⇒ x2 + 2x + α ∈ 0, ∞ )
⇒ Range of x2 + 2x + α is [0, ∞)
D  D 
⇒ − =0 (Range of quadratic (a>0) is  − , ∞ )
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

4a  4a 

⇒
( 4 − 4α )
− =0
4 ( 1)
⇒ α=1

12.
Q21  π π
If f : R → – ,  , f(x) = tan-1(x2 + 2x + α) is onto function then find α.
 4 2

A21 As, function is onto:

Co-Domain = Range
 π π
– 4 , 2  = Range
 π π   π π
So, tan–1 ( x2 + 2x + α ) ∈ – ,  ⇒ x2 + 2x + α ∈ tan  –  , tan 
 4 2   4 2
⇒ x2 + 2x + α ∈  −1, ∞ )
⇒ Range of x + 2x + α is [–1, ∞)
2

D  D 
⇒ − = −1 (Range of quadratic (a>0) is  − , ∞ )
4a  4a 
( 4 − 4α )
⇒ − = −1
4 ( 1)
⇒ α=0

Q22 If ( sin x ) + ( sin y ) + ( sin z)

−1 2 −1 2 −1 2
=
3π2
, then tell distinct possible values of
4
x + y – z.

A22 Range of sin  π π

x is  − , 
–1
 2 2
 π2 
Range of (sin–1x)2 is 0, 
 4
π2 π2 π2
Maximum value of L.H.S. = + +
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
4 4 4
3π2
   = = R.H.S
4
π2
⇒ (sin–1x)2 = (sin–1y)2 = (sin–1z)2 =
4
⇒ x = 1 or – 1, y = 1 or – 1, z = 1 or – 1
⇒ x + y – z ∈ {1 + 1 – (–1), 1 + 1 – 1, 1 – 1 – 1, –1 – 1 – 1}
⇒ x + y – z ∈ {3, 1, –1, –3}

13.
 Q23 



7
( )
Tell domain of log 10 (1 – log 7 ( x2 − 5x + 13 ) + sin−1 
 6 + sin  9πx 


   
  2  

A23 log x is defined is x > 0

10
⇒ 1 – log7(x2 – 5x + 13) > 0
⇒ 1 > log7(x2 – 5x + 13)
⇒ 71 > x2 – 5x + 13
⇒ x2 – 5x + 6 < 0
⇒ (x – 2) (x –3) < 0
⇒ x ∈ (2, 3)
Also, log7(x2 – 5x + 13) is defined if (x2 – 5x + 13) > 0
⇒x∈R
So, Domain of log10(1 – log7(x2 – 5x + 13)) is (2, 3) ∩ R
⇒ Domain of log10(1 – log7(x2 – 5x + 13)) is (2, 3)
 
 7  7
Now, sin  −1
 is defined if −1 ≤ ≤1
 6 + sin 9πx  6 + sin
9πx
 2  2
9πx 9πx
⇒ −6 − sin ≤ 7 , 7 ≤ 6 + sin
2 2
9πx 9πx
⇒ −13 ≤ sin , 1 ≤ sin
2 2
9πx
⇒ sin =1
2
9πx π
⇒ = 2nπ + , where n ∈ I
2 2
4n + 1
⇒ x= , where n ∈ I
9
 4n + 1 
So, Domain of given expression is (2,3) ∩  , n ∈I
 9 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 21 25 
= , 
9 9 

14.
 Q24 Draw the graph of sin(tan -1
x)

A24 [Link]. Given function is odd function

Domain is R
 π π   π π
III. Range: tan−1 x ∈  − ,  sin ( tan−1 x ) ∈  sin  −  , sin 
 2 2    2  2 
 π π 
(As sin-1x is increasing in  − ,  )
 2 2
∈ (–1, 1)
dy d
IV. = cos ( tan x )
−1
( tan−1 x )
dx dx
cos ( tan−1 x ) y
= >0
1 + x2
⇒ Function is increasing. y=1
Also, Let tan−1 x = θ 2 +1
⇒ x = tanθ
f ( x ) = sin ( tan−1 x )
x
θ
= sinθ
1
x
= y=-1
x +1
2

Properties of inverse function :

Property-I (A)

1. sin (sin–1x) = x, ∀ x ∈ [–1, 1]

Proof :

Let f(x) = sin (sin–1x) y

Domain: x ∈ [–1, 1]
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Range: y ∈ sin (sin–1([–1, 1])) (1,1)

 π π y=x
y ∈ sin  − , 
 2 2 x
∈ [–1, 1]
Now, Let sin–1x =θ ⇒ x = sinθ
f(x) = sin (sin–1x)
(-1,-1)
   = sin(θ)
   = x

15.
 y
2. cos (cos–1(x)) = x, ∀ x ∈ [–1, 1]
(1, 1)
y=x

(-1,-1)

3. tan (tan-1x) = x, ∀ x ∈ R

4. cot (cot-1x) = x, ∀ x ∈ R

5. cosec (cosec-1x) = x, ∀ x ∈ (–∞, –1]U[1, ∞)

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

16.
 6. sec (sec-1x) = x, ∀ x ∈ (–∞, –1]U[1, ∞)

Property I (B)

1. f(x) = tan-1(tanx)

/2 y

3/2
–2
x
–3 /2 –  − /2 O  /2  2

− /2

ILLUSTRATIONS :

Q1 
Tell value of tan−1  tan
13π 

 3  Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A1 13π  7 π 9π 
∈ , 
3  2 2 
 13π  13π π
⇒ tan−1  tan  = − 4π =
 3  3 3

17.
 Q2 
tan−1  tan
25π 

 4 

A2 25π π  π π
= 6π + ∈  6π − , 6π + 
4 4  2 2
 25π  25π π
tan−1  tan = − 6π =
 4  4 4

Q3 
tan−1  tan
19π 

 4 

A3 19π π  π π
= 5π − ∈  5π − , 5π + 
4 4  2 2
 19π  19π π
tan−1  tan = − 5π = −
 4  4 4

Q4 
tan−1  tan
27 π 

 4 

A4 27 π π  π π
= 7π − ∈  7π − , 7π + 
4 4  2 2
 27 π  27 π π
tan−1  tan = − 7π = −
 4  4 4

Q5 
tan−1  tan
17 π 

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 3 

A5 17 π  π π
∈  6π − , 6π + 
3  2 2
 17 π  17 π π
tan−1  tan = − 6π = −
 3  3 3

18.
Q6 tan–1 (tan1)

A6  π π
1 ∈ − , 
 2 2
⇒ tan−1 ( tan1) = 1

Q7 tan–1 (tan2)

A7  π 3π 
2∈ , 
2 2 
⇒ tan−1 ( tan2) = 2 − π

Q8 tan–1 (tan3)

A8  π 3π 
3∈ , 
2 2 
⇒ tan−1 ( tan3) = 3 − π

Q9 tan–1 (tan4)

A9  π 3π 
4∈ , 
2 2 
⇒ tan−1 ( tan4 ) = 4 − π

Q10 tan –1
(tan5) Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A10 5∈
 3π 5π 
, 
 2 2 
⇒ tan−1 ( tan5 ) = 5 − 2π

19.
 Q11 tan–1 (tan6)

A11 6∈
 3π 5π 
, 
 2 2 
⇒ tan−1 ( tan6 ) = 6 − 2π

Q12 tan–1 (tan7)

A12 7∈
 3π 5π 
, 
 2 2 
⇒ tan−1 ( tan7 ) = 7 − 2π

Q13 tan–1 (tan8)

A13  5π 7 π 
8∈ , 
 2 2 
⇒ −1
( 8) = 8 − 3π

2. f(x) = cot-1 (cotx)

y

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

x
-2 - O  2

20.
ILLUSTRATIONS :

Q1  11π 
cot −1  
 3 

A1 11π
∈ ( 3π, 4π )
3
 11π  11π 2π
⇒ cot −1  cot = − 3π =
 3  3 3

Q2  17 π 
cot −1  
 3 

A2 17 π
∈ ( 5π, 6π )
3
 17 π  17 π 2π
⇒ cot −1  cot = − 5π =
 3  3 3

Q3  13π 
cot −1  
 7 

A3 13π
∈ ( π, 2π )
7
 13π  13π 6π
⇒ cot −1  cot = −π=
 7  7 7

Q4  25π 
cot −1  
 4 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A4 25π
∈ (6π, 7 π )
4
 25π  25π π
⇒ cot −1  cot = − 6π =
 4  4 4

Q5 cot–1 (cot1)

A5 1 ∈ ( 0, π )
cot–1(cot1) = 1
21.
 Q6 cot–1 (cot2)

A6 2 ∈ ( 0, π )
cot–1(cot2) = 2

Q7 cot–1 (cot3)

A7 3 ∈ ( 0, π )
cot–1(cot3) = 3

Q8 cot–1 (cot4)

A8 4 ∈ ( π, 2π )
cot–1(cot4) = 4 – π

Q9 cot–1 (cot5)

A9 5 ∈ ( π, 2π )
cot–1(cot5) = 5 – π

Q10 cot –1
(cot6)

A10 6 ∈ ( π, 2π )
cot–1(cot6) = 6 – π

Q11 cot–1 (cot7)

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A11 7 ∈ ( 2π, 3π )
cot–1(cot7) = 7 – 2π

Q12 cot–1 (cot8)

A12 8 ∈ ( 2π, 3π )
cot–1(cot8) = 8 – 2π
22.
 3. f(x) = cos-1(cosx)

Properties :

(i) f(x) is an even function

(ii) Domain is R
(iii) Range is [0, π]
(iv) Period is 2π.

ILLUSTRATIONS:

Q1 
cos−1  cos
11π 

 3 

A1 11π
∈ ( 3π, 4π )
3
 11π  11π π
cos−1  cos  = 4π − =
 3  3 3

Q2 
cos−1  cos
25π 

 4  Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A2 25π
∈ (6 π, 7 π )
4
 25π  25π π
cos−1  cos = − 6π =
 4  4 4

23.
 Q3 
cos−1  cos
7π 

 3 

A3 7π
∈ ( 2π, 3π )
3
 7π  7π π
cos−1  cos  = − 2π =
 3  3 3

Q4 cos–1 (cos1)

A4 1 ∈ (0, π)
cos–1 (cos1) = 1

Q5 cos–1 (cos2)

A5 2 ∈ (0, π)
cos–1 (cos2) = 2

Q6 cos–1 (cos3)

A6 3 ∈ (0, π)
cos–1 (cos3) = 3

Q7 cos–1 (cos4)

A7 4 ∈ (π, 2π)
cos–1 (cos4) = 2π – 4
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Q8 cos–1 (cos5)

A8 5 ∈ (π, 2π)
cos–1 (cos5) = 2π – 5

Q9 cos–1 (cos6)

A9 6 ∈ (π, 2π)
cos–1 (cos6) = 2π – 6

24.
 Q10 cos –1
(cos7)

A10 7 ∈ (2π, 3π)

cos–1 (cos7) = 7 – 2π

Q10 cos –1
(cos8)

A10 Sol. 8 ∈ (2π, 3π)

cos–1 (cos8) = 8 – 2π

4. f(x) = sin-1(sinx)

Properties :

(i) f(x) is odd function

(ii) Domain is R
 π π
(iii) Range is  − , 
 2 2
(iv) Period is 2π

ILLUSTRATIONS :
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Q1 
sin−1  sin
13π 

 3 

A1 13π  7 π 9π 
∈ , 
3  2 2 
 13π  13π π
sin−1  sin = − 4π =
 3  3 3

25.
 Q2 
sin−1  sin
25π 

 4 

A2 25π  11π 13π 

∈ , 
4  2 2 
 25π  25π π
sin−1  sin = − 6π =
 4  4 4

Q3 
sin−1  sin
19π 

 4 

A3  
sin−1  sin  4π +
3π   −1  3π  −1  1 
  = sin  sin  = sin   =
π
  4   4   2 4

Q4 
sin−1  sin
37 π 

 4 

A4 37 π  17 π 19π 
∈ , 
4  2 2 
 37 π  37 π π
sin−1  sin  = 9π − =−
 4  4 4

Q5 
sin−1  sin
17 π 

 3 

A5 17 π  11π 13π 
∈ , 
3  2 2 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 17 π  17 π
sin−1  sin = − 6π
 3  3
π
=−
3

26.
Q6 sin−1 ( sin1)

A6  π π
1 ∈ − , 
 2 2
sin−1 ( sin1) = 1

Q7 sin−1 ( sin2)

A7  π 3π 
2∈ , 
2 2 
sin−1 ( sin2) = 2 − π

Q8 sin−1 ( sin3)

A8  π 3π 
3∈ , 
2 2 
sin−1 ( sin3) = 3 – π

Q9 sin−1 ( sin8)

A9  5π 7 π 
8∈ , 
 2 2 
sin−1 ( sin8) = 3π − 8
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

5. f(x) = sec-1(secx)

27.
 Properties :

(i) f(x) is an even function

π
(ii) Domain is R − ( 2n + 1) , n ∈ I
2
π
(iii) Range is [0, π] −  
2
(iv) Period is 2π.

6. cosec-1(cosecx)

y


-  45º 3/2

2
 x
-3 /2 - O 
2

- 

Properties :

(i) f(x) is odd function

(ii) Domain is R – {nπ}, n ∈ I
 π π
(iii) Range is  − ,  − {0}
 2 2
(iv) Period is 2π.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Inequality Based Illustrations :

Q1 Solve for x : log2 (tan-1x) > 1

A1 log2(tan-1x) > log22

⇒ (tan-1x) > 2 (As log2x is increasing function)
 π π
⇒ x ∈ ϕ (As range of tan-1x is  – ,  )
 2 2

28.
 Q2 Solve for x: (cot-1x)2 – 5(cot-1x) + 6 > 0

A2 (cot-1x) = u
⇒ u2 – 5u + 6 > 0
⇒ (u – 2) (u – 3) > 0
⇒ u ∈ (– ∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞)
⇒ cot-1x ∈ (0, 2) ∪ (3, π) (As cot-1x ∈ (0, π))
⇒ x ∈ (cot 2, cot 0) ∪ (cotπ, cot 3) (As cot-1x is decreasing function)
⇒ x ∈ (cot 2, ∞) ∪ (– ∞, cot 3)

Q3 Solve for x: 0 ≤ cos-1x < 1

A3 ⇒ cos 1 < x ≤ cos 0 (As cos-1x is decreasing function)

⇒ cos 1 < x ≤ 1

Q4 Tell domain of f ( x ) =
1
ln(cot −1 x)

A4 ln(cot-1x) > 0
⇒ cot-1x > 1
⇒ x < cot 1 (As cot-1x is decreasing function)
⇒ x ∈ (– ∞, cot 1)

Property-II:

1
1. (i) cosec−1x = sin−1
x
(
, ∀x ∈ −∞, −1 ∪  1, ∞ )
1
(ii) sin−1 x = cosec−1 , ∀x ∈ [ −1, 1] − {0}
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

29.
 Proof :
π π
Let cosec–1x = θ, where θ ∈  − ,  − {0}
 2 2 
⇒ x = cosecθ
1
⇒ = sinθ
x
1
⇒ θ = sin−1  
x

1
2. (i) sec−1 x = cos−1 , ∀x ∈ ( −∞, −1] ∪ [ 1, ∞ )
x
1
  (ii) cos−1 x = sec−1 , ∀x ∈ [ −1, 1] − {0}
x

 1
 tan−1 x>0

3. cot −1 x =  x
π + tan−1 1 x<0
 x

Proof :
cot −1 x = θ , where θ ∈ (0, π)
⇒ x = cotθ
1
⇒ = tanθ
x
1
⇒ tan−1   = tan−1 ( tanθ )
x
 π
 θ = cot −1x 0<θ< ⇒x>0
= 2
π
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

θ − π = cot −1x − π <θ<π⇒x<0

 2

1 1
⇒ tan−1 = cot −1 x when x > 0 and tan−1 = cot −1 x − π when x < 0
x x
1 1
⇒ cot −1 x = tan−1 when x > 0 and cot −1 x = π + tan−1 when x < 0
x x

30.
Property-III :

1. sin ( −x ) = −sin x
−1 −1

2. cosec ( −x ) = −cosec ( x )
−1 −1

3. cos−1 ( −x ) = π − cos−1 ( x )

( )
4. sec−1 −x = π − sec−1 x ( )
5. tan ( −x ) = −tan ( x )
−1 −1

6. cot ( −x ) = π − cot ( x )
−1 −1

Proof of 3 :
cos−1 x = θ, θ ∈ [0, π]
x = cosθ
−x = cos ( π − θ )
cos−1 ( −x ) = cos−1 ( cos ( π − θ ) )

= π−θ (As π – θ ∈ [0, π])

= π – cos–1x

Property-IV :

π
1. sin−1 x + cos−1 x = , ∀ x ∈ [–1, 1]
2
π
2. tan x + cot x =
−1 −1
,∀x∈R
2

π
3. sec−1 x + cosec−1 x = ,
2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

∀ x ∈ (–∞, –1] U [1, ∞)

Proof of 1 :
 π π
Let sin−1 x = θ, θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
⇒ x = sinθ

31.
 π 
⇒ x = cos  − θ 
2 

 π 
⇒ cos−1 x = cos−1  cos  − θ  
 2 

π π  π π π
Now, θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ −θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ − θ ∈ [0, π ]
  2 2  2 2 2
π
So, cos−1 x = −θ
2

π
⇒ sin−1 x + cos−1 x =
2

ILLUSTRATIONS :

Q1 1
Tell value of tan−1   + tan−1 ( 2) + tan−1 ( 3)
2

A1 cot −1 ( 2) + tan−1 ( 2) +
π
3
π π 5π
⇒ + =
2 3 6

Q2 Tell x if sin−1 x + cos−1 ( x2 − 2x + 2) =

π
2

A2 Domain: (x2 – 2x + 2) ≤ 1
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

⇒ (x – 1)2 + 1≤ 1
⇒ (x – 1)2 ≤ 0
⇒x=1 (which is also satisfying –1 ≤ x ≤ 1)
Also, x – 2x + 2 = x
2

⇒ x2 – 3x + 2 = 0
⇒ x = 1, 2
⇒x=1 (As x = 2 is not in domain)

32.
Q3 If sin a + cos b =
−1 −1 π
and sec−1a + cosec−1b =
π
then find a + b
2 2
(A) 2 (B) –2 (C) 0 (D) None of these

A3 (AB)

π
sin−1a + cos−1b = ⇒ a = b, –1 ≤ a, b ≤ 1 …..(i)
2
π
cosec–1a + sec–1 b =
2
⇒ a = b, a, b ∈ (–∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞) …..(ii)
By (i) and (ii)
a=b=1 OR a = b = –1
⇒ a + b = 2 OR –2

Q4 If ( tan x ) + ( cot x ) =
−12 −1 2 5π2
, then find the x
8

A4 Let tan−1 x = θ ⇒ cot −1 x =

π
−θ
2
2
π  5π2
So, given equation becomes θ2 +  − θ  =
2  8
π 2
5π 2
⇒ 2θ2 − πθ + − =0
4 8
3π2
⇒ 2θ2 − πθ − =0
8
⇒ 16θ2 − 8πθ − 3π2 = 0
⇒ ( 4θ + π ) ( 4θ − 3π ) = 0
π 3π
⇒θ=− ,
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

4 4
3π  π π
But θ = not possible as θ ∈  − , 
4  2 2
π
⇒θ=−
4
π
⇒ tan−1 x = −
4
 π
⇒ x = tan  −  ⇒ x = −1
 4

33.
 Q5 Solve for x : 5tan−1 x + 3cot −1 x =
7π
4

A5 2tan−1 x + 3 ( tan−1 x + cot −1 x ) =

7π
4
7 π 3π
⇒ 2tan−1 x = −
4 2
π
⇒ tan−1 x =
8
π
⇒ x = tan
8
  = 2−1

Note : Point to Remember!!!

π
To find tan
8 π
θ 1 − cosθ tan = 2−1
tan = 8
2 sinθ
3π
tan = 2+1
8
π
1 − cos π
π 4 tan = 2− 3
tan = 12
8 π
sin 5π
4 tan = 2+ 3
12

ILLUSTRATION :

Q1 Solve for x, 4sin−1 x + cos−1 x =

3π
4
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A1 3sin−1 x + sin−1 x + cos−1 x =

3π
4
π 3π
⇒ 3sin−1 x + =
2 4
π π
⇒ sin−1 x = ⇒ x = sin
12 12
3−1
⇒x=
2 2

34.
 y
Note : 
y=
2
1.
Graph of f ( x ) = sin−1 x + cos−1 x
π x
Domain: [–1, 1], f ( x ) =
2 (-1, 0) (1, 0)

y
2. 
Graph of f ( x ) = sec x + cosec x
−1 −1
y=
2
π
Domain: (–∞, –1] ∪ [1, ∞), f (x) =
2
x
(-1, 0) (1, 0)
ILLUSTRATIONS :

Q1 −1  n  π
If cot   > , then find maximum value of n (∈ N) .
π 6

A1 n π 
cot −1
∈  , π
π 6 
n  π
⇒ ∈  cotπ, cot  (As graph of cot-1x is decreasing)
π  6
n
⇒ ∈ −∞, 3
π
( )
n
⇒ < 3
π
⇒ n < π 3 (approximately 5.44)
Greatest possible integral n = 5.

Q2 Tell maximum and minimum value of ( sin−1 x ) + ( cos−1 x )

3 3

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A2 Let sin−1 x = θ ⇒ cos−1 x =

π
−θ
2
3
π 
Now, y = θ3 +  − θ 
 2 
Use a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2)
2
 π  2 π  π 
y =  θ + − θ  θ +  − θ  − θ  − θ  
 2   2  2  
π  2 3π π2 
= 3θ − θ +
2  2 4 
35.
 3π  2 π π2 
=  θ − θ + 
2  2 12 
2
3π  π π2 π2 
=  θ −  + − 
2  4 12 16 
2
3π  π π2 
=  θ −  + 
2  4 48 

 π π π  3π π 
Now, θ ∈ − ,  θ− ∈ − ,
 2 2 4  4 4 
2
 π  9π2 
 θ −  ∈ 0, 
 4  16 
2
 π π2  π2 7 π2 
θ −  + ∈ , 
 4 48  48 12 
2
3π  π π2   π3 7 π3 
 θ −  + ∈ , 
2  4 48   32 8 
7 π3 π3
Maximum value = ; Minimum value =
8 32

Q3 Find range of f ( x ) = sin−1 x + cos−1 x + tan−1 x

A3 Domain: [–1, 1]
π π
f ( x ) = + tan−1 x (as sin−1 x + cos−1 x = )
2 2
π  π π
f (x) ∈ + − ,
2  4 4  (as tan–1x is increasing in [–1, 1])

 π 3π 
f (x) ∈  , 
4 4 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Q4 Tell range of f ( x ) = sec−1 x + cosec−1 x + cot −1 x

A4 Domain ( −∞, −1] ∪ [ 1, ∞ )

π
π
f ( x ) = + cot −1 x (as sec x + cosec x = )
−1 −1

2 2
π  3π   π 
f (x ) ∈ + , π ∪  0, (as cot–1x is decreasing in ( −∞, −1] ∪ [ 1, ∞ ) )
2  4   4 

 π 3π   5π 3π 
f (x) ∈  , ∪ , 
 2 4   4 2 
36.
Q5 Tell domain and range of f ( x ) = sin−1 x + tan−1 x + sec−1 x

A5 Domain: x ∈ [ −1, 1] ∩ ( ( −∞, −1] ∪ [ 1, ∞ ) ) ⇒ x ∈ {–1, 1}

π π π π   π 3π 
Range = {f(1), f(–1)} =  + + 0, − − + π  =  , 
2 4 2 4  4 4 

π
Q6 Number of solution(s) of equation tan−1 x2 + x + sin−1 x2 + x + 1 =
2

A6 Domain: x + x ≥ 0 …(i)
2
(Because it is inside square root)
Also −1 ≤ x2 + x + 1 ≤ 1 (Because it is inside sin–1)
⇒ x2 + x + 1 ≤ 1 (As square root is always greater than negative)
Squaring
⇒ x2 + x ≤ 0 ...(ii)
By (i) and (ii):
x2 + x = 0
⇒ x(x + 1) = 0
⇒ x = 0, –1
Domain = {0, –1}
π
Now check by putting 0 : tan−1 0 + sin−1 1 = (satisfied)
2
π
check by putting – 1 : tan 0 + sin 1 =
−1 −1
(satisfied)
2
Hence, {–1, 0}
So, number of solutions = 2.

2
Method-II 2
+ +1
+
Let tan x + x = θ ⇒ x2 + x = tanθ
−1 2

1 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
cosθ =
x +x+1
2 1

1 π
Given equation: cos−1 + sin−1 x2 + x + 1 =
x +x+1
2 2
1
⇒ = x2 + x + 1 ⇒ x2 + x + 1 = 1 ⇒ x = − 1, 0
x +x+1
2

37.
 But, still we need to check whether solutions are in domain or not.
Here, both are in domain.
So, Number of solutions = 2

IMPORTANT RESULT:
Point to Remember!!!
Proof :
 π
x>0
1 
For x > 0; tan−1 x + tan−1 =  2
x  π
1 − x<0
tan−1 = cot −1 x  2
x

1 π
⇒ tan−1 x + tan−1 = tan−1 x + cot −1 x =
x 2
−1 1
For x < 0; tan x + tan
−1

 1 
= − tan−1 ( −x ) + tan−1  −  
  x 
= − π
2

ILLUSTRATIONS :

Q1 If α and β are roots of equation x2 + 7x – 8 = 0. Find the value of

1 1
tan−1 α + tan−1 + tan−1β + tan−1
α β

A1 Here, αβ < 0
⇒ α and β are of opposite sign.
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Let α > 0, β < 0

1 1 π  π
tan-1 α + tan−1 + tan−1β + tan−1 = +  −  = 0
α β 2  2

38.
Q2 Tell true or false f ( x ) = tan ( cot −1 x ) and g ( x ) = cot ( tan−1 x ) are identical
functions.

π π
A2 Domain of f ( x ) : cot −1 x ≠ ⇒ x ≠ cot
2 2
⇒x ≠ 0
Domain of g ( x ) : tan x ≠ 0
−1

⇒ x ≠ tan0 ⇒ x ≠ 0
Hence, Domain of f(x) = Domain of g(x) ... (i)
π 
() ( ) (
Now, f x = tan cot −1x = tan  − tan−1x = cot tan−1 x = g x
2 
( )) ()
⇒ f ( x ) = g ( x ) … (ii)
By (i) and (ii): f(x) and g(x) are identical functions.
True

Q3  x2 − 1 
Solve for x : cot −1 
2x
−1  2x 
 + tan  2
x − 1
=
2π
3
   

x2 − 1
A3 Case-I : Let
2x
>0

1
For x > 0 : cot x = tan
−1 −1

x
 2x  −1  2x  2π
Given equation becomes : tan−1  2  + tan  2 =
 x − 1  x − 1 3

2x  π
⇒ tan−1  2 =
 − 1 3
x
2x π
⇒ 2 = tan
x −1 3
2x
⇒ = 3
x2 − 1
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

⇒ 3x2 − 2x − 3 = 0

(
⇒ x− 3 )( )
3x + 1 = 0

1
⇒ x = 3, −
3
x2 − 1
Both are satisfying >0
2x

39.
  1 
⇒ Both x =  3, −  are solutions.
 3
x2 − 1
Case-II : Let <0
2x
−1 1
For x < 0: cot x = π + tan
−1

x
 2x  −1  2x  2π
Given equation becomes: tan−1  2  + π + tan  2 =
 x − 1  x − 1 3
 2x  2π
⇒ 2tan−1  2 = −π
 x − 1 3
 2x  π
⇒ tan−1  2 =−
 x − 1 6
2x 1
⇒ =−
x −1
2
3
⇒ x2 − 1 = −2 3x
⇒ x2 + 2 3x − 1 = 0
x2 − 1
⇒ x = − 3 − 2, − 3 + 2 Both are satisfying <0
2x

{ }
⇒ x = − 3 − 2, − 3 + 2 are solutions.

 1 
Hence, solutions are  3, − , − 3 − 2, − 3 + 2
 3 

Property-V :

 −1  x + y 
 tan  , x, y > 0, xy < 1
  1 − xy 
 Know the facts
tan-1 x + tan−1 y = π + tan−1  x + y  , x, y > 0, xy > 1
  1 − xy 
Memorizing trick:
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 π
 , x, y > 0, xy = 1
2 tanθ + tanα
 tan ( θ + α ) =
1 − tanθtanα
x − y
tan–1 x − tan–1y = tan–1 , tan ( π + θ ) = tanθ
1 + xy
x, y > 0

40.
Proof :
 π
Let tan−1 x = A, tan−1 y = B, A, B ∈  0, 
 2
tanA + tanB
(
tan A + B = ) 1 − tanAtanB
Take tan–1 on both sides

 tanA + tanB 
( )
tan−1tan A + B = tan−1 
 1 − tanAtanB 
 x+ y
( )
tan−1tan A + B = tan−1 
 1 − xy 
...(i)

 π  π
Here, A + B ∈  0,  +  0,  ∈ (0, π)
 2  2

Case-I :
 π π 1
A + B ∈  0,  ⇒ tan−1 x + tan−1 y < ⇒ tan−1 x < cot −1 y ⇒ x < ⇒ xy < 1
 2 2 y
 x+y 
Equation (i): A + B = tan−1  
 1 − xy 
 x+y 
tan−1 x + tan−1 y = tan−1  
 1 − xy 

Case-II :
π  π 1
A + B ∈  , π  ⇒ tan−1 x + tan−1 y > ⇒ tan−1 x > cot −1 y ⇒ x > ⇒ xy > 1
2  2 y
Using graph of y = tan–1(tanx)
y
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
/2

3/2
–2
x
–3 /2 –  − /2 O  /2  2

− /2

41.
  x+y 
Equation (i) becomes A + B – π = tan−1  
 1 − xy 

 x+y 
tan−1 x + tan−1 y = π + tan−1  
 1 − xy 

Q1 Tell value of tan–11 + tan–12 + tan–13

A1 2×3=6>1

 2+3 
So, tan−1 2 + tan−1 3 = π + tan−1  
 1 − 2× 3
π
⇒ tan 1 + tan 2 + tan 3 = + π + tan ( −1)
−1 −1 −1 −1

4
π π
= +π− =π
4 4

1 1
Q2 Tell value of tan 1 + tan
−1 −1

2
+ tan−1
3

1 1 1
A2 × = <1
2 3 6

 1 1 
 + 
1 1
So, tan−1 + tan−1 = tan−1  2 3 
2 3 1− 1 × 1 
 2 3
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1 1 π
⇒ tan−1 1 + tan−1
2
+ tan−1 = + tan−1 1
3 4
()
π π
= +
4 4
π
=
2

42.
Shortcut :
π
If tanx tany + tany tanz + tanz tanx = 1, then x + y + z = (2n + 1) , n ∈ I.
2
1 1
Here, Let x = tan−1 1, y = tan−1   , z = tan−1  
2 3
1 1
⇒ tanx = 1, tany = , tanz =
2 3
Here, tanx tany + tany tanz + tanz tanx = 1
π
⇒ x + y + z = ( 2n + 1) , n∈I
2
 π
But x, y, z ∈  0, 
 2

π
⇒ x+y+z =
2

tan−1 1 + tan−1 2 + tan−1 3

Q3 Show that
cot −1 1 + cot −1 2 + cot −1 3
=2

tan−1 1 + tan−1 2 + tan−1 3 1

A3 LHS =
1 1
(Using cot −1 x = tan−1   , x > 0 )
tan−1 1 + tan−1 + tan−1 x
2 3
π
= = 2 = RHS (Using previous questions)
π/2

Q4 If tan−1 4 + tan−1 5 = cot −1 ( λ ) then find λ

A4 As 4×5>1 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

−1  4 + 5   9
LHS = π + tan   = π + tan−1  − 
 1 − 4×5  19 
  19  
= π +  cot −1  −  − π 
  9 
 19 
= cot −1  – 
 9
19
λ=−
9

43.
 7 2 24 1
Q5 If α = tan 5 − tan 3 + tan
−1

9
and β = tan−1 + cot −1
−1 −1

11 7
+ tan−1 , then
3
(A) α = β (B) α > β
π
(C) α < β (D) α + β =
2
(AD)
A5 7
α = tan−1 5 − tan−1 3 + tan−1
9
 5−3  −1 7
= tan−1   + tan
 1 + 5 × 3  9
1 7
= tan−1   + tan−1  
8 9
 1 7 
 + 
= tan−1  8 9 
1− 1 × 7 
 8 9
= tan−1 ( 1)
π
=
4
2 24 1
β = tan−1 + cot −1 + tan−1
11 7 3
2 7 1  −1 1 
= tan−1 + tan−1 + tan−1  Using cot x = tan x , x > 0
−1

11 24 3
 2 7 
 11 + 24  −1 1
= tan 
−1
 + tan
2
1− × 7  3
 11 24 
 125  −1 1
= tan−1   + tan
 250  3
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

1 1
= tan−1   + tan−1
2 3
 1 1 
 + 
= tan−1  2 3 
1− 1 × 1 
 2 3
π
= tan−1 ( 1) =
4

44.
Q6  1 
Find ‘x’ satisfying sin−1 
π
 + cos ( x ) = 4
−1

 5

1 1
A6 Let θ = sin−1
5
⇒ sinθ =
5
1 1
tanθ = ⇒ θ = tan−1 5
2 2
1
−1  1  π
So, sin   + cos ( x ) = 4
−1

 5
1 2
⇒ tan−1 + cos−1 ( x ) = tan−1 ( 1)
2
1
⇒ cos−1 ( x ) = tan−1 ( 1) − tan−1  
2
 1
1− 2
= tan 
−1

1+ 1  10
 2 1

−1  1 

= tan  
3 3
1  3 
α = tan−1   = cos−1  
3
   10 
3
⇒ cos−1 x = cos−1
10
3
⇒x=
10

 3  11 
Q7 −1 
( 3 ) equals
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
sin−1   + cos   + cot
−1

 73   146 

A7  3 
Let α = sin−1  
 73 
3
α = tan−1  
8

45.
  11 
Let β = cos−1  
 146 
11
cosβ =
146 √73
5
β = tan−1   α
 11 
 3  −1  11 
sin−1   + cos 
 73 
 + cot
 146 
−1
( 3)
3 5 π
= tan−1   + tan−1   +
8  11  6
 3 5 
 +  π
= tan−1  8 11  +
1− 3 × 5  6
 8 11 
π
= tan−1 ( 1) +
6
π π 5π
= + =
4 6 12

 7  3
Q8 Which is greater cos−1   + cos−1   or cot −1 ( −1)
 25  5

 7 
A8 Let α = cos−1  
 25 
 24  25
α = tan−1  
 7 
3
Let β = cos−1  
5 α
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

3
cosβ =
5
4
β = tan−1
3
7 3  24  −1  4 
cos−1 + cos−1 = tan−1   + tan  
25 5  7  3

46.
  24 4 
 +
= π + tan  7
−1 3  (as 24 × 4 > 1 )

 1 − 24 × 4  7 3
 7 3
 100 
= π + tan−1  
 −75  5
4 4
= π − tan−1  
3
= π − (greater than π/4).
β
7 3 3π 3
⇒ cos−1 + cos−1 < = cot −1 ( −1)
25 5 4
So, cot −1 ( −1) is greater

 3 
Q9 Find A : 2cos−1 
13
 = tan A
−1

 

A9 2θ = tan−1 A (Let θ = cos −1

3
)
13
2tanθ
⇒ tan2θ = A ⇒ =A
1 − tan2 θ
2
2× 12
⇒ 3 =A ⇒A=
2
2
5
1− 
3

1 7
Q10 Find B if
2
cos−1
25
= tan−1B

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

A10 1
2
θ = tan−1B
 −1 7 
 Let θ = cos 25 
θ
⇒ tan =B
2
1 − cosθ
⇒B=
sinθ
7
1− 3
⇒B= 25 ⇒B=
24 4
25
47.
 Property-VI :

−1 
(a) sin x + sin y =  −1
(
 sin−1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x2
) if x, y ≥ 0, x2 + y 2 ≤ 1

(
π − sin−1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x2
 ) if x, y ≥ 0, x2 + y 2 > 1

Proof :
Let x = sinA,   y = sinB,   x, y ≥ 0
sin(A + B) = sinA cosB + cosA sinB
= x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x2

(
sin−1 ( sin ( A + B) ) = sin−1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x2   …(i) )
π
Also A, B ∈ 0,  A + B ∈ [0, π]
 2 

Make two case

Case-I :
 π π π π
A + B ∈ 0,  ⇒ A + B ≤ ⇒ A ≤ − B ⇒ sin−1 x ≤ − sin−1 y
 2  2 2 2

π 
⇒ sin ( sin−1 x ) ≤ sin  − sin−1 y 
2 

(
⇒ x ≤ cos sin−1 y )
⇒x≤ 1 − y2

⇒ x2 ≤ 1 − y 2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

⇒ x2 + y 2 ≤ 1

(
By (i) A + B = sin−1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x2 )
(
sin−1 x + sin−1 y = sin−1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x2 )

48.
Case-II :
π  π π π
A + B ∈  , π  ⇒ A + B > ⇒ A > − B ⇒ sin−1 x > − sin−1 y
2  2 2 2
π 
⇒ sin ( sin−1 x ) > sin  − sin−1 y 
2 
(
⇒ x > cos sin−1 y )
⇒ x > 1 − y2
⇒ x2 + y 2 > 1

(
By (i) π − ( A + B) = sin−1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x2 )
(
⇒ sin−1 x + sin−1 y = π − sin−1 x 1 − y 2 + y 1 − x2 )

3 12
Q1 Find whether sin−1
5
+ sin−1
13
is acute/obtuse

2 2
3  12 
A1 Method-I   +   > 1 ⇒ obtuse
5  13 
3 12
Method-II tan−1 + tan−1
4 5
3 12 Point to Remember!!!
xy = × > 1 ⇒ obtuse
    4 5
Generally, conversion in tan–1 is
considered as better.

Property-VI :
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

(b) sin–1x – sin–1y = sin−1  x 1 − y 2 − y 1 − x2  where x ∈ [0, 1], y ∈ [0, 1]

 

cos–1 x + cos–1 y = cos–1 x y – 1 − x2 1 − y 2  where x ∈ [0, 1], y ∈ [0, 1]

 

cos–1 x – cos–1 y = cos–1 x y + 1 − x2 1 − y 2  where 0 ≤ x < y ≤ 1

 

49.
 Q1 If cos−1 x + cos−1 y + cos−1z = π then prove that x2 + y 2 + z2 + 2xyz = 1

A1 cos−1 x + cos−1 y = π − cos−1z

Take cosine on both sides
( ) (
cos cos−1 x + cos−1 y = cos π − cos−1 z )
⇒ cos ( cos−1 x ) cos ( cos−1 y ) − sin ( cos−1 x ) sin ( cos−1 y ) = −cos ( cos−1z )
.
⇒ xy − 1 − x 2
1 − y = −z
2

⇒ xy + z = (1 − x ) (1 − y )
2 2

Squaring both sides

⇒ ( xy + z ) = ( 1 − x2 ) ( 1 − y 2 )
2

⇒ x2 y 2 + 2xyz + z2 = 1 − x2 − y 2 + x2 y 2
⇒ x2 + y 2 + z2 + 2xyz = 1

2 6+1 π
Q2 Show that cos−1
3
− cos−1
2 3
=
6

Method I :
A2   6 + 1 + 2 6 
2 6+1 2
LHS = cos−1  + 1− 1−  
 3 2 3 3  12  
 6+1 1 5−2 6 
= cos−1  + 
 3 2 3 12 
 
Let 5−2 6 = a −b

Squaring 5 − 2 6 = a2 + b2 − 2ab
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

By hit and trial a = 3, b = 2

 6+1 3− 2 
So, LHS = cos 
−1
+ 
 3 2 3 × 2 3 
 3 π
= cos 
−1
 =
 2  6

50.
 Method II :
1  3− 2  1
LHS = tan
−1

2
− tan−1 
1 + 3· 2
 = tan
−1

2
(
− tan−1 3 − tan−1 2 )
 
π π
= cot −1 2 − tan−1 3 + tan−1 2 = − tan−1 3 =
    2 6

Property–VII :

  x + y + z − xyz 
 tan 
−1

  1 − ( xy + yz + zx )  if x, y, z > 0, xy + yz + zx < 1
tan x + tan y + tan z = 
−1 −1 −1

  x + y + z − xyz  if x, y, z > 0, xy + yz + zx > 1

π + tan  1 − ( xy + yz + zx ) 
−1

  

Proof : Case-I xy < 1

x+y
tan x + tan y + tan z = tan−1
−1 −1 −1
+ tan−1z
1 − xy
x+y 
 1 − xy + z
x+y
= tan
−1
if z<1
 x+ y 1 − xy
1−  z
 1 − xy 

x + y + z − xyz
= tan–1 if xy + yz + zx < 1 and xy < 1
1 − ( xy + yz + zx )

x + y + z − xyz
= π + tan
−1
if xy + yz + zx > 1 and xy < 1
1 − ( xy + yz + zx )
Similarly, make case-II xy > 1

Q1 Let r, s, t be roots of the equation x(x – 2) (3x – 7) = 2. Prove that its roots r,
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
s and t are real and positive. Compute tan–1r + tan–1s + tan–1t.

A1 r, s, t are point of intersection of graph

y = x(x – 2) (3x – 7) and y = 2
7 
r ∈ (0, 1), s ∈ (1, 2), t ∈  , 3 
3 
x ( 3x2 − 13x + 14 ) = 2

⇒ 3x3 − 13x2 + 14x − 2 = 0

51.
 13 y
⇒r+s+t =     …(i)
3 (3, 6)
6
14
⇒ rs + st + tr =      …(ii) 5
3
4 (1, 4)
2
⇒ rst = .        …(iii) 3
3
2 y=2
 r + s + t − rst  1
tan−1r + tan−1s + tan−1 t = π + tan−1  
 1 − (rs + st + tr ) 
x
1 2 3 4
 13 2 
 − 
= π + tan−1  3 3 
 1 − 14 
 3 
3π
= π + tan−1 ( −1) =
4

π
Q2 Point (x, y) satisfying the equation sin−1 x + cos−1 y + cos−1 ( 2xy ) =
2
lies on

(A) the bisector of the first and third quadrant

(B) bisector of the second and fourth quadrant
(C) the rectangle formed by the lines x = ± 1 and y = ± 1
(D) a unit circle with centre at the origin

A2 (D)
π
cos−1 y + cos−1 ( 2xy ) =
− sin−1 x = cos−1 x
2
Now, take cos on both sid

⇒ cos ( cos−1 ( 2xy ) ) = cos ( cos−1 x − cos−1 y )

⇒ 2xy = xy + 1 − x2 1 − y 2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

⇒ xy = 1 − x2 1 − y 2
Squaring on both sides
= ( 1 − x2 ) ( 1 − y 2 )
2
⇒ ( xy )
⇒ x2 + y2 = 1

52.
 Simplification & Transformation of Inverse
functions by elementry substitution and their
graphs: y

 /2
 2 tan−1 x if −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
2x  I
(1) sin–1 =  π − 2 tan x if
−1
x≥1 D
1 + x2  − π − 2 tan x if

−1
x ≤ −1
–1 1 x
D I
Domain :
2x
−1 ≤ ≤1
1 + x2 – /2
⇒ −1 − x ≤ 2x ≤ 1 + x
2 2

⇒ −1 − x2 ≤ 2x ∩ 2x ≤ 1 + x2
⇒ x2 + 2x + 1 ≥ 0 ∩ x2 − 2x + 1 ≥ 0
2 2
⇒ ( x + 1) ≥ 0 ∩ ( x − 1) ≥ 0
⇒ x∈R∩x∈R⇒ x∈R

Point :

Expression Domain Assumption

1 − x2 [–1, 1] x = sinθ, cosθ

x2 − 1 ( −∞, −1] ∪ [1, ∞ ) x = secθ, cosecθ

x2 + 1 ( −∞, ∞ ) x = tanθ, cotθ

–1
y=sin (sinx)
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 2x 
f ( x ) = sin−1  2 
1+ x 
 −2x 
f ( −x ) = sin−1  2 
1+ x 
 2x 
= −sin−1  2 
= −f ( x )
1+ x 

⇒ f(x) is odd function.

53.
  π π
Let x = tanθ, where θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
 2tanθ 
f ( x ) = sin−1  2 
 1 + tan θ 
= sin−1 ( sin2θ )

Case-I :
π π π π  π π
− ≤ 2θ ≤ ⇒ − ≤ θ ≤ ⇒ tan  −  ≤ tanθ ≤ tan ⇒ −1 ≤ x ≤ 1
2 2 4 4  4 4

f ( x ) = sin−1 ( sin2θ ) = 2θ = 2 tan−1 x

Case-II :
π π π π π
< 2θ < π ⇒ < θ < ⇒ tan < tanθ < tan ⇒ 1 < x < ∞
2 4 2 4 2
f ( x ) = sin−1 ( sin2θ )
= π − 2θ
= π − 2 tan−1 x

Case-III :
π π π  π
−π < 2θ < − ⇒ − < θ < − ⇒ − ∞ < tanθ < tan  −  ⇒ −∞ < x < −1
2 2 4  4
f ( x ) = sin−1 ( sin2θ )
= −π − 2θ = −π − 2 tan−1 x

1 − x2 2 tan−1 x x≥ 0
(2) cos−1 = 
 −2tan x x< 0
−1
1 + x2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Properties :

(i) f(x) is even function

(ii) Domain is R

54.
Proof :
–1
y=cos (cosx)

 π π
Let x = tanθ, θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ θ = tan−1 x
 2 2
 1 − tan2 θ 
f ( x ) = cos−1  2 
 1 + tan θ 

= cos−1 ( cos2θ )

Now, use graph of y = cos-1(cosx)

  π
 2θ = 2tan x
−1
when 2θ∈ [0, π ) ⇒ θ ∈ 0,  ⇒ tanθ = x ∈ [0, ∞ )
  2
f (x) = 
−2θ = −2tan−1 x when 2θ∈ ( −π, 0 ) ⇒ θ ∈  − π , 0  ⇒ tanθ = x ∈ ( −∞, 0 )
 
  2 

Q1 Solve for x : 3cos x = sin

−1 −1
( 1 − x2 ( 4x2 − 1) )

A1 Let x = cosθ, θ ∈ [0, π]

3cos −1
(cosθ ) = sin−1 ( 1 − cos2 θ ( 4cos2 θ − 1) )
(
⇒ 3θ = sin−1 sinθ ( 4 − 4sin2 θ − 1) )
= sin−1 ( 3sinθ − 4sin3 θ )

⇒ 3θ = sin−1 ( sin3θ )
 π π
sin−1 ( sin3θ ) = 3θ, when 3θ ∈  − ,  but here θ ∈ [0, π]
 2 2
 π
⇒ 3θ ∈ 0, 
 2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 π
⇒ θ ∈ 0, 
 6
 3 
⇒ cosθ ∈  , 1
 2 
 3 
⇒ x∈ , 1
 2 

55.
  1 + x2 − 1  1
Q2 Prove that tan−1 
 x
 = tan−1 x, ∀x ∈ R − {0}
 2
 

 π π
A2 Let x = tanθ, θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
 secθ − 1 
LHS = tan−1  
 tanθ 
 1 − cosθ 
= tan−1  
 sinθ 
 2 θ 
 2sin 2 
= tan −1

 2sin θ cos θ 
 2 2
 θ
= tan−1  tan 
 2
θ  π π 
=  as θ ∈  − ,  
2  2 2 
tan−1 x
= = RHS Hence proved.
2

 π + 2tan−1 x x < −1
2x 
(3) tan =  2 tan x −1 < x < 1
−1 −1

1 − x2 2tan x − π

−1
x>1
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

–1
y = tan (tanx)

56.
 2x
Q3 Let f ( x ) = sin–1
1 + x2
+ 2tan−1 x . Find cos(f(10))

A3 f ( x ) = π − 2tan−1 x + 2tan−1 x , for x > 1

=π
cos(f(10)) = cosπ = – 1 y

 2cos−1 x if x ∈ 0, 1

(
(4) cos 2x − 1 = 
−1 2
)
2π − 2cos x if x ∈  −1, 0
−1

x
–1 0 1


(
 − π + 3sin−1 x ) if − 1 ≤ x ≤ −1 / 2
(5) sin
–1
(3x – 4x ) 3
= 3 sin−1 x

if − 1 / 2 ≤ x ≤ 1 / 2
 π − 3sin x if 1/2 ≤ x ≤ 1
−1

Proof :
 π π
Let x = sinθ, θ ∈  − , 
 2 2

(
y = sin−1 3sinθ − 4sin3 θ ) y = sin–1(sinx)

= sin−1 ( sin3θ )
 3π 3π 
Here, 3θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Use graph of y = sin-1(sinx)

Case-I :
 3π π   π π  1
3θ ∈  − , −  ⇒ θ ∈  − , −  ⇒ x = sinθ ∈  −1, − 
 2 2  2 6  2
y = sin−1 ( sin3θ )

= − ( π + 3θ )

(
= − π + 3sin−1x )
57.
 Case-II :
 π π  π π  1 1
3θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ x = sinθ ∈  − , − 
 2 2  6 6  2 2
y = sin−1 ( sin3θ )
= 3θ
= 3sin−1 x

Case-III :
 π 3π  π π 1 
3θ ∈  ,  ⇒ θ ∈  ,  ⇒ x = sinθ ∈  , 1
2 2  6 2  2 
y = sin−1 ( sin3θ )
= π − 3θ
= π − 3sin−1x

3cos−1x − 2π if −1 ≤ x ≤ −1 / 2

(6) cos−1 ( )
4x3 − 3x = 2π − 3cos−1x if −1 / 2 ≤ x ≤ 1 / 2
 3cos−1x if 1/ 2 ≤ x ≤ 1


Proof :
Let x = cosθ, θ ∈ 0, π 

( )
–1
y=cos (cosx)
y = cos−1 4cos3 θ − 3cosθ

= cos−1 ( cos3θ )

Here 3θ ∈ 0, 3π 
Now, using graph of y = cos-1(cosx)
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Case-I :
 π 1 
3θ ∈ 0, π  ⇒ θ ∈ 0,  ⇒ cosθ = x ∈  , 1
 3 2 
y = cos−1 ( cos3θ )
= 3θ
= 3cos−1 x

58.
Case-II :
 π 2π   1 1
3θ ∈  π, 2π  ⇒ θ ∈  ,  ⇒ x = cosθ ∈  − , 
3 3   2 2

y = cos−1 ( cos3θ )

= 2π − 3θ

= 2π − 3cos−1x

Case-III :
 2π   1
3θ ∈ 2π, 3π  ⇒ θ ∈  , π  ⇒ x = cosθ ∈  −1, − 
3   2

y = cos−1 ( cos3θ )

= 3θ − 2π

= 3cos−1x − 2π

 1 1
 3tan x if - <x<
−1

 3 3
3x − x 3
 1
(7) tan−1 =  −π + 3tan−1x if x >
1 − 3x2  3
 1
 π + 3tan x if x < −
−1

 3

Proof :
 π π
Let x = tanθ, θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
 3tanθ − tan3 θ 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
y = tan−1  
 1 − 3tan θ 
2

= tan−1 ( tan3θ )
 3π 3π 
Here, 3θ ∈  − , 
 2 2
Now, using graph of y= tan-1(tanx)

59.
 Case-I :
 3π π  π π  1 
3θ ∈  − , −  ⇒ θ ∈  − , −  ⇒ tanθ = x ∈  −∞, − 
 2 2  2 6  3

y = tan−1 ( tan3θ )

= π + 3θ

= π + 3tan−1x

Case-II :
 π π  π π  1 1 
3θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ tanθ = x ∈  − , 
 2 2  6 6  3 3
y = tan−1 ( tan3θ )

= 3θ

= 3tan−1 x

Case-III :
 π 3π  π π  1 
3θ ∈  ,  ⇒ θ ∈  ,  ⇒ tanθ = x ∈  , ∞
2 2  6 2  3 
y = tan−1 ( tan3θ )

= 3θ − π

= 3tan−1x − π

Q4 Show that tan−1 x = 2tan−1 cosec ( tan−1 x ) − tan ( cot −1 x ) 

A4  π π
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Let x = tanθ, θ ∈  − ,  ⇒ tan−1x = θ

 2 2
 π 
RHS = 2tan−1 cosecθ − tan  − θ  
 2 
 1 
= 2tan−1  − cotθ
 sinθ 
 1 − cosθ 
= 2tan−1  
 sinθ 

60.
  2 θ 
 2sin 
= 2tan 
−1 2 
 2sin θ cos θ 
 
 2 2
 θ
= 2tan−1  tan 
 2
θ
= 2× =θ
2
= tan–1(x) = LHS Hence proved.

Q5 4
Find x; 2cot −1 2 − cos−1   = cosec−1 x .
5
 

A5 1 3
2tan−1   − tan−1   = cosec−1 x
2
  4
 1 
 2× 
⇒ tan−1  2  − tan−1  3  = cosec−1 x
  
1  4
2

1−   
 2 
4 3
⇒ tan−1   − tan−1   = cosec−1 x
3  4
 4 3 
 3−4 
⇒ tan 
−1
 = cosec x
−1
4 3
1+ × 
 3 4
 7 
⇒ tan−1   = cosec x
−1

 24 
 25 
⇒ cosec−1   = cosec−1 x
 7 
25
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

⇒ x=
7

Q6 If cos−1 x − sin−1 x = cos−1 x 3 , then tell x

A6 cos–1 x – sin–1 x = cos–1 x 3 ... (i)

π
we know cos–1 x + sin–1 x = ... (ii)
2

61.
 (i) – (ii)

2
π
( )
− 2sin−1x = cos−1 x 3
Take cos on both sides
( (
⇒ sin ( 2sin−1 x ) = cos cos−1 x 3 ))
⇒ sin2θ = x 3 where θ= sin–1x
⇒ 2sinθcosθ = x 3
⇒ 2x· 1 − x2 = x 3
⇒ x = 0 or 4 (1 – x2) = 3
1
⇒ x = 0, ±
2
Each is satisfying given equation
1 1
x = 0, , − Ans.
2 2

Q7 sin[2cos–1{cot(2tan–1x)}] = 0

A7 2cos–1{cot(2tan–1x)} = n π, n ∈ I
    = 0, π, 2π if n = 0,1,2 respectively
π
Hence cos–1{cot(2tan–1x)} = 0 or or π
2
or cot(2tan–1x) = 1, 0, or –1
π
(i) cot ( 2tan−1 x ) = 1 ⇒ 2tan x = mπ + , m ∈ I
−1

4
mπ π
⇒ tan−1x = +
   2 8
3π π  π π
⇒ tan−1x = − , (as tan−1x ∈  − , 
8 8  2 2
   )
 3π  π
⇒ x = tan  −  , tan  
    8  8
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

  
⇒x=− ( )
2 +1 , 2 −1

π
( )
(ii) cot 2tan−1x = 0 ⇒ 2tan−1x = ( 2m + 1)
2
, m∈I

π
⇒ tan−1x = ( 2m + 1) , m∈ I
   4
π π   π π
⇒ tan−1x = − ,  as tan x ∈  − 2 , 2  
−1

4 4  
  

62.
  π π
⇒ x = tan  −  , tan  
    4 4
   ⇒ x = −1, 1
π
( )
(iii) cot 2tan−1x = −1 ⇒ 2tan−1x = mπ −
4
, m∈I

π
⇒ tan−1x = ( 4m − 1)
   8
π 3π   π π
   ⇒ tan−1x = − ,  as tan x ∈  − 2 , 2  
−1

8 8  
 π  3π 
⇒ x = tan  −  , tan   ⇒ x = −
 8  8 
( )
2 −1 , 2 +1
  
x = ±1, ± 1 ± 2 ( ) Ans.

π
Q8 Tell numbers of solution(s) and solve sin−1 x + sin–1 2x =
3

A8 Let f(x) = sin–1x + sin–12x

1 1
Domain of f(x) is  − , 
 2 2 
Here, both sin–1x and sin–12x are increasing function
Hence, f(x) is also increasing function.
  1   1 
Range of f(x) will be f  −  , f   
  2   2 
 2π 2π 
Range is  − ,
 3 3 
So, number of solution(s) of equation is 1.
Again, consider equation
π π
α+β = where sin α = x and sinβ = 2x and β = −α
3 3
π 
now sinβ = sin  − α  ;
3 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

π π
hence sinβ = sin cosα − cos sinα
3 3
3 1 5x 3
2x = 1 − x2 − x ⇒ = 1 − x2 ⇒ 25x2 = 3 ( 1 − x2 )
2 2 2 2
3
⇒ 28x2 = 3 ⇒ x2 =
28
3 3
⇒x= (as – is not satisfying given equation)
2 7 2 7
63.
  x + 1 −1  x − 1 
Q9 tan−1   + tan 
 x − 1  x 
 = tan ( −7 )
−1

A9 Take tan on both side.

  x + 1   −1  x − 1  
tan  tan−1    + tan  tan  
  x − 1     x 
= tan ( tan−1 ( −7 ) )
 −1  x + 1    −1  x − 1  
1 − tan  tan    tan  tan  
  x − 1    x 

x+1 x−1
+
⇒ x−1 x = −7
 x + 1 x − 1
1−  
 x − 1 x 
2
x2 + x + ( x − 1 )
( x − 1) x
⇒ = −7
(x 2
− x ) − ( x2 − 1 )
( x − 1) x
2x2 − x + 1
⇒ = −7
−x + 1

⇒ 2x2 − x + 1 = 7x − 7

⇒ 2x2 − 8x + 8 = 0
2
⇒ 2 ( x − 2) = 0

⇒x=2
Cross Check:
x=2
Given equation becomes
1
tan−1 3 + tan−1   = tan−1 ( −7 )
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

2
 π  π  π 
⇒  0,  +  0,  =  − , 0 
 2  2  2 
Which is not possible.
Hence, No solution.

64.
Q10 Solve 2cot –1
2 + cos–1(3/5) = cosec–1x

1
2·
A10 LHS = 2tan
1
2
4
+ tan−1 = tan−1
−1

3
2 + tan−1  4 
1  3 
1−
4
4
⇒ 2tan−1 = cosec−1 x
3
π
⇒ No solution (As LHS is greater than )
2

Q11 Solve cos–1x > cos–1x2

A11 Domain: x ∈ [ −1, 1] ∩ x2 ∈ [ −1, 1] ⇒ x ∈ [ −1, 1]

Now, cos–1x > cos–1x2
⇒ x < x2 (as cos–1x is decreasing)
⇒ x(x – 1) > 0
⇒ x ∈ (–∞, 0) ∪ (1, ∞)
Solution ∩ Domain gives [–1, 0)

Q12 Solve sin–1 x > cos–1x

A12 Domain x ∈ [–1, 1]

Now, sin–1x > cos–1x
π
⇒ sin−1x > − sin−1x
2
π
⇒ 2sin−1x >
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

2
π
⇒ sin−1x >
4
1
⇒x> (as sin–1x is increasing function)
2
 1 
Solution ∩ Domain gives  , 1
 2 

65.
 Q13 Solve sin–1x > sin–1(1 – x)

A13 Domain: 1 – x ∈ [–1, 1] ∩ x ∈ [–1, 1]

⇒ x ∈ [0, 2] ∩ x ∈ [ −1, 1]
⇒ x ∈ [0, 1]
Now, sin–1x > sin–1(1 – x)
1
⇒x>1–x ⇒ x> (as sin–1x is increasing function)
2
1 
Solution ∩ Domain gives  , 1
2 

Q14 Solve arc tan x – 3 arc tanx + 2 > 0

2

A14 (tan x)
2
−1
− 3tan−1x + 2 > 0 or t 2 − 3t + 2 > 0
⇒ ( t − 2 ) ( t − 1) > 0 [t = tan–1(x)]
( tan−1
x − 2) is always < 0
∴ tan−1 x < 1 ⇒ x < tan1
∴ x ∈ ( −∞, tan1)

Q15 Solve [sin–1x] > [cos–1x], where [.] denotes the greatest integer function.

A15 [sin–1x] > [cos–1x]

[sin–1x] can take the values {–2, –1, 0, 1} and
[cos–1x] can take the values {0, 1, 2, 3}
Hence, [ sin–1x] can be greater than (cos–1x) only
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

if [ sin–1x] = 1 and [ cos–1x] = 0

now [ sin–1x] = 1 ⇒ 1 ≤ sin–1x ≤ π/2 (1 ≤ sin–1x < 2)
 
⇒ sin1 ≤ x ≤ 1 … (i)
and [ cos x] = 0 ⇒ 0 ≤ cos x < 1
–1 –1

 
⇒ cos1 < x ≤ 1 … (ii)
By (i) and (ii):
x ∈ [sin1, 1]

66.
Summation of Series
 x−y 
Think by method of difference and tan−1 x − tan−1 y = tan−1  
 1 + xy 

2 4 6
Q1 tan−1
2+1 +1
2 4
+ tan−1
2+2 +2
2 4
+ tan−1
2 + 32 + 34
+…

A1 Tn = tan−1
2n
= tan−1
2n
2+n +n 1 + (n + 1) − n2
2 4 2 2

2n
=tan−1
( )(
1 + n + 1 + n n2 − n + 1
2
)
= tan −1 (n 2
+ n + 1) − (n2 − n + 1)
1 + (n2 + n + 1) (n2 − n + 1)

Tn = tan−1 (n2 + n + 1) − tan−1 (n2 − n + 1)

T1 = tan−1 3 − tan−1 1
T2 = tan−1 7 − tan−1 3
T3 = tan−1 13 − tan−1 7

Tn = tan−1 (n2 + n + 1) − tan−1 (n2 − n + 1)

Sn = tan−1 (n2 + n + 1) − tan−1 ( 1)

π
(
= tan−1 n2 + n + 1 − ) 4
π π π
S∞ = − ⇒ S∞ =
2 4 4

x x x
Q2 Tell sum of n terms of tan−1
1 + ( 1 × 2) x 2
+ tan−1
1 + (2 × 3) x 2
+ … + tan−1
1 + n (n + 1 ) x 2 Inverse Trigonometric Functions

 x 
A2 General term = Tn = tan 
−1
2 

 1 + n (n + 1 ) x 
 (n + 1) x − nx 
= tan−1  ( )
 = tan−1 (n + 1) x − tan−1 (nx )

 (
 1 + (nx ) (n + 1) x ) 

T1 = tan−1 ( 2x ) − tan−1 ( x )
T2 = tan−1 ( 3x ) − tan−1 ( 2x )

67.
 T3 = tan−1 ( 4x ) − tan−1 ( 3x )

Tn = tan−1 ( (n + 1) x ) − tan−1 (nx )

Sn = tan−1 (n + 1) x − tan−1 ( x )
 (n + 1 ) x − x 
= tan−1  
 1 + (n + 1) x.x 
 nx 
= tan−1  2 

 1 + (n + 1 ) x 

 n
4n
Q3 Tell Sn = ∑tan
n= 1
−1 
 4

 and also tell S∞ . .
 n − 2n + 2 
2

 4n   (n + 1)2 − (n − 1)2 
A3 Tn = tan−1  4 
 n − 2n + 1 + 1 
2
= tan−1
 
 1 + (n − 1)2 (n + 1)2 
 
2 2
= tan−1 (n + 1) − tan−1 (n − 1)

T1 = tan−1 4 − tan−1 0

T2 = tan−1 9 − tan−1 1

T3 = tan−1 16 − tan−1 4

T4 = tan−1 25 − tan−1 9

Tn−1 = tan−1 (n2 ) − tan−1 (n − 2)

2

2 2
Tn = tan−1 (n + 1) − tan−1 (n − 1)
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Sn = tan−1 (n2 ) + tan−1 (n + 1) − tan−1 1 − tan−1 0

2

π
( )
2
Sn = tan−1 n + 1 + tan−1n2 −
4
π π π
S∞ = + −
2 2 4
3π
S∞ =
4

68.
  1 
Q4
∞
Tell Sn = ∑tan
i= 1
−1
 2  and also tell S∞
 2i 

 1 
A4 Ti = tan−1  2 
 2i 
 2 
= tan−1  2 
 4i 
 ( 2i + 1) − ( 2i − 1) 
= tan−1  
 1 + 4i2 − 1 
= tan−1 ( 2i + 1) − tan−1 ( 2i − 1)
T1 = tan−1 3 − tan−1 1
T2 = tan−1 5 − tan−1 3
T3 = tan−1 7 − tan−1 5

Tn = tan−1 ( 2n + 1) − tan−1 ( 2n − 1)

π
Sn = tan−1 ( 2n + 1) −
4
π π π
S∞ = − ⇒ S∞ =
2 4 4

Q5 Tell cosec−1 5 + cosec−1 65 + cosec−1 325 + ...∞

1 1  1 
A5 tan−1   + tan−1   + tan−1  
2 8  18 
 1 
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Tn = tan−1  2 
 2n 
 2 
= tan−1  2 
 4n 
 ( 2n + 1) − ( 2n − 1) 
= tan−1  
 1 + ( 2n + 1) ( 2n − 1) 
= tan−1 ( 2n + 1) − tan−1 ( 2n − 1)

69.
 T1 = tan−1 3 − tan−1 1
T2 = tan−1 5 − tan−1 3
T3 = tan−1 7 − tan−1 5

Tn = tan−1 ( 2n + 1) − tan−1 ( 2n − 1)

π
(
Sn = tan−1 2n + 1 − ) 4
π π
S∞ = −
2 4
π
S∞ =
4

∞
  1  −1  1  
Q6 Tell Sn = ∑  cos  − cos    and S∞
−1

n= 1  n + 1   n 

 1  −1  1 
A6 Tn = cos−1   − cos  
n + 1 n
1
T1 = cos−1   − cos−1 ( 1)
2
1 1
T2 = cos−1   − cos−1  
3 2

 1  −1  1 
Tn = cos−1   − cos  
 n + 1  n

 1 
Sn = cos−1   − cos ( 1)
−1

n + 1
Inverse Trigonometric Functions

S∞ = cos−1 ( 0) − 0
π
S∞ =
2

70.
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) I.T.F.

SOLVED EXAMPLES
1. Find the number of values of x statisfying simultaneously sin–1 x = 2 tan–1 x and

tan 1 x(x  1)  cosec 1 1  x  x 2  .
2

Sol. Given that, tan 1 x 2  x  cosec 1 1  (x 2  x) 
2
For domain, we must have x2 – x = 0 x = 0, 1
Also, both x = 0 and x = 1 satisfies the equation sin–1 x = 2 tan–1 x.
Ans. is 2
2. If 0 < cos–1 x < 1 and 1 + sin(cos–1 x) + sin2(cos–1 x) + sin3(cos–1 x) + .......=2, then x equals
1 1 3 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2 3
Sol. –1 2 –1
We have, 1 + sin(cos x) + sin (cos x) + .......=2
1
 2
1  sin(cos 1 x)
1
  1  sin(cos 1 x)
2
1
 sin(cos 1 x) 
2

 cos 1 x 
6
3
 x Ans.
2
3. If x1, x2 and x3 are the positive roots the equation x3– 6x2 + 3px – 2p = 0, p  R – {0}, then the value
1 1   1 1   1 1
of sin 1     cos 1     tan 1    is equal to
 x1 x 2   x 2 x3   x 3 x1 
  3
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
4 2 4
x1
3 2
Sol. x  6x  3px  2p  0 x2
x3
x1  x 2  x 3 6
A.M. =  2
3 3
3 3x x x
H.M. =  1 2 3 2
1 1 1  x1 x 2
 
x1 x 2 x 3
 A.M. = H.M.  x1 = x2 = x3 = 2

1 1   1 1   1 1   
sin 1     cos 1     tan 1    =  0  
 x1 x 2   x 2 x3   x 3 x1  2 4 4

Get 10% Instant Discount On Unacademy Plus [Use Referral Code: MCSIR] 76
Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) I.T.F.

4. If the range of the function f (x)  tan 1 (x)  1  1  tan 1 (x) is [a, b] then the value of (a2 + b2)
is
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6
Sol. –1
For y to the real – 1 tan x  1
  tan1  x  tan1
y  t 1  1 t  y2  2  2 1  t 2
 y 2  [2, 4]  y   2, 2  (a2 + b2) = 6 Ans.

2
   1  x  k 
5. Let f : R   ,  , is defined by f (x)  sin   . Then the possible values of ‘k’ for which f is
6 2   1 x2 
surjective function, is
1   1  1   1 
(A)   (B)  1,   (C)   (D)   ,1
2  2 2  2 
1 x2  k
Sol. We have,  1
2 1 x2
1 (k  1)
  1  x R
2 x2 1
 k+1>0
k 1 1
So, k > – 1 and  –1
x2 1 2 –1
 x2 + 1  2k + 2
2
So, x2 – (2k + 1)  0  x  R 4(2k + 1)  0
1
 k
2
1
Hence k = Ans.
2
6. Evaluate the following :
(a) sin–1(sin10) (b) tan–1(tan (– 6)) (c) cot–1(cot 4) (d) cos–1 {sin( – 5)}
Sol. (a) We know that sin–1(sin) = , if –/2  /2
Here, = 10 radians which does not lie between –/2 and /2
 
But, 3 –  i.e., 3 – 10 lie between  and
2 2
Also, sin(3 – 10) = sin 10
 sin–1(sin 10) = sin–1 (sin (3 – 10)) = (3 – 10)
(b) We know that,
tan–1(tan) = , if –/2 <  < /2. Here,  = –6, radians which does not lie between
–/2 and /2.
We find that 2 – 6 lies between –/2 and /2 such that;
tan (2 – 6) = –tan 6 = tan(–6)
 tan–1(tan(–6)) = tan–1 (tan(2 – 6)) = (2 – 6)
(c) cot–1(cot4) = cot–1(cot( + (4 –))) = cot–1(cot(4 – )) = (4 – )

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(d) Let y = cos–1 {sin(–5)} = cos–1 (– sin 5)
=  – cos–1 (sin 5) (cos–1 (– x) =  – cos–1x, |x|  1)
  
   cos 1 cos   5   ....(i)
 2 
 
 2    5   
2 
1         5 
Hence, cos cos   5      5   2    5 
 2   2   2 
 from (i) we get
   3
 y      5  y  5 
 2  2
5
7. Let f(x) = tan–1 (cot x – 2 cot 2x) and  f (r)  a  b , where a, b N. Find the value of (a + b).
r 1

Sol. f(x) = tan–1 (cot x – 2 cot 2x)

1  1 1  tan 2 x  2
1  tan x  1
= tan    = tan    tan
 tan x tan x   tan x 
(tan x).
5
Now,  f (r)  f (1)  f (2)  f (3)  f (4)  f (5)
r 1

f(1) = 1
f(2) = 2 – 
f(3) = 3 – 
f(4) = 4 – 
f(5) = 5 – 2
5
  f (r)  15  5  a  b
r 1

 a = 15, b = 5
So, value of (a + b) = 20 Ans.
1 1
8. Let   tan 1    tan 1    ....... + tan–1 (1) + tan–1 (2) + ........ + tan–1 (10) + + tan–1 (11). If
 10  9
p
tan   (where p and q are coprime), then the value of (p + q).
q

1 1
Sol. Given   tan 1    tan 1    ....... + tan–1 (1) + tan–1 (2) + ........ + tan–1 (10) + + tan–1 (11)
 10  9

 1   1 
 =  tan 1    tan 1 (10)    tan 1    tan 1 (9)   ....
  10    9 

 1  1  1 
 tan    tan (2)   tan–1 (1) + tan–1(11)
 2 

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  19
  9     tan 1 (11) =  tan 1 (11)
2 4 4

 19  11  1 10 5  p
Now, tan   tan   tan 1 (11)  =  = p + q = 11
1
 4  1  11 12 6 q

2 4  1 1 1 
9. Find the sum of all the solutions of equation x  2x  1   tan x  tan 
  x
Sol. Case I : x > 0
4 
x 2  2x  1  2
 2
 x2 + 2x – 3 = 0  x = 1 and –3(reject)
Case II : x < 0
4
x 2  2x  1  (tan 1 x  cot 1 x  )

4 
 x 2  2x  1      2
 2
 (x + 1)2 = 0  x = – 1
 x=–1&1
 Sum of all the solutions equal to zero.
 1 
10. Find value of x if cos–1(–x) + tan–1(–x) – 2sin–1(x) + sec–1     for | x |  1
 x 4

Sol.   cos 1 (x)  tan 1 (x)  2 sin 1 (x)  cos 1 ( x) 
4

  cos 1 (x)  tan 1 (x)  2 sin 1 (x)    cos 1 ( x) 
4

2  2(sin 1 x  cos 1 x)   tan 1 x
4
 3
2     tan 1 x  tan 1 x  Hence no solution
4 4

1
11. Find the value of cos(2 cos 1 x  sin 1 x) when x 
5
 1 1  1 1 1
Sol. cos  2 cos 1  sin 1   cos  cos 1  sin 1  cos 1 
 5 5  5 5 5

 1   1 
 cos   cos 1    sin  cos 1    ...(i)
2 5   5 
2
1 2 6
 1    
5 5

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12. Solve the equation : 2tan–1(2x + 1) = cos–1x.

Sol. Here, 2tan–1(2x + 1) = cos–1x

 1  tan 2  
or cos(2tan–1(2x + 1)) = x  we know cos 2  
 1  tan 2  

1  (2x  1) 2
 x
1  (2x  1) 2
 (1 – 2x – 1)(1 + 2x + 1) = x(4x2 + 4x + 2)
 – 2x . 2(x + 1) = 2x(2x2 + 2x + 1)
 2x(2x2 + 2x + 1 + 2x + 2) = 0
 2x(2x2 + 4x + 3) = 0
 x = 0 or 2x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 {No solution}
Verify x = 0
2tan–1(1) = cos–1(1)
 
 
2 2
 x = 0 is only the solution


13. If sin 1 (6x)  sin 1 (6 3x)  , then x is equal to
2

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 6 12 6


Sol. We have sin 1 (6x)   sin 1 (6 3x) ,
2

  
 sin(sin 1 6x)  sin   sin 1  6 3x  
 2 

 6x  cos  sin 1 6 3x 
Squaring b.t.s we get
36x2 = 1 – 108x2
 144x2 = 1
1
 x
12

1
But x  (Rejected)
12

1
Hence, x  Ans.
12

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2
 2x  1  x  1 
14. Let f (x)  sin 1   and g(x)  cos  2  , then the value of (f(10) – g(100)) is equal to
 1 x2   x 1
(A)  – 2(tan–1 (10) + tan–1 (100)) (B) 0
(C) 2(tan–1 (100) – tan–1 (10)) (D) 2(tan–1 (10) – tan–1 (100))
 2x 
Sol. f (x)  sin 1  2 
=  – 2 tan–1 x for x  1
 1 x 
2
 x2 1  1  1  x 
and 1
g(x)  cos  2  ,   cos  2 
   2 tan 1 x for x  0
 x 1  1 x 
Now, f(10) – g(100) = (– 2 tan–1 (10)) – ( – 2 tan–1 (100))
= 2 (tan–1(100) – tan–1(10)) Ans.

2 1  2 
15. Consider, f (x)  tan 1 , g(x)  sin  2 
and h(x)  tan(cos 1 (sin x)) . Identify the correct
x  4 x 
statement(s)?
4
(A) For x > 0, (h(f(x) + h(g(x))) is equal to
x
(B) For x < 0, (h(f(x) + h(g(x))) is equal to 0
(C) For x > 0, (h(f(x) + h(g(x))) is equal to x
x
(D) For x < 0, (h(f(x) + h(g(x))) is equal to
4

 1 2
 tan , x0
x

 
Sol. g(x)   , x0
 2
 1 2
 tan x , x  0


x
For x > 0, h(f(x)) = = h(g(x))
2
x x
For x < 0, h(f(x)) = & h(g(x)) =
2 2

 1  1  x 
cos  2 
, x0
16. Let f (x)    2(1  x )  . If the set of values of k for which the equation f(x) = k has
 tan 1 x , x0


1 1
exactly two solutions is [a, b) then find the value of     .
a b

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Sol. For x  0
 1 x 
f (x)  cos 1  put x = tan 
2  y
 2(1  x ) 

   
  tan 1 x ;    ,0
 2 

4
 1  tan   cos 1  1 (cos   sin ) 
 cos 1  =  
 2sec 2
   2  x
O
  
        tan 1 x
 4 4


 tan 1 x , x  0
f (x)   4
 1
 tan x , x0

 
From the graph it is clear that equation f(x) = k has exactly two roots then k   ,   [a, b)
4 2 
1 1 4 2
=            6 Ans.
a b  

17. Prove that :

c xy 1  c 2  c1  1  c 3  c 2  1  c n  c n 1  1  1  1  x 
tan 1  1   tan    tan    ....  tan    tan    tan  
 c1y  x   1  c2 c1   1  c3 c 2   1  c n c n 1   cn  y
Sol. L.H.S.
c xy 1  c 2  c1  1  c 3  c 2  1  c n  c n 1  1  1 
tan 1  1   tan    tan    ....  tan    tan  
 c1y  x   1  c2 c1   1  c3 c 2   1  c n c n 1   cn 

 x 1 
 yc  1
1
 tan  1
  (tan 1 c 2  tan 1 c1 )  (tan 1 c3  tan 1 c 2 )  ......  (tan 1 c n  tan 1 c n 1 )  tan 1  
 1 . 1
x   cn 
 y c1 
 

x 1 1

 tan 1    tan 1    tan 1 c1  tan 1 c n  tan 1  
y  c1   cn 

x
 tan 1    (cot 1 c1  tan 1 c1 )  (tan 1 c n  cot 1 c n )
y
x   x
 tan 1      tan 1    R.H.S.
y 2 2 y

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 n  2r  1 
18. If tan   tan 1  2 2 3 
 961 , then the value of n is equal to
 r 1  (r  r  1)(r  r  1)  2r  
(A) 31 (B) 30 (C) 60 (D) 61
n
1  2r  1 
Sol.  tan  (r 2  r  1)(r 2  r  1)  2r 3 
r 1  
n
1  2r  1 
=  tan
r 1
 4 2 3 
 r  r  1  2r 
n
1  2r  1 
=  tan  1  r 2 (r 2  2r  1) 
r 1  
n 2 2
1  r  (r  1) 
= tan  2 2 
r 1  1  r (r  1) 
n

=   tan
r 1
1
(r) 2  tan 1 (r  1) 2   tan 1 (n 2 )

 tan(tan–1 (n2)) = 961 = n2 = 961 n = 31 Ans.

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CONCEPT BUILDING EXERCISE-1

1. Find value of :
  17  
(i) sin  cot 1  cot  (ii) sin–1(sin(–600°))
  3  

  3   5 
(iii) sin  2cos 1     (iv) tan–1tan  
  5   7 
 33   2   2 
(v) sin–1  cos  (vi) cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin 
 5   3   3 

  17  
(vii) cos–1 cos      (viii) sec2(tan–1 2) + cosec2(cot–1 3)
  15  

2. If cos–1(a) + cos–1(b) + cos–1(c) = 3 and f(1) = 2, f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y ;
(a  b  c)
then a2f(1) + b2f(2) + c2f(3) + 2f (1) is equal to :
a  b 2f (2)  c 2f (3)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

3. If sin–1 x + tan–1 x = y(–1 < x < 1), then which is not possible :
3  
(A) y = (B) y = 0 (C) y = (D) y = –
2 2 2

 25 
4. If 3 cos–1  x 2  7x   = , then x =
 2 
(A) only 3 (B) only 4 (C) 3 or 4 (D) None of these

 1  1
5. The value of sin2  cos 1  + cos2  sin 1  is :
 2  3
17 59 36
(A) (B) (C) (D) None
36 36 59

20 20
6. If 
i 1
sin–1x i = 10 then  xi is equal to
i 1

(A) 20 (B) 10 (C) 0 (D) None of these

1
7. If x + = 2, the principal value of sin–1 x is :
x
  3
(A) (B) (C)  (D)
4 2 2

23 39
8. sin–1 sin + cos–1 cos
7 7
 2 3 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 7 7 7
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1  cos x
9. cos–1 ;  0 < x <  is :
2
x
(A) x (B) (C) 2x (D) None of these
2

CONCEPT BUILDING EXERCISE-2

1. sec(cosec–1 x) is equal to : (where |x|  1)
(A) cosec(sec–1 x) (B) 1/x (C)  (D) Depends on sign of x


2. If sin–1 x – cos–1 x = , then x is :
6
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) None of these
2 2 2

 1
3. Solution of equation tan(cos–1 x) = sin  cot 1  is :
 2

7 5 3 5
(A) x = (B) x = (C) x = (D) None of these
3 3 2

1 1
4. sin–1 x + sin–1 + cos–1 x + cos–1 =
x x
 3
(A)  (B) (C) (D) None of these
2 2

5. If x > 0, sin–1(2 + x) + cos–1(2 + x)

  
(A) 2 + (B) (C) x + (D) None of these
2 2 2

2
6. If sin–1 x + sin–1 y = , then cos–1 x + cos–1 y =
3
2  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
3 3 6
 4  2 
7. The value of tan cos 1    sin 1    is :
 5  13  
7 17 6 16
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 6 17 7

8. The value of cos[tan–1 tan 2] is :

1 1
(A) (B)  (C) cos 2 (D) – cos 2
5 5

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9. cos[tan–1{sin(cot–1 x)}] is equal to :

x2  2 x2  2 x2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
x2  3 x2 1 x2  2

10. If a  tan–1 x + cot–1 x + sin–1 x  b. Then :


(A) maximum a = 0, minimum b =  (B) b =
2

(C) a = (D) None of these
4

CONCEPT BUILDING EXERCISE-3

1. tan–1 n + cot–1(n + 1) is equal to (n > 0) :

(A) cot–1(n2 + n + 1) (B) cot–1(n2 – n + 1) (C) tan–1(n2 + n + 1) (D) None of these
2. If sin–1(sin x) = – x then x belongs to :
  3 
(A) R (B) [0, ] (C)  ,  (D) [, 2]
2 2 

1 1
3. If x = 3tan–1   + 2 tan–1   then,
2 5
   3 
(A) <x< (B) <x< (C) < x < (D) 0 < x <
4 2 2 2 4

 1  9 9  
4. The principal value of cos–1   cos  sin   is :
 2 10 10  
3 7 7 17 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 20 10 20
ab bc
5. tan–1 + tan–1 =
1  ab 1  bc
(A) tan–1 a – tan–1 b (B) tan–1 a – tan–1 c (C) tan–1 b – tan–1 c (D) tan–1 c – tan–1 a


6. If tan–1 2x + tan–1 3x = then x =
4
1 1 1
(A) –1 (B) (C) –1, (D)
6 6 6

7. If cos–1 x > sin–1 x, then :

1 1
(A) x < 0 (B) –1 < x < 0 (C) 0  x < (D) –1  x <
2 2
8. sin–1 sin 15 + cos–1 cos 20 + tan–1 tan 25 =
(A) 19 – 60 (B) 30 – 9 (C) 19 – 60 (D) 60 – 19

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1  5 
9. tan  cos 1  =
 3  
 2  

3 5 3 5 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 3 5 3 5

10. If  and  are the roots of the euqation x2 + 5x – 49 = 0 then find the value of cot(cot–1  + cot–1 ).

EXERCISE–I
1. Given is a partial graph of an even periodic function f whose period
is 8. If [*] denotes greatest integer function then find the value of the
expression.
  7 
f (–3) + 2 | f (–1) | +  f   + f (0) + arc cos  f (2) + f (–7) + f (20)
  8 

2. (a) Find the following

 1  1   7
(i) tan  cos 1  tan 1   (ii) cos1  cos 6 
 2  3  

3  1 3 3
(iii) cos  tan 1  (iv) tan  sin  cot 1 
 4  5 2
(b) Find the following :
   3  1  3

  
(i) sin   sin 1    (ii) cos cos  2   6 
 2  2      

 3  1 63 
(iii) tan1  tan  (iv) sin  arc sin 

 4  4 8 
3. Find the domain of definition the following functions.
( Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
2x 1  x2
(i) f(x) = arc cos (ii) f (x) = cos (sin x)  sin 1
1 x 2x
 x  3
(iii) f (x) = sin 1    log10 ( 4  x ) (iv) f (x) = sin–1(2x + x2)
 2 
1  sin x
(v) f(x) =  cos 1 (1  {x}) , where {x} is the fractional part of x .
log 5 (1  4x 2 )
3  2x
(vi) f (x) = 3  x  cos 1   1

  log6 2 x  3  sin log 2 x
 5 
 3 
(vii) f (x) = log10 (1  log7 (x2  5 x + 13)) + cos1  
9 x 
 2  sin 2 

sin 1  x2  x 
(viii) f(x) = e  tan 1   1  n
2 
 x  [x] 
2 sin x  1 1  
(ix) f(x) = sin(cos x) + ln ( 2 cos2 x + 3 cos x + 1) + ecos  

 2 2 sin x 

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4. Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical. Also plot the graphs in each case.
1  x2 1
(a) y = tan (cos 1 x); y = (b) y = tan (cot 1 x) ; y =
x x
x
(c) y = sin (arc tan x); y = (d) y = cos (arc tan x) ; y = sin (arc cot x)
1  x2
5. Find the domain and range of the following functions .
(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions respectively.)
(i) f (x) = cot1(2x  x²) (ii) f (x) = sec1 (log3 tan x + logtan x 3)
 2 x2  1   
(iii) f(x) = cos1 
 x2  1 
 
(iv) f (x) = tan 1  log 4 5x 2  8x  4 


  5

6. Let l1 be the line 4x + 3y = 3 and l2 be the line y = 8x. L1 is the line formed by reflecting l1 across the
line y = x and L2 is the line formed by reflecting l2 across the x-axis. If  is the acute angle between
L1 and L2 such that tan  = a b , where a and b are coprime then find (a + b).
7. Let y = sin–1(sin 8) – tan–1(tan 10) + cos–1(cos 12) – sec–1(sec 9) + cot–1(cot 6) – cosec–1(cosec 7).
If y simplifies to a + b then find (a – b).

 33    46    13   1   19    13
8. Show that : sin 1  sin   cos
1
 cos   tan
1
  tan   cot  cot    =
 7   7   8    8  7
 36  4 8
9. Let  = sin–1   ,  = cos–1   and  = tan–1   , find ( +  + ) and hence prove that
 85  5  15 
(i)  cot  =  cot  , (ii)  tan  ·tan  = 1
10. Prove that : sin cot–1 tan cos–1 x = sin cosec–1 cot tan–1x = x where x  (0,1]

3
+ 1 cos1 7 = 
16
11. Prove that: (a) 2 cos1 + cot1
13 63 2 25
 5  7 36 2 6 1 
(b) cos 1    cos 1     sin 1 = (c) arc cos  arc cos =
 13  25  325 3 2 3 6

 ab  1   bc  1   ca  1 
12. If a > b > c > 0 then find the value of : cot–1   + cot–1   + cot–1  .
 ab   bc   ca 
1 1 
13. Find all values of k for which there is a triangle whose angles have measure tan–1   , tan–1   k  ,
2 2 
 1 
and tan–1   2k  .
2 
 3 sin 2   tan  
14. Prove that: tan1   + tan1   = (where   <  <  )
 5  3 cos 2   4  2 2
15. Find the simplest value of
x 1  1 
(a) f (x) = arc cos x + arc cos   3  3x 2  , x   , 1
2 2  2 
 1  x 2 1 
(b) f (x) = tan 
–1  , x  R – {0}
 x 
 

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16. Prove that the identities.

(a) sin–1 cos (sin1 x) + cos–1 sin (cos–1 x) = , | x |  1
2
(b) 2 tan1 (cosec tan1x  tan cot1x) = tan1x (x  0)
 2mn   2pq   2MN 
(c) tan1   + tan1  2  = tan1  2  where M = mp  nq, N = np + mq,
2 2
m  n  2
p  q   M  N2 

n q N
1 ; 1 and 1
m p M
(d) tan (tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z) = cot (cot1 x + cot1 y + cot1 z)

17. (a) Solve the inequality: (arc sec x)2 – 6(arc sec x) + 8 > 0
(b) If sin2x + sin2y < 1 for all x, y  R then prove that sin–1 (tanx . tany)   2 ,  2  .
18. Let f (x) = cot–1 (x2 + 4x + 2 – ) be a function defined R  0,  2 then find the complete set of
real values of  for which f (x) is onto.
n 6
 
19. If Sn =  r! then for n > 6  given
  r!  873 
r 1  r 1 
Column-I Column-II
   Sn   
(A) sin–1  sin  Sn  7  7    (P) 5 – 2
    
   Sn   
(B) cos–1  cos Sn  7  7    (Q) 2 – 5
    
   Sn   
(C) tan–1  tan Sn  7  7    (R) 6 – 2
    
   Sn   
(D) cot–1  cot  Sn  7  7    (S) 5–
    
(T) – 4
(where [ ] denotes greatest integer function)

EXERCISE–II

 1 a  1 a 2b
1. Prove that: (a) tan   cos 1  + tan   cos 1  =
4 2 b 4 2 b a

cos x  cos y  x y  ab x  b  a cos x 

(b) cos1 = 2 tan1  tan . tan  (c) 2 tan1  a  b . tan 2  = cos1  
1  cos x cos y 2 2    a  b cos x 

 1  x2  1  x2 
2. If y = tan1   prove that x² = sin 2y..
 1  x2  1  x2 
 

3. If u = cot1 cos2  tan1 cos2 then prove that sin u = tan2 .

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1  x  1  x2 
4. If  = 2 arc tan   &  = arc sin  2
 for 0 < x < 1 , then prove that + =, what the
1  x 1  x 

value of  +  will be if x > 1.

 1
5. If x  1,  then express the function f (x) = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) + cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) in the form of
 2
a cos–1 x + b , where a and b are rational numbers.
6. Find the sum of the series:
(a) cot17 + cot113 + cot121 + cot131 + ...... to n terms.
1 2 2 n 1
(b) tan1 + tan1 9
+ ..... + tan1 1  22n  1 + ..... 
3
1 1 1 1
(c) tan1 2 + tan1 2 + tan1 2
+ tan1 2 to n terms.
x x1 x  3x  3 x  5x  7 x  7 x  13

1 1 1
(d) sin 1  sin 1  sin 1  ....... terms
5 65 325
1 2 1 n  n1
(e) sin1 + sin1 + ..... + sin1 + ...... 
2 6 n (n  1)

7. Solve the following equations / system of equations:

 1 1 2
(a) sin1x + sin1 2x = (b) tan1 + tan1 = tan1
3 1  2x 1  4x x2

(c) tan1(x1) + tan1(x) + tan1(x+1) = tan1(3x) (d) 3 cos1 x = sin1  1  x 2 (4 x 2  1) 

 
x1 2x  1 23
(e) tan1 + tan1 2 x  1 = tan1 (f) sin1x + sin1y = 2  & cos1x  cos1y = 
x1 36 3 3
2 2
1 a 1 b x2  1 2x
(g) 2 tan1x = cos1 1  a 2 cos1 1  b 2 (a>0, b>0). (h) cos1 2 + tan1 2 = 2
x 1 x 1 3

8. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 ( > ) then find the value of

3  1 1    3  1 1  
f (, ) = cosec  tan
2  + sec2  tan .
2 2  2 2  

9. Find the integral values of K for which the system of equations;

 2 K 2
 arc cos x  (arc sin y ) 
 4 possesses solutions & find those solutions.
4
(arc sin y) 2 . (arc cos x)  
 16
y 3
10. Find all the positive integral solutions of, tan1x + cos1 = sin1 .
1  y2 10

11. If X = cosec . tan1 . cos . cot1 . sec . sin1 a & Y = sec cot1 sin tan1 cosec cos1 a ;
where 0  a  1 . Find the relation between X & Y . Express them in terms of ‘a’.

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12. Column-I Column-II

 2 
(A) f (x) = sin–1   (P) f (x) is many one
 | sin x  1 |  | sin x  1 | 
(B) f (x) = cos–1( | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | ) (Q) Domain of f (x) is R
  
(C) f (x) = sin–1  1 1

 (R) Range contain only
 | sin x  (  2 ) |  | sin x  (  2 ) |  irrational number
(D) f (x) = cos(cos–1 | x |) + sin–1(sin x) – cosec–1(cosec x) + cosec–1|x| (S) f (x) is even.

1 7
13. Prove that the equation ,(sin1x)3 + (cos1x)3 = 3 has no roots for < and >
32 8

14. Solve the following inequalities :

(a) arc cot2 x  5 arc cot x + 6 > 0 (b) arc sin x > arc cos x (c) tan2 (arc sin x) > 1

15. Solve the following system of inequations

4 arc tan2x – 8arc tanx + 3 < 0 & 4 arc cotx – arc cot2 x – 3 > 0
16. If the total area between the curves f (x) = cos–1(sin x) and g (x) = sin–1(cos x) on the interval [– 7, 7]
is A, find the value of 49A. (Take  = 22/7)

10 10
m
17. If the sum   tan 1 n   k , find the value of k.
n 1 m 1

18. Show that the roots r, s, and t of the cubic x(x – 2)(3x – 7) = 2, are real and positive. Also compute
the value of tan–1(r) + tan–1(s) + tan–1(t).
  2x 2  4  
19. Solve for x : sin–1  sin 


 1  x 2   <  – 3.
  

20. Find the set of values of 'a' for which the equation 2 cos–1x = a + a2(cos–1x)–1 posses a solution.

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EXERCISE–III
5 2
1. If (tan–1 x)2 + (cot–1 x)2 = , then x equals :
8
(A) –1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
   2 3  
1  12 
2. The value of sin–1 cot  sin 1     cos    sec
1
2  is :
   4    4  
  
  
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
4 6 2

3. Statement-I The equation sec–1 x + cot–1 x < has no solution.
2

Statement-II sec x is not defined at
2
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true
4. Statement-I The equation sin–1 x = cos–1 x has one and only one solution.
Statement-II The equation tan–1 x = 1 has only one solution.
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true
5. Statement-I sin–1 sin x  sin sin–1 x, if –1  x  1.
Statement-II sin  and sin–1  are different functions.
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true
3
6. Statement-I The maximum value of sin–1 x + cosec–1 x + cos–1 x + sec–1 x + tan–1 x is .
2
 
Statement-II sin–1 x + cos–1 x = and sec–1 x + cosec–1 x =
2 2
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true

 xy   yz   xz 
7. If x2 + y2 + z2 = r2, then tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   =
 zr   xr   yr 

(A) (B) (C) 0 (D) None of these
2
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 1   1 
8. tan   cos 1 x  + tan   cos 1 x  , (x  0) is equal to
4 2  4 2 
2 1
(A) x (B) 2x (C) (D)
x x
xy  1 yz  1 zx  1
9. cot–1 + cot–1 + cot–1
xy yz zx
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) cot–1 x + cot–1 y + cot–1 z (D) None of these

10. sin cot–1 tan cos–1 x is always equal to

1
(A) x (B) 1  x 2 (C) (D) None of these
x

a(a  b  c) b(a  b  c) c(a  b  c)

11. tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 is equal to :
bc ca ab
(where a, b, c are positive real numbers)
(A) /4 (B) /2 (C)  (D) 0

12. If a1, a2, a3,....., an is an A.P. with common difference d, then

 d d d 
tan  tan 1  tan 1  ....  tan 1  equals :
 1  a1a 2 1  a 2a 3 1  a n 1a n 

(n  1)d (n  1)d nd (n  1)d

(A) (B) (C) (D)
a1  a n 1  a1a n 1  a1a n 1  a1a n

2 3 
13. Statement-I tan–1 + tan–1 
5 7 4
x  yx  
Statement-II tan–1   + tan–1    (x, y > 0)
y  yx 4
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true

14. If cos–1(x/a) + cos–1(y/b) = , Then x2/a2 + y2/b2 is equal to :

(A) (2xy/ab) cos  + sin2  (B) (2xy/ab) sin  + cos2 
(C) (2xy/ab) cos2  + sin  (D) (2xy/ab) sin2  + cos 
15. The number k is such that tanarc tan(2)  arc tan(20k ) = k. The sum of all possible values of k is
19 21 1
(A) – (B) – (C) 0 (D)
40 40 5

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16. The sum of the infinite terms of the series
 3  3  3
cot–1 12   + cot–1  22   + cot–1  32   + ..... is equal to
 4  4  4
(A) tan–1(1) (B) tan–1(2) (C) tan–1(3) (D) tan–1(4)

1 
17. The value of tan1  tan 2A + tan 1(cot A) + tan 1(cot3A) for 0 < A < (/4) is
2 
(A) 4 tan1 (1) (B) 2 tan1 (2) (C) 0 (D) none

 1  50  1  31  
18. The value of sec sin   sin   cos cos     is equal to
  9   9 
10 
(A) sec (B) sec (C) 1 (D) –1
9 9

19.  
1
 = sin 1 cos sin x    1
and  = cos 1 sin cos x  , then :
(A) tan  = cot  (B) tan  =  cot  (C) tan  = tan  (D) tan  =  tan 

20. Which one of the following statement is meaningless ?

  2e  4  
(A) cos–1  l n  –1    
(C) cot–1   (D) sec–1()
  (B) cosec  3 
  3    2

 2x 2  1 
21. Which of the following is the solution set of the equation 2 cos–1(x) = cot–1   ?
2
 2x 1  x 
(A) (0, 1) (B) (–1, 1) – {0} (C) (–1, 0) (D) [–1, 1]
1 4
22. If x = sin (2 tan–1 2), y = sin  tan 1  , then
2 3
(A) x = 1 – y (B) x2 = 1 – y (C) x2 = 1 + y (D) y2 = 1 – x
 1  7 2  
23. cos–1   cos  sin  is equal to
 2 5 5 
23 13 3 17
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 20 20 20
 x2 
24. There exists a positive real number x satisfying cos(tan–1 x) = x. The value of cos–1   is
 2 
  2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 5 5 5

25. The range of values of p for which the equation sin cos–1 cos(tan 1 x) = p has a solution is:

 1 1   1 
(A)   ,  (B) [0, 1) (C)  , 1 (D) (– 1, 1)
 2 2  2 

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5  12  
26. Number of value of x satisfying the equation sin–1   + sin–1    is
x x 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2

1 
27. The value of tan  cot 1 (3)  equals
 2 
1 1

(A) 3  10  
(B) 10  3  
(C) 3  10  
(D) 10  3 
28. Which of the following is the solution set of the equation sin–1 x = cos–1 x + sin–1 (3x – 2) ?
1  1  1  1 
(A)  ,1 (B)  ,1 (C)  ,1 (D)  ,1
2  2  3  3 

29. The solution of the equation 2 cos–1 x = sin–1(2x 1  x 2 )

 1 
(A) [–1, 0] (B) [0, 1] (C) [–1, 1] (D)  ,1
 2 

 1  x2 
30. The solution set of the equation sin–1 1  x 2 + cos–1x = cot–1   – sin–1x
 x 
(A) [–1, 1] – {0} (B) (0, 1] U {–1} (C) [–1, 0) U {1} (D) [–1, 1]
31. –1
The value of the angle tan (tan65° – 2 tan40°) in degrees is equal to
(A) – 20° (B) 20° (C) 25° (D) 40°

32. The function f(x) = cot–1 (x  3)x + cos–1 x 2  3x  1 is defined on the set S, where S =
(A) {0, 3} (B) (0, 3) (C) {0, –3} (D) [–3, 0]

33. The range of the function, f (x) = (1 + sec–1x) (1 + cos–1x) is

(A) (– ) (B) (– , 0]  [4, ) (C) {1, (1 + )2} (D) [0, (1 + )2]

1
34. If x = and (x + 1)(y + 1) = 2 then the radian measure of cot–1x + cot–1y is
2
   3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 4

35. Let cos–1(x) + cos–1(2x) + cos–1(3x) = . If x satisfies the cubic ax3 + bx2 + cx –1 = 0, then
a + b + c has the value equal to
(A) 24 (B) 25 (C) 26 (D) 27
1 1 1 1 a
36. If tan  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  is expressed as a rational in lowest form then (a + b)
 2 3 4 5 b
has the value equal to
(A) 19 (B) 27 (C) 38 (D) 45

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37. Let f(x) = ax + b where a > 0 and f is defined from [–1, 1] onto [0, 2] then the value of
cot(cot–1(1) + cot–1(2) + cot–1(3) ) equals
(A) f(–1) (B) f(0) (C) f(1) (D) f(1) – f(0)

38. Which one of the following quantities is negative ?

(A) cos(tan–1 (tan 4)) (B) sin(cot–1 (cot 4)) (C) tan(cos–1 (cos 5)) (D) cot(sin–1 (sin 4))

39. The product of all real values of x satisfying the equation

 2x 2  10 | x | 4   1  2  18 | x |   
sin–1cos  2  = cot  cot     is
 x  5 | x | 3    9 | x |  2
(A) 9 (B) –9 (C) –3 (D) –1
40. The least integral value of k for which (k – 2)x2 + 8x + k + 4 > sin–1(sin 12) + cos–1(cos 12) for all
x  R, is
(A) –7 (B) –5 (C) –3 (D) 5

41. If x = cos–1(cos 4) ; y = sin–1(sin 3) then which of the following holds ?

(A) x – y = 1 (B) x + y + 1 = 0 (C) x + 2y = 2 (D) tan(x + y) = – tan 7

42. Find the range of the function f(x) = cot–1 x + sec–1 + cosec–1 x.
  3    3   5 3 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,    , 
2 2  2 4   4 2 
    3      3 
(C)  ,     ,  (D)  ,     , 
2   2  2   2 
1
43. Domain of the function f(x) = is
l n cot 1 x
(A) (cot 1, ) (B) R – {cot 1}
(C) (–, 0) (0, cot 1) (D) (–, cot 1)

44. Let f(x) = a + b cos–1 x (b > 0). If domain and range of f(x) are the same set then (b – a) is equal to
1 2 2
(A) 1 – (B) + 1 (C) 1 – (D) 2
  
45. Let f(x) = sin x + cos x + tan x + arc sin x + arc cos x + arc tan x. If M and m are maximum and minimum
values of f(x) then their arithmetic mean is equal to
   
(A) + cos 1 (B) + sin 1 (C) + tan 1 + cos 1 (D) + tan 1 + sin 1
2 2 4 4

46. The values of x satisfying the inequality [tan–1 x]2 – [tan–1 x] – 2  0 where [] denote integral part, is
  1 
(A) [– tan 1, ) (B)  , tan 2  (C) [– tan 1, tan 2] (D) none of these
 4 
47. The complete set of values of ‘a’ such that the equation (tan–1 x)2 + a (tan–1 x) – cot–1 x = 0 has no real
solution is
    3     3    3 
(A)   ,  (B)   ,   (C)  ,  (D)   , 
 4 2  2 2 2 2   4 4

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1 3
48.  
If A = 2 tan–1 2 2  1 and B = 3 sin–1
3
+ sin–1 , then
5
7 7 7 7
(A) B < A < (B) < B <A (C) B < <A (D) <A< B
12 12 12 12

49. Statement-1 : cot–1(x) – tan–1(x) > 0 for all x < 1.

because
Statement-2 : Graph of cot–1(x) is always above the graph of tan–1(x) for all x < 1.
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true

50. Consider f(x) = sin–1(sec(tan–1 x)) + cos–1(cosec(cot–1 x))

Statement-1 : Domain of f(x) is a singleton.
because
Statement-2 : Range of the function f(x) is a singleton.
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is correct explanation for Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true

51. Let x1, x2, x3, x4 be four non zero numbers satisfying the equation
a b c d 
tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
x x x x 2
then which of the following relation(s) hold good ?
4 4 4
1
(A)  xi = a + b + c + d (B) x
i 1
=0 (C)  xi = abcd
i 1 i i 1
(D) (x1 + x2 + x3)(x2 + x3 + x4)(x3 + x4 + x1)(x4 + x1 + x2) = abcd

1   14   
52. The value of cos  cos 1  cos      is :
2   5  
 7    2   3 
(A) cos    (B) sin   (C) cos   (D) – cos  
 5   10   5   5 

53. For the equation 2x = tan(2 tan–1 a) + 2 tan(tan–1 a + tan–1 a3), which of the following is invalid ?
(A) a2x + 2a = x (B) a2 + 2ax + 1 = 0 (C) a  0 (D) a  –1, 1

54. Which of the following is/are correct ?

(A) cos(cos(cos–1 1)) < sin(sin–1(sin (– 1))) < sin(cos–1(cos (2 – 2)))
(B) cos(cos(cos–1 1)) < sin(cos–1(cos(– 2))) < sin(sin–1(sin( – 1))) < tan(cot–1(cot 1))
5000 2500
(C)  cos–1(cos(2t – 1)) =  cot–1(cot (t + 2 )) where t  I
t 1 t 1

(D) cot–1 cot cosec–1 cosec sec–1 sec tan tan–1 cos cos–1 sin–1 sin 4 = 4 – 

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55. 2tan(tan–1 (x) + tan–1(x3)) where x  R – {–1, 1} is equal to

2x
(A) (B) tan(2 tan–1 x)
1 x2
(C) tan(cot–1(–x) – cot–1(x)) (D) tan(2 cot–1 x)


56. If the equation sin–1(x2 + x + 1) + cos–1(ax + 1) = has exactly two distinct solutions then a can not
2
have the integral value
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2

  2 
57. Let f :   ,  — [0, 4] be a function defined as f(x) = 3 sin x – cos x + 2 then f–1(x) is given by
 3 3

 x2   x2 
(A) sin–1   (B) sin–1  
 2  6  2  6

2  x2   x2
(C) – cos–1   (D) – cos–1  
3  2  3  2 

[MATCH THE COLUMN]

Q.58 to Q.63 is “Match the Column” type. Column-I and column-II contains four entries each. Entry of
column-I are to be matched with one or more than one entries of column-II.
58. Column-I Column-II
(A) cot 1  tan  37   (P) 143°

(B) cos 1  cos  233   (Q) 127°

1  1  3
(C) sin  cos 1    (R)
2  9  4

1  1  2
(D) cos  arc cos    (S)
2  8  3

59. Column-I Column-II

(A) Number of integral values of x satisfying the equation (P) 0
tan–3(3x) + tan–1(5x) = tan–1(7x) + tan–1(2x), is
(B) Number of integral values of ‘x’ satisfying the euqation (Q) 1

| x 2  1|
= x, is
x2
(C) The equation (x – 2)4 – (x – 2) = 0 and x2 – kx + k = 0 (R) 2
have two roots in common, then the value of k is
(D) Minimum value of the function (S) 3
f(x) = (1 + sin x)(1 + cos x)  x  R, is

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60. Column-I Column-II

(A) The number of possible values of k if fundamental period of (P) 1
sin–1(sin kx) is /2 is
(B) Number of elements in the domain of (Q) 2
f(x) = tan–1x + sin–1x + sec–1x is
 x   x 
(C) Period of the function f(x) = sin   . cos   is (R) 3
 2   2 
(D) If the range of the function f(x) = cos–1[5x] is {a, b, c} (S) 4

and a + b + c = , then  is equal to
2
(where [.] denotes greatest integer)

61. Column-I Column-II

1 3
(A) If function f(x) is defined in [–2, 2], then domain of f(|x| + 1) is (P)  4 , 4 

sin 1 x  cos 1 x  tan 1 x

(B) Range of the function f(x) = is (Q) [–1, 1]

(C) Range of the function f(x) = 3 |sin x| – 4 |cos x| is (R) [–4, 3]
  
(D) Range of f(x) = (sin–1 x) sin x is (S) 0, 2 sin1

62. Column-I Column-II

(A) f(x) = eln[1 + {x}] (P) Range consists of only one natural
(B) g(x) = sin–1(sin x) (Q) Periodic
(C) h(x) = e–|x| (R) Domain is x (–, )
1
(D) k(x) = tan–1 [x]  [ x]  2  [x]  (S) Symmetric about y-axis
x2

x
63. Let : f : R  [), f(x) = x2 + 3ax + b, g(x) = sin–1 ( R).
4
Column-I Column-II
(A) The possible integral values of ‘a’ for which f(x) is many one in (P) –2
interval [–3, 5] is/are
(B) Let a = –1 and gof(x) is defined for x  [–1, 1] then possible (Q) –1
integral values of b can be
(C) Let a = 2,  = – 8 the value(s) of b for which f(x) is surjective is/are (R) 0
(D) If a = 1, b = 2, then integers in the range of fog(x) is/are (S) 1

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EXERCISE–IV
1   x 
1. The domain of sin  log 3    is [AIEEE 2002]
  3 
(A) [1, 9] (B) [–1, 9] (C) [–9, 1] (D) [–9, –1]

2. cot 1  cos    tan 1  cos    x , then sin x = [AIEEE 2002]

  

(A) tan 2   (B) cot 2   (C) tan  (D) cot  
2 2 2

3. The trigonometric equation sin–1 x = 2sin–1 a has a solution for [AIEEE 2003]
1 1 1 1
(A) | a |  (B) |a| (C) All real values of a (D) | a | 
2 2 2 2

2x
4. Let f : (–1, 1)  B, be a function defined by f (x)  tan 1 , then f is both one-one and onto when
1 x2
B is interval [AIEEE 2005]

         
(A)  0,  (B) 0,  (C)   ,  (D)   , 
 2  2  2 2  2 2
y
5. If cos 1 x  cos 1   , then 4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 [AIEEE 2005]
2
(A) 2 sin 2 (B) 4 (C) 4 sin2  (D) –4 sin2 

  x 
The largest interval lying in   ,  for which the function, f (x)  4 x  cos 1   1 log (cos x) , is
2
6.
 2 2 2 
defined, is [AIEEE 2007]
    
(A)   ,  (B) 0, 
 4 2  2
  
(C) [0, ] (D)   , 
 2 2

1  x  1  5  
7. If sin    cosec    , then the values of x is [AIEEE 2007]
5 4 2
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 3

 5 2
8. The value of cot  cosec 1  tan 1  is [AIEEE 2009]
 3 3
6 3
(A) (B)
17 17

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4 5
(C) (D)
17 17

9. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1 x, tan–1 y and tan–1 z are also in A.P., then [JEE-Main 2013]
(A) 6x = 4y = 3z (B) x = y = z (C) 2x = 3y = 6z (D) 6x = 3y = 2z

 2x  1
10. Let tan–1 y = tan–1 x + tan–1  2 
where |x| < . Then a value of y is [JEE-Main 2015]
1 x  3

3x  x 3 3x  x 3 3x  x 3 3x  x 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2

 2   3   3
11. If cos 1    cos 1     x   then x is equal to :
 3x   4x  2  4
[JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-1)]
145 145 146 145
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 10 12 11

12. If x = sin–1 (sin10) and y = cos–1 (cos10), then y – x is equal to:

[JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 10 (B) 7 (C) 0 (D)
 19  n 
13. The value of cot   cot 1 1   2p   is : [JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-2)]
 n 1 
  p 1  
19 23 22 21
(A) (B) (C) (D)
21 22 23 19

14. All x satisfying the inequality (cot–1x)2 – 7(cot–1x) + 10 > 0, lie in the interval :
[JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A)  ,cot 5    cot 4,cot 2 (B)  cot 5, cot 4 
(C)  ,cot 5    cot 2,   (D)  cot 2,  

15. Considering only the principal values of inverse functions, the set
 
A   x  0 : tan 1  2x   tan 1  3x    [JEE Main 2019 (12-01-2019-Shift-1)]
 4
(A) contains two elements (B) contains more then two elements
(C) is a singleton (D) is an empty set
 3 1 
16. If   cos 1   ,   tan 1   , where 0  ,   , then  is equal to :
5  3 2
[JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-1)]
 9   9 1  9   9 
(A) sin 1   (B) tan 1   (C) cos   (D) tan 1  
 5 10   14   5 10   5 10 

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y y
17. If cos-1 x-cos-1 =  , where  1  x  1,  2  y  2, x  , then for all x, y,, 4x24xy cos  + y2 is
2 2
equal to : [JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 2sin2  (B) 4sin2  2x2y2 (C) 4cos2  +2x2y2 (D) 4sin2 

 12  3
18. The value of sin 1    sin 1   is equal to : [JEE Main 2019 (12-04-2019-Shift-1)]
 13  5
 33   63   1  56   1  9 
(A)   cos1   (B)   sin 1   (C)  sin   (D)  cos  
 65   65  2  65  2  65 

 4 5 16 
19. 2   sin 1  sin 1  sin 1  is equal to: [JEE Main 2020 (03-09-2020-Shift-1)]
 5 13 65 
5 3 7 
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
4 2 4

1 1 1  1 

20. If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    .....,
3 7  13   21 
then tan(S) is equal to : [JEE Main 2020 (05-09-2020-Shift-1)]
5 5 6 10
(A) (B) (C)  (D)
11 6 5 11
 n  1 
21. lim tan  tan –1  2 
is equal to ____. [JEE Main 2021 (24-02-2021-Shift-1)]
n 
 r 1  1  r  r 

1 63 
22. A possible value of tan  sin –1  is : [JEE Main 2021 (24-02-2021-Shift-2)]
4 8 
1 1
(A) (B) 2 2 –1 (C) 7 –1 (D)
7 2 2

  4 
23. cosec  2 cot 1 (5)  cos 1    is equal to : [JEE Main 2021 (25-02-2021-Shift-2)]
  5 
56 65 65 75
(A) (B) (C) (D)
33 56 33 56
sin 1 x cos 1 x tan 1 y  c 
24. If   ;0  x  1 , then the value of cos   is :
a b c ab
[JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-1)]
1  y2 2 1  y2 1  y2
(A) (B) 1 – y (C) (D)
y y 1  y2 2y

25. If 0 < a, b < 1, and tan 1 a  tan 1 b  , then the value of
4

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 a 2  b 2   a 3  b3   a 4  b 4 
(a  b)       ... is : [JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-2)]
 2   3   4 
2 e
(A) log 2 (B) e – 1 (C) e (D) log e  
e
2
 k
6r
1 
26. Let Sk   tan  2r 1 2r 1  . Then lim Sk is equal to: [JEE Main 2021 (16-03-2021-Shift-1)]
r 1  2 3  k 

3  3
(A) tan 1   (B) (C) cot 1   (D) tan–1(3)
2 2 2
27. Given that the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values only. Then, the number of real values
 3x   4x 
of x which satisfy sin 1    sin 1    sin 1x is equal to:
 5   5 
[JEE Main 2021 (16-03-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 0

–1 –1 –1 –1 –1
28. If cot () = cot 2 + cot 8 + cot 18 + cot 32 + ..... upto 100 terms, then  is :
[JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) 1.01 (B) 1.00 (C) 1.02 (D) 1.03
 1  1  8 
29. The sum of possible values of x for tan 1 (x  1)  cot 1    tan   is :
 x 1   31 
[JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-1)]
32 31 30 33
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
4 4 4 4
 1  2
30. The number of solutions of the equation sin 1  x 2    cos 1  x 2    x 2 , for x  [–1, 1], and [x]
 3  3
denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is : [JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) Infinite

31. The number of real roots of the equation tan –1 x(x  1)  sin –1 x 2  x  1  is :
4
[JEE Main 2021 (20-07-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 2

  3  5 
32. The value of tan  2 tan 1    sin 1    is equal to : [JEE Main 2021 (20-07-2021-Shift-2)]
 5  13  
181 220 151 291
(A) (B) (C) (D)
69 21 63 76

cos –1 x 2 – x  1
33. If the domain of the function  x   is the interval (,], then  + is equal to:
–1 2x –1 
sin  
 2  [JEE Main 2021 (22-07-2021-Shift-2)]
3 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) 1
2 2

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  1 x  
34. Let f  x   cos  2 tan 1 sin  cot 1   , 0 < x < 1. Then:
  x  
 
[JEE Main 2021 (26-08-2021-Shift-1)]
2 2 2 2
(A) 1  x  f   x   2  f  x    0 (B) 1  x  f   x   2  f  x    0
2 2 2 2
(C) 1  x  f   x   2  f  x    0 (D) 1  x  f   x   2  f  x    0

50
1 1
35. If  tan  p , then the value of tan P is: [JEE Main 2021 (26-08-2021-Shift-2)]
r 1 2r 2
101 50 51
(A) (B) (C) 100 (D)
102 51 50
2 2
36. If  sin 1 x    cos 1 x   a ; 0 < x < 1, a  0 , then the value of 2x 2  1 is:
[JEE Main 2021 (27-08-2021-Shift-1)]
 4a   2a   2a   4a 
(A) cos   (B) sin   (C) cos   (D) sin  
           
37. Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum values of the function
 
f  x   tan 1  sin x  cos x  in 0,  . Then the value of tan  M  m  is equal to:
 2
[JEE Main 2021 (27-08-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 2  3 (B) 3  2 2 (C) 3  2 2 (D) 2  3

 3x 2  x  1 
1  x 1 
38. The domain of the function f  x   sin    cos 1   is:
  x  12   x 1 
 
[JEE Main 2021 (31-08-2021-Shift-2)]
 1 1 1 1 1  1
(A) 0,  (B)  ,   0 (C)  2, 0   ,  (D) 0, 
 2 4 2 4 2  4

39. cos 1  cos  5    sin 1  sin  6    tan 1  tan 12   is equal to:
[JEE Main 2021 (01-09-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 4  9 (B) 3  1 (C) 3  11 (D) 4  11

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EXERCISE–V
1. Using the principal values, express the following as a single angle :
 1  1 142
3 tan1   + 2 tan1   + sin1 . [REE '99, 6]
  2  5 65 5

ax bx
2. Solve, sin1 + sin1 = sin1x, where a2 + b2 = c2, c  0. [REE 2000(Mains), 3 out of 100]
c c

3. Solve the equation:


cos1  6x  cos 3 1

3x 2 
2
[REE 2001 (Mains), 3 out of 100]

x2  1
4. Prove that cos tan–1 sin cot –1 x = [JEE 2002 (mains) 5]
x2  2

5. The number of real solutions of tan1 x (x  1) + sin1 x 2  x  1 = is : [JEE'99,2 Out of 200]
2
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) infinite

 x2 x 3  4 6 
6. If sin–1  x    ........ + cos–1  x 2  x  x  ........ = for 0 < | x | < 2 then x equals to
 2 4   2 4  2
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) – 1/2 (D) – 1
[JEE 2001(screening)]

1 
7. Domain of f (x) = sin (2x )  is [JEE 2003]
6

 1 1  1 3
(A)   ,  (B)  , 
 2 2  4 4

 1 1  1 1
(C)  ,  (D)  , 
 4 4  4 2
8.  
If sin cot 1 ( x  1)  cos(tan 1 x ) , then x = [JEE 2004(screening)]

1 1
(A) – (B)
2 2
9
(C) 0 (D)
4

9. Let (x, y) be such that sin–1(ax) + cos–1(y) + cos–1(bxy) =
2
Match the statements in Column I with statements in Column II and indicate your answer by darkening
the appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS.
Column I Column II
(A) If a = 1 and b = 0, then (x, y) (P) lies on the circle x2 + y2 = 1
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, then (x, y) (Q) lies on (x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0
(C) If a = 1 and b = 2, then (x, y) (R) lies on y = x
(D) If a = 2 and b = 2, then (x, y) (S) lies on (4x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0 [JEE 2007, 6]
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10. If 0 < x < 1, then 1 x 2 [{x cos (cot–1 x) + sin (cot–1 x)}2 – 1]1/2 =
x
(A) (B) x (C) x 1 x 2 (D) 1 x 2 [JEE 2008, 3]
1 x2

 1  sin      d
11. Let f ()  sin  tan    , where     . Then the value of d(tan ) (f ()) is
  cos 2   4 4
[IIT-JEE 2011]
 23 1 
n

12. The value of cot   cot 1   2k   is [JEE (Advanced) 2013]
 n 1  k 1  
23 25 23 24
(A) (B) (C) (D)
25 23 24 23
13. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :
[JEE (Advanced) 2013]
List - I List - II
1/2
 1  cos(tan 1 y)  y sin(tan 1 y) 2 
  y 4
 takes value 1 5
(P)  y 2  cot(sin 1 y)  tan(sin 1 y)   (1)
    2 3
(Q) If cos x + cos y + cox z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z then (2) 2
xy
possible value of cos is
2
  1
(R) If cos   x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x (3)
4  2

 
= cos xsin 2x sec x + cos   x  cos 2x
4 
then possible value of sec x is

 1 2
 1
 
(S) If cot sin 1  x  sin tan x 6 , x  0 ,  (4) 1
then possible value of x is
Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2

14. Let f : [0, 4 ]  [0, ] be defined by f(x) = cos–1 (cos x). The number of points x  [0, 4] satisfying
10  x
the equation f (x)  is [JEE (Advanced) 2014]
10

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1  6  1  4 
15. If   3sin   and   3cos   , where the inverse trigonometric functions take only the principal
 11  9
values, then the correct option(s) is(are) [JEE (Advanced) 2015]
(A) cos  > 0 (B) sin  < 0 (C) cos( + ) > 0 (D) cos  < 0

16. The number of real solutions of the equation [JEE Adv. 2018]

   i
x   1
   x i  i
sin 1   x i1  x     =  cos          x  
 i1  2
 i 1  2    i1  2  i1 

 1 1
lying in the interval   ,  is.
 2 2

  
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin–1 x and cos–1 x assume value in   ,  and [0, ],
 2 2
respectively).

17. For any positive integer n, define fn : (0, )  R as [JEE Adv. 2018]

n  1 
fn(x) =  j1
tan 1   for all x  (0, ).
 1  (x  j)(x  j  1) 

  
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function tan–1 x assume values in   ,  )
 2 2
Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE ?
5
(A)  j1
tan 2  f j (0)   55

10
(B)  1  f ' (0)  sec  f (0)   10
j1 j
2
j

1
(C) For any fixed positive integer n, lim tan(fn(x)) =
x  n
(D) For any fixed positive integer n, lim sec2(fn(x)) = 1
x 

 x    x  
18. Let E1   x  R : x  1 and  0  and E 2   x  E1 : sin 1  log e    is a real number  .
 x 1     x 1   

 1   
 Hear, the inverse trigonometric function sin x assumes values is   2 , 2  

 x 
Let f : E1  R be the function defined by f (x)  log e   [JEE Adv. 2018]
 x 1 
 x 
and g : E2  R be the function defined by g(x)  sin 1  log e 
 x 1 

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) I.T.F.
List-I List-II
 1   e 
P. The range of f is 1.  ,   ,
 1 e   e 1 
Q. The range of g contains 2. (0, 1)
 1 1
R. The domain of f contains 3.   2 , 2 
S. the domain of g is 4. (–,0)  (0, )
 e 
5.  ,
 e  1 

1 e 
6. (, 0)   ,
 2 e  1 
The correct option is :
(A) P  4; Q  2; R  1; S  1
(B) P  3; Q  3; R  6; S  5
(C) P  4; Q  2; R  1; S  6
(D) P  4; Q  3; R  6; S  5

19. The value of

 1 10  7  k   7  (k  1)     3 
sec1   sec    sec      4 , 4  equals
 4 k 0  12 2   12 2   in the interval  
[JEE (Adv.) 2019]
20. For any positive integer n, let Sn : (0, )   be defined by

n
 1  k(k  1)x 2 
Sn (x)   cot 1  
k 1  x 

1   
where for any x   , cot–1x  (0, ) and tan (x)    ,  . Then which of the following statements is
 2 2
(are) TRUE ? [JEE Advance 2021 (Paper 1)]

2
 1  1  11x 
(A) S10 (x)   tan   , for all x > 0
2  10x 

(B) nlim cot  Sn (x)   x, for all x > 0




(C) The equation S3 (x)  has a root in (0, )
4

1
(D) tan  Sn (x)   , for all n  1 and x > 0
2

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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) I.T.F.

ANSWER KEY
CONCEPT BUILDING EXERCISE-1
3  24 2
1. (i) (ii) (iii)  (vi) 
2 3 25 7
 13
(v) (vi)  (vii) (viii) 15
10 15
2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A
7. B 8. A 9. B
CONCEPT BUILDING EXERCISE-2
1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. D
6. B 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. A
CONCEPT BUILDING EXERCISE-3
1. C 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B
6. D 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. 10
EXERCISE–I
1 5 4 17 1  2
1. 5 2. (a) (i) , (ii) , (iii) , (iv) ; (b) (i) , (ii) 1, (iii)  , (iv)
3 6 5 6 2 4 4
3. (i) 1/3  x  1 (ii) {1, 1} (iii) 1 < x < 4 (iv) [– (1 + 2 ), ( 2 , – 1)]
(v) x (1/2 , 1/2), x  0 --+*(vi) (3/2 , 2]

(vii) {7/3, 25/9} (viii) (2, 2)  {1, 0, 1} (ix) {xx = 2n  + , n  I}
6
4. (a), (b), (c) and (d) all are identical.
5. (i) D : x R R : [/4 , )
     2 
(ii) D: x   n, n   x x  n   n  I; R :  ,    
 2  4 3 3  2

    
(iii) D: xR R : 0 ,  (iv) D: xR R :  , 
 2  2 4
6. 57 7. 53 8. 56 9. /2
11  1
12.  13. k= 15. (a) ; (b) tan–1x
4 3 2
1 17
17. (a) (–, sec 2)  [1, ) 18. 19. (A) P; (B) Q ; (C) P ; (D) S
2
EXERCISE–II
9 9
4.   6 cos–1x –
, so a = 6, b = –
5.
2 2
2n  5   
6. (a) arc cot   , (b) , (c) arc tan (x + n)  arc tan x, (d) , (e)
 n  4 4 2
1 3 1 1  3  4 1 ab
7. (a) x = ; (b) x = 3; (c) x = 0, ,  ; (d)  , 1 ; (e) x = ; (f) x = , y = 1; (g) x =
2 7 2 2  2  3 2 1  ab

(h) x = 2  3 or 3
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) I.T.F.
8. (2 + 2) (+ )
2 2
9. K = 2 ; cos ,1 & cos , 1 10. x=1;y=2 & x=2; y=7
4 4
11. X = Y= 3  a 2 12. (A) P, Q, R, S; (B) P, Q; (C) P, R, S; (D) P, R, S

2  2   2
14. (a) (cot 2 , )  (, cot 3) (b) ,1 (c)  , 1    1 ,  
2  2   2 

 1  3
15.  tan , cot 1 16. 3388 17. k = 25 18.
 2  4
19. x  (–1, 1) 20. a  [– 2, ] – {0}

EXERCISE–III
1. A 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. D
6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. D
11. C 12. B 13. A 14. A 15. A
16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. A
21. A 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. B
26. B 27. A 28. A 29. D 30. C
31. C 32. C 33. C 34. D 35. C
36. A 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. D
41. D 42. B 43. D 44. B 45. A
46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. B
51. B,C,D 52. B,C,D 53. B,C 54. A,C,D
55. A,B,C 56. A,C,D 57. B,C
58. (A)  Q (B)  Q (C)  S (D)  R
59. (A)  Q (B)  P (C)  S (D)  P
60. (A)  Q (B)  Q (C)  Q (D)  R
61. (A)  Q (B)  P (C)  R (D)  S
62. (A)  P,Q,R,S(B)  P,Q,R (C)  P,R,S (D)  P,S
63. (A)  P,Q,R,S(B)  P,Q,R (C)  S (D)  R,S

EXERCISE–IV
1. A 2. A 3. None 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D
8. A 9. B 10. B 11. A 12. D 13. D 14. D
15. C 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. B 21. 1
22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. A
29. A 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B
36. B 37. B 38. B 39. D

EXERCISE–V
1.  2. x { 1, 0, 1} 3. x = 1/3 5. C 6. B 7. D
8. A 9. (A) P; (B) Q; (C) P; (D) S 10. C 11. 1 12. B
13. B 14. 3 15. B,C,D 16. 2 17. D 18. A
19. 0.00 20. A,B
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) I.T.F.

REVISION PLANNER FOR MAINS

CONCEPT BUILDING 01 :
6.
CONCEPT BUILDING 02 :
9.
CONCEPT BUILDING 03 :
4.
EXERCISE–I
3. (ii) 4. 8. 10. 12 15. (a)
EXERCISE–II
1. (a) 6. (c) 13. 17. 23.
EXERCISE–III
1. 16. 30. 48. 65.
EXERCISE–IV
5. 11. 13. 17.
EXERCISE–V
6.
REVISION PLANNER FOR ADVANCED
CONCEPT BUILDING 03 :
3. 6.
EXERCISE–I
4. 5. (iii) 8. 9. 13. 17. (b)
18.
EXERCISE–II
4. 6. (a), (e) 7. (c) 19.
EXERCISE–III
6. 39. 51. 54. 57.
EXERCISE–IV
2. 15.
EXERCISE–V
1. 3.

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 CONCEPT BUILDING

EXERCISE-1
1. Find value of :
  17  
(i) sin cot 1  cot 
  3  
    
Sol. sin  cot 1  cot  6    
   3 
       1 
 sin  cot 1  cot       sin  cot 1   
   3    3 
  1 
 sin    cot 1  
  3 
 1  3
 sin   2
 3

(ii) sin–1(sin(–600°))
Sol. sin 1   sin 600   sin 1 (sin(720  120))
 3 
 sin 1 sin(120)  sin 1   
 2  3

  3 
(iii) sin  2cos 1    
  5 
  3     3 
Sol. sin  2cos 1     sin  2    cos 1    
  5     5 
  3  3
  sin  2cos 1    ; Put cos 1    
  5  5
3
  sin 2  cos   ;  Ist quad.
5
 2sin  cos 
4 3 24
 2    
5 5 25

 5 
(iv) tan–1tan  
 7 
 5    2  
Sol. tan–1tan    tan 1  tan     
 7    7 
 2  2
 tan 1   tan 
 7  7

112
  33 
(v) sin–1  cos 
 5 
 33  1   3  
Sol. sin–1  cos   sin  cos  6   
 5    5 
 3 
 sin 1  cos 
 5 
  3   3 
  cos 1  cos    
2  5  2 5 10

 2   2 
(vi) cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin 
 3   3 
 2   2 
Sol. cos–1  cos  + sin–1  sin 
 3   3 
2  3  2 
  sin 1     
3  2  3 3

  17  
(vii) cos–1 cos     
  15  
  17    17 
Sol. cos–1 cos       cos 1  cos 
  15    15 
  2    2 
 cos 1  cos       cos 1   cos 
  15    15 
 2 
   cos 1  cos 
 15 
2 13
  
15 15

(viii) sec2(tan–1 2) + cosec2(cot–1 3)

Sol. sec2(tan–1 2) + cosec2(cot–1 3)
Put tan 1 2   & cot 1 3  
 tan   2 &cot   3
 sec2   cos ec2
2
 5   10 
       15
 1   1 

2. If cos–1(a) + cos–1(b) + cos–1(c) = 3 and f(1) = 2, f(x + y) = f(x) f(y) for all x, y ;
(a  b  c)
then a2f(1) + b2f(2) + c2f(3) + 2f (1) is equal to :
a  b2f (2)  c2f (3)
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Ans. (C)
Sol. cos1 a  cos1 b  cos1 c  3
only possible when a  b  c  1
And, f (1)  2,f (x  y)  f (x)  f (y)

113
 Put x  y  1  f (2)  f (1)  f (1)  4
Put x  y  2  f (3)  f (1)  f (2)  8
a bc
 a 2f (1)  b2f (2)  c2f (3)  2f (1)
a  b2f (2)  c2f (3)
3
 (1)2  (1)8  (1)16 
(1)  (1)8  (1)16
2

3
 3   2 Ans.
3

3. If sin–1 x + tan–1 x = y(–1 < x < 1), then which is not possible :
3  
(A) y = (B) y = 0 (C) y = (D) y = –
2 2 2
Ans. (A)
Sol. sin–1 x + tan–1 x = y; –1 < x < 1
  
For x  (1,1),sin 1 x    , 
 2 2
  
& tan 1 x    , 
 4 4
3
 y can not be
2
 25 
4. If 3 cos–1  x 2  7x   = , then x =
 2 
(A) only 3 (B) only 4 (C) 3 or 4 (D) None of these
Ans. (C)
 25 
Sol. 3cos 1  x 2  7x    
 2 
 25  
 cos 1  x 2  7x   
 2  3
25  1
 x 2  7x   cos 
2 3 2
 x  3, 4

 1  1
5. The value of sin2  cos 1  + cos2  sin 1  is :
 2  3
17 59 36
(A) (B) (C) (D) None
36 36 59
Ans. (B)
 1  1 1
Sol. sin2  cos 1  + cos2  sin 1  ; put sin 1  
 2  3 3
 1
 sin 2    cos 2   sin 
3 3
3 8 59
   Ans.
4 9 36

114
 20 20
6. If i 1
sin–1xi = 10 then 
i 1
xi is equal to

(A) 20 (B) 10 (C) 0 (D) None of these

Ans. (A)
20
Sol. 
i 1
sin–1xi = 10


 sin 1 x1  sin 1 x 2  ....  sin 1 x 20  20 
2
Only possible when x1  x 2  ....  x n  1
20
  x i  x1  x 2  ....  x 20
i 1

 1  1  ...  1  20 Ans.
1
7. If x + = 2, the principal value of sin–1 x is :
x
  3
(A) (B) (C)  (D)
4 2 2
Ans. (B)
1
Sol. x+ = 2  x 2  2x  1  0
x
 (x  1)2  0  x  1

 sin 1  sin 1 (1)  Ans.
2
23  39
8. sin–1 sin + cos–1 cos
7 7
 2 3 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 7 7 7

Ans. (A)
 23  1  39 
Sol. sin 1  sin   cos  cos 
 7   7 
  2     4  
 sin 1  sin  3     cos 1  cos  5   
  7    7 
  2    4 
 sin 1   sin     cos 1   cos 
  7   7 
 2   4 
  sin 1  sin     cos 1  cos 
 7   7 
2 4 
    Ans.
7 7 7

1  cos x
9. cos–1 ; 0 < x <  is :
2
x
(A) x (B) (C) 2x (D) None of these
2

115
Ans. (B)
1  cos x  x 
Sol. cos 1  cos 1  cos  ; x  (0, )
2  2 

 x x
 cos 1  cos   Ans.
 2 2

CONCEPT BUILDING

EXERCISE-2

1. sec(cosec–1 x) is equal to : (where |x|  1)

(A) cosec(sec–1 x) (B) 1/x
(C)  (D) Depends on sign of x
Ans. (A)
Sol. sec(cosec–1 x)
 

 sec   sec1 x   cos ec sec1 x
2 


2. If sin–1 x – cos–1 x = , then x is :
6
1 3 1
(A) (B) (C)  (D) None of these
2 2 2
Ans. (B)

Sol. sin 1 x  cos 1 x 
6
  
 sin 1 x    sin 1 x  
2  6
  2 
 2sin 1 x     sin 1 x 
6 2 3 3
3
x
2
3. Solution of equation tan(cos1 x)  sin(cot 1 1/ 2) is :
7 5 3 5
(A) x = (B) x = (C) x = (D) None of these
3 3 2
Ans. (B)
1
Sol. tan(cos1 x)  sin(cot 1 1/ 2) ; Put cot 1 
2
2 1
 tan(cos1 x)  sin    cot  
5 2
 2  2
 cos 1 x  tan 1   ; Put tan 1 
 5 5
 5
 cos 1 x  cos 1  
 3 

116
 5
 x
3
1 1
4. sin–1 x + sin–1 + cos–1 x + cos–1 =
x x
 3
(A)  (B) (C) (D) None of these
2 2
Ans. (A)
1 1
Sol. sin 1 x  sin 1  cos 1 x  cos 1
x x
 1  
  sin 1 x  cos 1 x    sin 1  cos1     
1
 x x 2 2

5. If x > 0, sin–1(2 + x) + cos–1(2 + x)

  
(A) 2 + (B) (C) x + (D) None of these
2 2 2
Ans. (D)
Sol. x0
 2  x [1,1]
 Both sin 1  2  x  & cos1  2  x  are not defined.
2
6. If sin–1 x + sin–1 y = , then cos–1 x + cos–1 y =
3
2  
(A) (B) (C) (D) 
3 3 6
Ans. (B)
2
Sol. sin 1 x  sin 1 y 
3
  2
  cos 1 x   cos 1 y 
2 2 3

 cos 1 x  cos 1 y 
3
 4  2 
7. The value of tan cos 1    sin 1    is :
 5  13  
7 17 6 16
(A) (B) (C) (D)
16 6 17 7
Ans. (B)
4  2 
Sol. Put cos 1     & sin 1  
5  13 
4 2
cos   & sin  
5 13
 4  2 
 tan cos 1    sin 1     tan     
 5  13  

117
 3 2

tan   tan 
  4 3
1  tan   tan  1  3  2
4 3
17

6

8. The value of cos[tan–1 tan 2] is :

1 1
(A) (B)  (C) cos 2 (D) – cos 2
5 5
Ans. (D)
Sol. 
cos tan 1  tan 2  
 cos  2   
 cos(  2)   cos 2

9. cos[tan–1{sin(cot–1 x)}] is equal to :

x2  2 x2  2 x2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
x2  3 x2 1 x2  2
Ans. (C)
Sol.  
cos tan 1 sin  cot 1 x   ; Put cot 1 x  ;  (0, )

 cos  tan 1  sin    cot   x

  1    1     
 cos  tan 1    Put  tan 1     ;    , 
   2 2
  x 1     x 1  
2 2

1
 tan  
x2 1
x2 1
 cos  
x2  2
10. If a  tan–1 x + cot–1 x + sin–1 x  b. Then :

(A) maximum a = 0, minimum b =  (B) b =
2


(C) a = (D) None of these
4
Ans. (A)
Sol. tan 1 x  cot 1 x  sin 1 x ; Domain :- x [1,1]


  sin 1 x
2
   
  ,  
2 2 2 2
  0, 

118
 CONCEPT BUILDING

EXERCISE-3

1. tan–1 n + cot–1(n + 1) is equal to (n > 0) :

(A) cot–1(n2 + n + 1) (B) cot–1(n2 – n + 1) (C) tan–1(n2 + n + 1) (D) None of these
Ans. (C)
Sol. tan–1 n + cot–1(n + 1)
 1 
 tan 1 n  tan 1  
 n 1 
 1 
 n
 tan 1  n  1   tan 1 (n 2  n  1)
1 
n  
 n 1 

2. If sin–1(sin x) = – x then x belongs to :

  3 
(A) R (B) [0, ] (C)  ,  (D) [, 2]
2 2 
Ans. (C)
  3 
Sol. sin 1  sin x     x  x   , 
2 2 
1 1
3. If x = 3tan–1   + 2 tan–1   then,
2 5
   3 
(A) <x< (B) < x <  (C) < x < (D) 0 < x <
4 2 2 2 4
Ans. (B)
1  1 1
Sol. x  tan 1  2  tan 1  tan 1 
2  2 5
 1 1 
1  1  1
 25 
 tan    2 tan  
2  1 1  1 
 2 5
1 7 1 7 7
 tan 1    2 tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1  
2 9  2 9 9
1  63   142    
 tan 1    tan 1      tan 1    , 
2  16   31   2 
 1  9 9  
4. The principal value of cos–1   cos  sin   is :
 2 10 10  
3 7 7 17 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 20 10 20
Ans. (D)
 1 9 1 9 
Sol. cos 1   cos   sin 
 2 10 2 10 

119
    9     23  
 cos 1  cos      cos 1  cos  
  4 10     20  
23 17
 2  
20 20

ab bc
5. tan–1 + tan–1 =
1  ab 1  bc
(A) tan–1 a – tan–1 b (B) tan–1 a – tan–1 c (C) tan–1 b – tan–1 c (D) tan–1 c – tan–1 a
Ans. (B)
a b bc
Sol. tan 1  tan 1
1  ab 1  bc
 tan a  tan b  tan 1 b  tan 1 c
1 1

 tan 1 a  tan1 c

6. If tan–1 2x + tan–1 3x = then x =
4
1 1 1
(A) –1 (B) (C) –1, (D)
6 6 6
Ans. (D)

Sol. tan 1 2x  tan 1 3x 
4
 5x   5x 
 tan 1  2 
   tan  1
 1  6x  4 1  6x
2
4
 6x  5x  1  0
2

1
 x  , 1
6 Put in given equation
 
7. If cos x > sin–1 x, then :
–1

1 1
(A) x < 0 (B) –1 < x < 0 (C) 0  x < (D) –1  x <
2 2
Ans. (D)
Sol. cos–1 x > sin–1 x

  sin 1 x  sin 1 x; x  [1,1]
2

 sin 1 x 
4
1
x & x  [1,1]
2
 1 
 x   1, 
 2

8. sin–1 sin 15 + cos–1 cos 20 + tan–1 tan 25 =

(A) 19 – 60 (B) 30 – 9 (C) 19 – 60 (D) 60 – 19

Ans. (B)
Sol. sin 1  sin15  cos1  cos 20   tan 1  tan 25

120
  sin 1  sin  5  15   cos1  cos  20  6   tan 1  tan  25  8 
 5 15  20  6  25  8
 30  9

1  5 
9. tan  cos 1    =
 2  3  
3 5 3 5 2 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 3 5 3 5
Ans. (A)
1  5  5
Sol. tan  cos 1  
  ; Put cos 1
 ;  Ist quard
2 
  3  3


1  tan 2
 5 2
 tan    cos   
2 3 1  tan 2 
2

3 5  3 5
  tan 2 
2 2 3 5

10. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 + 5x – 49 = 0 then find the value of

cot(cot–1  + cot–1 ).

Ans. (10)
Sol.


x +5x – 49 = 0
2


  49  0  One root is + ve & other is –ve

    5

Let   r

 cot  cot 1   cot 1 

 cot  cot 1 (r)  cot 1  

 1  1
 cot    cot 1 r  cot 1    cot    tan 1    tan 1   
   r 

121
   1 1 
    r 
 cot    tan 
1

  1 1  1  
   r 
  

  r    1       

 cot    tan 1     cot    tan      
  r  1        1   

  5   1  1  
 cot    tan 1     cot    tan   
  49  1     10  
  1 
 cot  tan 1     cot  cot 1 (10) 
  10  

= 10

122
 Exercise-1
1. Given is a partial graph of an even periodic function f whose period
is 8. If [*] denotes greatest integer function then find the value of the expression.
  7 
f (–3) + 2 | f (–1) | + f    + f (0) + arc cos  f (2)  + f (–7) + f (20)
  8 

Ans. (5)
Sol.

  7 
From graph, f (–3) = 2, f (3)  3 , f    = – 3, f (0) = 0
  8 
f(– 2) = 1, f(– 7) = f(7) = f(8 – 1) = f(– 1) = – 3
f(20) = f(2 × 8 + 4) = f(4) = 3
= 5 Ans.

123
2. (a) Find the following
 1  1    7
(i) tan cos 1  tan 1   (ii) cos1  cos 
 2  3   6 
 3  3 3
(iii) cos  tan 1  (iv) tan  sin 1  cot 1 
 4  5 2
(b) Find the following :
   3     3  
(i) sin   sin 1    (ii) cos cos 1    
 2  2     2  6 
 3  1 63 
(iii) tan1  tan  (iv) sin  arc sin 
 4  4 8 

 1  1  
Sol. (a)(i) tan cos 1    tan 1  
 2  3 
   1
 tan     tan 
3 6 6 3
1  7 
(ii) cos  cos 
 6 
7 5
  2 
6 6
0 y = – x + 2

0 00 0 2
0

 3 3
(iii) cos  tan 1  : Put tan–1 = Ist quadrant
 4 4
4 3
 cos   tan  
5 4

0 5
0 3

0 
0 4
3 3
(iv) Put sin–1   & cot–1  
5 2
3 3
 sin   & cot  =
2 2
 3 3 
 tan  sin 1  cot 1   tan(  )
 5 2
tan   tan  3 / 4  2 / 3 17
  
1  tan  tan  1  3 / 4  2 / 3 6

124
    3   
(b) (i) sin   sin 1  
  sin   
2 2 2 3
  
 1
cos 
3 2
  3    
(ii) cos  cos 1      cos     
  6 6
  2  6
= cos  – 1
1  3  1 
(iii) tan  tan   tan (1) 
 4  4
1 63   63 
(iv) sin  arc sin  ; Put sin 1      I quadrant
st
4 8  
  8 
 63
= sin    sin  
4 8

0 8
0

0 
0 1
1
 cos    2cos 2  / 2  1
8
 cos2  / 2  9 /16
 3 
   cos   1  2sin 2
2 4 4
 1
 sin 2 = 
4 2 2
1 63   1
 sin  sin 1   sin   
4 8  2 2 2


3. Find the domain of definition the following functions.
( Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions
respectively.)
2x
(i) f(x) = arc cos
1 x
 2x  x
Sol. (i) f(x) = arc cos   ; Domain : - – 1  1
1  x  1 x
2x 2x
  1  0 and –1  0
1 x 1 x
3x  1 x 1
  0 and  0 
1 x x 1
1
  x or x < – 1 and – 1 < x 1
3

125
 1
 x or x < – 1 and – 1< x  1
3
 1 
 x   ,1 Ans
3 

1 x2
(ii) f (x) = cos (sin x)  sin 1
2x
1 x2
Sol. Domain : - cos (sin x)  0 and 1  1
2x
 x  R and x  {– 1, 1}
 x  {– 1, 1} Ans.

 x 3
(iii) f (x) = sin 1    log10 (4  x)
 2 
x 3
Sol. Domain : - Domain 1   1 and 4 – x > 0
2
 1  x  5 and x < 4
 x  [1, 4) Ans.

(iv) f (x) = sin–1(2x + x2)

Sol. Domin : - – 1 x2 + 2x  1
 x2 + 2x + 1  0 and x2 + 2x – 1  0
 (x + 1)2 > 0 and (x  1  2)(x  1  2)  0
 xR and x  [1  2, –1  2]
 x  [1  2, –1  2] Ans.

1  sin x
(v) f(x) =  cos 1 (1  {x}) , where {x} is the fractional part of x .
log5 (1  4x )
2

1  sin x  0  –1  1 – {x}  1

Sol. 1 – 4x 2  0   0  {x}  2

log5 (1  4 x 2 )  0   x  R ....(i)
 xR 
 sin x  1  
  1 1    1 1 
  (2 x  1) (2 x  1)  0    x   ,     x   ,  – {0} ....(ii)
  2 2   2 2
 1 – 4x 2  1  x0 


 1 1 
(i)  (ii)  x   ,  –{0} Ans.
 2 2

126
  3  2x 
3  x  cos 1    log 6  2 x  3  sin  log 2 x 
1
(vi) f (x) =
 5 
Sol. Domain : -
3– x  0  
3  2x   x  0 
–1   1 
5   –1  x  4 
  3 
2 | x | –3  0    x  3 / 2 or x  – 3 / 2    x   , 2 
  2 
x0 x0
 
–1  log 2 x  1  1 
  x2
2 
 3 
(vii) f (x) = log10 (1  log7 (x2  5 x + 13)) + cos1 
 2  sin 9  x 
 2 



x 2  5x  3  0   x  R { D  0} 
 
Sol. 1  log 7 (x 2  5 x  13)  0    x 2  5x  6  0  x  (2,3) 
3  x  (2,3) 
1   
9x 
2  sin
2 

9x 9x
   2  sin   3 and 2  sin 3
2 2
9x 9x
 sin  – 5 and sin 1
2 2
9x 9x 
x R and sin 1  = (4 n  1) ; n  I
2 2 2
 4n  1 
x=  ; nI
 9 
 x = ……1/9, 5/9, 1, 13/9, 17/9,21/3,25/9,27/9,31/9……
21 25
 Volume of x lies in [2, 3) are ,
9 9
 21 25   7 25 
 x   ,   x   ,  Ans.
9 9 3 9 

sin 1  x2 
(viii) f(x) = e
x 
 tan 1  1  n
2 
 x  [x] 
Sol. Domain : -
x 
–1   1 
2  x  [2, 2]
 
x   
 2  1  R    x  R    x  (–2, 2) – {–1, 0,1} Ans.
  {x}  0  x  R – I 
x – [x]  0 


127
 1  2sin x  1 
sin (cos x) + ln ( 2 cos2 x + 3 cos x + 1) + ecos 
 2 2sin x 
(ix) f(x) =
 
Sol. Domains : -
2sin x  1
–1   1 and sin x > 0
2 2sin x
sin x 1
   –1   1
2 2 2 sin x
sin x 1
 sin x > 0    1 (By AM GM)
2 2 2 sin x
1  2sin x  1  sinx 1
 ecos   defined only when  1
 2 2sin x  2 2 2 sin x
1
 sinx =  x = 2n + /6 ; n  I
2
Now, for x = 2np + /6,
sin (cos x) > 0 and – 2cos2x + 3 cos x + 1 > 0
 Domain is x  {2n + /6 ; n  I} Ans.

4. Identify the pair(s) of functions which are identical. Also plot the graphs in each case.
1  x2 1
(a) y = tan (cos 1 x); y= (b) y = tan (cot 1 x) ; y =
x x
x
(c) y = sin (arc tan x); y = (d) y = cos (arc tan x) ; y = sin (arc cot x)
1  x2
1  x2
Sol. (a) y = tan (cos 1 x) and y =
x
  1 x2 
 1
  and Domain : - 1  x 
2
0
 y  tan  tan   
  x  x0 
1 x2
 
x
Domain : - x  [– 1, 1] – {0}  x  [– 1, 1] – {0}
 Identical function
1
(b) y = tan(cot–1x) and y =
x

y = tan(tan–1(1/x)) Domain : - x  R – {0}

1
y
x
Domain :- x  R – {0}
 Identical function

128
 x
(c) y = sin (tan–1x) and y 
1 x2
  x 
 y  sin  sin 1    and Domain : - x  R
 2 
  1 x  
x
 y ; Domain : x  R
1 x2
 Identical function
(d) y = cos(tan–1x) and y = sin(cot–1x)
Domain : - x  R Domain : - x  R
 1   1 
 y  cos  cos 1  y  sin  sin 1 
 1 x2   1 x2 
1 1
 y
1 x2 1 x2
 Identical function.

5. Find the domain and range of the following functions .

(Read the symbols [*] and {*} as greatest integers and fractional part functions
respectively.)
(i) f (x) = cot1(2x  x²) (ii) f (x) = sec1 (log3 tan x + logtan x 3)
 2 x2  1   
(iii) f(x) = cos1  2
 x 1 
 
(iv) f (x) = tan 1  log 4 5x 2  8x  4
  
   5 
Sol. (i) f(x) = cot–1(2x – x2) (2x – x2) : Domain : -x R
f (x)  cot 1 (1  (x  1)2 )
(–  , 1]

 Range :- f(x)  [/4, ) Ans.


(ii) f (x)  sec1 log3 tan x  log3tan x 
Domain : -
tan x  0  x  {n , n   / 2} ; n  I 
tan x   x  n   / 4 ; n  I 

log3 tan x  log tan x 3  1 or l log 3 tan x  log tan x 3  1 
1 1 
 log3 tan x   1 or log3 tan x    1
log 3 tan x log3 tan x 
Put log3tan x = t
1 1
 t   1 or t    1
t t
t  t 1
2
t2  t 1
  0 or 0
t t
1 1
  0 or  0
t t
 t  R – {0}
 log3 tan x  R –{tan x 1}

129
 π  
 Domain : - x  {n, n  }– n    ; n  I
2  4
Now, for Range : -
1
1  1  Put log3  t
tan x
Let y  sec  log3 
tan x
 ; log log x
3
 log3tan x 
y = sec–1(t) ; t  2 or t  – 2

0 2/3
0 0 /2 /3

0 –2
0 –1 0 0 2

 y    / 3, 2 / 3  { / 2}
 2x 2  1 
1
(iii) f (x)  cos  2 
 x 1 
 
2x 2  1
Domain : - 1  1  xR
x2 1
 2x 2  1 
Now, f (x)  cos 1  2 
 x 1 
 
2x 2  1
y  cos1 t ; –1  t  1 & t =
x2 1
–1
 y = cot t ; – 1  t 1 & t  (0, 1]
 y = cos-1t ; 0 < t 1
  Range = [0, /2)
(iv) 
f (x)  tan 1 log 4/5 (5 x 2  8 x  4) 
4 
Domain : - 5x 2  8x  4  0  x  R  , 
D0 5 
Now,

Let y = tan–1t ; t  R & t = log 4/5 5x 2  8x  4 
 [4/5,  )

y = tan t ; t  R & t  (– , 1]
-1

 y = tan-1t ; t  (– , 1]
 Range = (– /2, /4)

130
6. Let l1 be the line 4x + 3y = 3 and l2 be the line y = 8x. L1 is the line formed by reflecting
l1 across the line y = x and L2 is the line formed by reflecting l2 across the x-axis. If 
is the acute angle between L1 and L2 such that tan  = a/b , where a and b are coprime then
find (a + b).
Ans. (57)
Sol. 1 : 4x + 3y = 3
3  3y
 x  f 1 (y)
4
3  3x 3  3x
 f 1 (x)   y
4 4
 L1 : 3x + 4y = 3  m1 = – 3/4

Now, 2 : y = 8x
 L2 is the line formed by reflecting 2 across
x-axis,
L2 : y = 1/8x  m2 = 1/8
 ACute angle bewteen lines L1 & L2 is
m  m2 – 3 / 4  1/ 8 28 a
tan   1   
1  m1m2 1  3 / 4  1/ 8 29 b
 a + b = 28 + 29 = 57 Ans.

7. Let y = sin–1 (sin 8) – tan–1 (tan 10) + cos–1 (cos 12) – sec–1 (sec 9)
+ cot–1 (cot 6) – cosec–1(cosec 7).
If y simplifies to a + b then find (a – b).
Ans. (53)
Sol. y = sin–1 (sin 8) – tan–1 (tan 10) + cos–1 (cos 12) – sec–1 (sec 9)
+ cot–1 (cot 6) – cosec–1(cosec 7)
= (3 – 8) – (10 – 3) + (4 – 12) – (9 – 2) + (6 – ) – (7 – 2)
 y = 13– 40 = a + b
 a = 13, b = – 40  a – b = 53 Ans.

8. Show that :
 33    46   1  13   1   19    13
sin 1  sin   cos
1
 cos   tan   tan   cot  cot    =
 7   7   8    8  7
 33   1  46   1  13   1   19   
Sol. LHS = sin 1  sin   cos  cos   tan   tan   cot  cot   
 7   7   8    8 
 33   1   46    1  13   1   19   
 sin 1  sin   cos  cos     tan  tan     cot  cot  
 7    7   8    8 

 5  1   4  1  5  1   3 
 sin 1  sin 4    cos  cos  6     tan  tan       cot  cot  2   
 7    7   8    8 
 5  1   4  1   5  1   3 
 sin 1  sin   cos  cos     tan  tan        cot  cot   
 7    7    8    8 

131
  5   4   5   3   13
               RHS
 7   7   8   8  7
Hence Proved.

 36  4 8
9. Let  = sin–1   ,  = cos–1   and  = tan–1   , find ( +  + ) and hence prove
 85  5  15 
that
(i)  cot  =  cot  , (ii)  tan  ·tan  = 1
 36  4 8
Sol.  = sin–1   ,  = cos–1   and  = tan–1  
 85  5  15 
36 4 8
  sin    cos   & tan r  
85   5    15

0 85 0 5 0 17
0 36 0 3 0 8

0  0  0 
0 77 0 4 0 15
 
 tan(     ) 
 tan   tan   tan  tan  
1   tan  tan 
36 3 8 36 3 8
    
  tan(     )  77 4 15 77 4 15 
36 3 3 8 8 36
1     
77 4 4 15 15 77
  +  +  = /2 Ans.
(i)  cot    cot 
1 1 1 1
   
tan  tan  tan  tan   tan  tan 
77 4 15 385
LHS =   
36 3 8 72
77 4 15 385
RHS  
36 3 8 72
(ii)
LHS =  tan  tan 
36 3 3 8 8 36
       1  RHS Hence Proved 
77 4 4 15 15 77

10. Prove that : sin cot–1 tan cos–1 x = sin cosec–1 cot tan–1x = x where x  (0, 1]
Sol. y = sin (cot–1 (tan (cos–1 x)) ; x  (0, 1]
  1 x  
 1
 sin cot  tan 
  x 
  

132
   1 x  
 sin  cot 1  
  x 
  
-1
= sin(sin x) = x
Again, Let z  sin (cosec1 (cot(tan 1x)))
= sin (cosec–1(cot(cot–1(1/x)))
= sin(cosec–1(1/x))
= sin(sin-1x)
 y= z =x

11. Prove that:

3 16 1 7
(a) 2 cos1 + cot1 + cos1 = 
13 63 2 25
1 
 3  16  1 1 
7 
Sol. (a) 2 cos1   + cot  63  + 2 cos  25 
 13     

 7 
Put cos 1    
 25 
7 1  tan 2  / 2
 cos   
25 1  tan 2  / 2
 tan /2 = ¾
2  63  3
 LHS = 2 tan–1   + tan 1    tan 1  
3  16  4
 
 
1  2  2 / 3   63  3
 tan  tan 1    tan 1  
 2  2
 16  4
 1   
 3 
 12  3  63 
 tan 1    tan 1    tan 1  
5 4  16 
 12  
  
 63 
   tan 1  5 4   tan 1  
 1  12  3   16 
 15 4 
 63  1  63 
   tan 1    tan  
 –16   16 
=  = RHS Hence Proved.

5  7  36
(b) cos 1    cos 1     sin 1 = 
 13   25  325
 
5  7   36 
Sol. LHS  cos 1      cos 1    sin 1  
 13   25   325 

133
 0 13 0 25 0 325
0 12 0 24 0 36

0 57 0 5 0 323
 12 24 
1
 5  7   36 
   tan    tan 1  
 1  12  24   323 
 5 7  
  36   36 
   tan 1  1
  tan  
    323   323  
  = RHS Hence Proved.

2 6 1 
 (c) arc cos  arc cos =
3 2 3 6
 2  6  1 
Sol. LHS = cos–1    arc cos

–1
 =

 3  2 3  6
 2 
1  2 6 1 2  6 1  
= cos   1   1  
 3 2 3 3  2 3  
 
2 3 2 1 52 6 
 cos 1     { 5  2 6  ( 3 – 2)}
 6 3 2 3 

(2 3  2  3  2)  3 
 cos 1  cos 1     RHS Hence proved
6  2  6
 ab  1   bc  1  –1  ca  1  .
12. If a > b > c > 0 then find the value of : cot–1   + cot
–1
  + cot  
 ab   bc   ca 
Ans. 
( )
Sol. a>b>c>0
 ab  1  1  bc  1  1  ca  1 
cot 1    cot    cot  
 ab   bc   ca 
 a b  1  b  c  1  c  a 
 tan 1    tan    tan  
 1 a  b   1 b  c   1 c  a 
x y z
 Here, x + y + z = xy z
=  Ans
13. Find all values of k for which there is a triangle whose angles have measure
1 1  1 
tan–1   , tan–1   k  , and tan–1   2k  .
2 2  2 
 11 
Ans.  
4

134
 1 1  1 
Sol. tan–1   , tan–1   k  , and tan–1   2k  = 
2 2  2 
1 1  1  1 1  1 
     k     2k      k     2k 
2 2  2  2 2  2 
3 11 k 
   3k    k   2k 2 
2 24 2 
 8k – 18k – 11= 0
2

(2k +1) (4k – 11) = 0

1 11
 k or k 
2 4
11
Rejected  k Ans.
4

 3sin 2  1  tan   =   
14. Prove that: tan1   + tan   (where  << )
 5  3cos 2   4  2 2
 
Sol.  
2 2
1  3  sin 2  1  tan  
LHS = tan    tan  
 5  3cos 2   4 
  2 tan   
 3  
1   1  tan 2     tan  
 tan  tan 1  
  1  tan   
2
 4 
 5  3  
 1  tan   
2

 6 tan   1  tan  
 tan 1    tan  
 8  2 tan    4 
2

Put tan  = t ; t R

 3t  t
 tan 1  2 
 tan 1  
 4 t  4
 3t / 4  1  t 
 tan 1    tan  
 1 t / 4  4
2

 tan (t)  tan (t/ 4)  tan 1 (t/ 4)

1 1

 tan 1 (tan )    RHS Hence Proved.

15. Find the simplest value of

x 1  1 
(a) f (x) = arc cos x + arc cos   3  3x 2  , x   , 1
2 2  2 
 1 2
–1 –1
 1 
Sol. f (x) = cos x + cos x   1  x  1   
2

 2 2 
 
1 1 1
 cos x  | cos x  cos 1/ 2 | ; x  (1/ 2,1)
 ve

= cos x – cos x + cos–11/2 = /3 Ans.

–1 –1

135
  1 x2 1 
(b) f (x) = tan–1   , x  R – {0}
 x 
 
Put x = tan ;  (– /2, /2)
 | sec  | 1  1  1  cos  
 tan 1    tan  
 tan    sin  
  sin 2  / 2 
 tan 1  1
  tan (tan  / 2)
 2sin  / 2cos  / 2 
  / 2 {  / 2  –  / 4,  / 4}
1
f (x)   tan 1 x Ans.
2

16. Prove that the identities.


(a) sin–1 cos (sin1 x) + cos–1 sin (cos–1 x) = , | x |  1
2
  
Sol. LHS = sin–1 (cos (sin1 x)) + cos 1  sin   sin 1 x  
 2 
1 1 1 1
 sin (cos/ sin x))  cos (cos(sin x))
= /2 = RHS Hence Proved.

(b) 2 tan1 (cosec tan1x  tan cot1x) = tan1x (x  0)

Sol. Case-i) x > 0
Put tan–1 x =   x = tan ,   (0, /2)
LHS = 2 tan 1 (cos ec   tan (tan 1 1/ x))
 1 x2 1   1  x 2 1 
 2 tan1     2 tan 1  
 x x   x 
 
 | sec | –1  1  1  cos  
 2 tan1    2 tan  
 tan    sin  
 2 tan 1  tan  / 2     tan 1 x  RHS
Case-ii) x < 0
Put x = – t ; t > 0
LHS  2 tan 1 (cosec(tan 1 ( t)  tan)(cot 1 ( t)))
 2 tan 1[– cosec(tan 1 t)  tan ( – cot  t t)]
 2 tan 1[– cosec(tan 1 t)  tan(cot 1t)]
Put tan–1t= 
   2 tan 1[– cosec   tan (tan 1 (1/ t))]
1  sec  
 2 tan 1    2 tan 1   tan  / 2
 tan  
= 2(– /2) = – = – tan–1t = – tan–1(–x)
= tan–1x = RHS Hence Proved.

136
  2mn   2pq   2M N 
(c) tan1  2 2 
+ tan1  2 2 
= tan1  2 2 
m  n  p  q  M  N 
n q N
where M = mp  nq, N = np + mq, 1 ; 1 and 1
m p M
 2mn   2pq 
Sol. LHS = tan1  2 2 
+ tan1  2 2 
m  n  p  q 
 2 (n / m)   2 (p / q) 
= tan1  2 
+ tan1  2 
 1  (n / m)   1  (q / p) 
n q  n  q 
 2 tan 1    2 tan 1    2  tan 1    tan 1   
m p  m  p 
 n p 
1
 mp   np  mq 
 2 tan    2 tan 1  
1  n  q   mp  nq 
 m p 
N  2N / M 
 2 tan 1    tan 1  2 
M  1  (N/ M) 
 2MN 
 tan 1  2 2 
 RHS Hence Proved.
M N 

(d) tan (tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z) = cot (cot1 x + cot1 y + cot1 z)

Sol. LHS = tan (tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z )
  x  y  z – xyz  
 tan  tan 1  
  1  xy  yz  zx  
x  y  z – xyz

1  xy  yz  zx
RHS  cot(cot 1x  cot 1y  cot 1 z)
 1 1 1
 cot  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 
 x y z
  xy  yz  zx  1  
 cot  tan 1  
  xyz  x  y  z  
  x  y  z – xyz  
 cot cot 1  
  1  xy  yz  zx  
x  y  z  xyz

1  xy  yz  zx
 LHS = RHS Hence Proved.

17. (a) Solve the inequality: (arc sec x)2 – 6(arc sec x) + 8 > 0
(b) If sin2x + sin2y < 1 for all x, y R then prove that sin–1 (tanx . tany)    2,  2  .
Sol. (a) (arc sec–1 x)2 – 6(arc sec x) + 8 > 0
 (sec1x  4) (sec1x  2)  0
– ve

137
  sec–1x – 2 < 0  sec–1x  [0, ] – {/2}
 sec–1x – 2< 0  sec–1x < 2
 sec–1x  [0, 2) – {/2}
 x  (– , sec 2) (1, ] Ans.

(b) sin2x + sin2y < 1  sin2x < cos2y

sin 2 x
  1 ….(1) ; y  (2n + 1) /2
cos 2 y
or sin2x + sin2y < 1  sin2y < cos2x
sin 2 y
  1 ….(2) ; x  (2n + 1)/2
cos 2 x
sin 2 x  sin 2 y
Now (1) & (2)  1
cos 2 y  cos 2 x
 tan 2 .tan 2 y  1
 – 1 < tan x  tan y < 1
 
 –  sin 1 (tan x tan y) 
2 2
Hence Prove.

18. Let f (x) = cot–1 (x2 + 4x + 2 – ) be a function defined R   0,  2 then find the
complete set of real values of  for which f (x) is onto.
 
Sol. f (x)  cot (x  2)   –   4  : R  (0,  / 2]
1   2
  [0,  ) 
 

for f(x) to be onto, Range = Co-domain = (0, /2]

  (x + 2)2  [0, )  cot–1((x + 2)2)  (0, /2]

  2 – – 4 = 0

1  17
  Ans.
2
n
 6

19. If Sn =  r! then for n > 6  given  r!  873 
r 1  r 1 
Column-I Column-II
  S   
(A) sin–1  sin  Sn  7  n    (P) 5 – 2
   7 
  S   
(B) cos–1  cos  Sn  7  n    (Q) 2 – 5
   7  
  S   
(C) tan–1  tan  Sn  7  n    (R) 6 – 2
   7  

138
   S   
(D) cot–1  cot  Sn  7  n    (S) 5 – 
   7 
(T) – 4
(where [ ] denotes greatest integer function)
Ans. (A) P; (B) Q ; (C) P ; (D) S
n 6
Sol. Sn =  r! ; n > 6  r!  873 (Given)
r 1 r 1
Sn 1! 2! 3! ....  n!
  
7  7 
1! 2! ....  6! 7! 8! ....  n!
  
 7 7
 873 7! 8! ....  n!
  
 7 7
 
 873 5 7! 8! ....  n!
   
 7 7 7 
 Integer Fraction Integer 
7! 8! ....  n!
 124 
7
S 
 7  n   868  7! 8! ....  n!
7
 873  5  7! 8! ....n!
6
  r  7! 8! ....n!– 5
r 1

S  S 
 7  n   5n – 5  Sn  7  n   5
7 7
  S   
 (A) sin 1  sin  Sn  7  n     sin 1 (sin 5)
   7 
= –2 + 5
  S   
(B) cos 1  cos  Sn  7  n     cos 1 (cos 5)
   7  
= 2– 5
  S   
(C) tan 1  tan  Sn  7  n     tan 1 (tan 5)
   7  
= – 2 + 5
  S   
(D) cot 1  cot  Sn  7  n     cot 1 (cot 5)
   7  
=–+5

139
 Exercise-2
1. Prove that:
 1 a  1 a  2b
(a) tan   cos 1  + tan   cos 1  =
4 2 b 4 2 b a
–1
Sol. Put cos (a/b) =  
 LHS = tan (/4) + /2) + tan(/4 – /2)
1  tan  / 2 1  tan / 2
 
1  tan  / 2 1  tan  / 2
 1  tan 2  / 2  2 2b
 2    RHS
 1  tan  / 2  cos  a
2

Hence Proved

cos x  cos y  x y
(b) cos1 = 2 tan1  tan . tan 
1  cos x cos y  2 2
 1  tan 2 x / 2 1  tan 2 y / 2 
  
1  1  tan x / 2 1  tan y / 2 
2 2
Sol. LHS  cos
 1  tan 2 x / 2 1  tan 2 y / 2 
1  1  tan 2 x / 2  1  tan 2 y / 2 
 
 1  tan x / 2  tan y / 2 
2 2
 cos 1  
1  tan x / 2 1tan y / 2 
2 2

 cos1 (cos 2) ; tan   tan x / 2  tan y / 2

 x y
 2  2 tan 1  tan  tan   RHS Hence proved
 2 2
 ab x  b  a cos x 
(c) 2 tan1  . tan  = cos1  
 ab 2  a  b cos x 
 a b x
Sol. Let  . tan   
 a b 2
ab x
 tan   . tan
ab 2
ab 2 x
1   tan
1  tan  2
 ab 2
Now cos 2  
1  tan 2  ab 2 x
1   tan
ab 2
 1  tan 2 x / 2 
a b
 1  tan 2 x / 2 

 1  tan 2 x / 2 
b a
 1  tan x / 2 
2

a cos x  b
cos 2 
b cos x  a

140
  a cos x  b 
2  cos 1  
 b cos x  a 
 
 2 tan 1  a  b  tan x   cos 1  a cos x  b 
 ab 2   b cos x  a 

Hence Proved

 1  x2  1  x2 
2. If y = tan1   prove that x² = sin 2y.
 1  x 2  1  x 2 
1
Sol. Put x2 = cos2    cos 1 (x 2 )
2
 1  cos 2  1 – cos 2 
 y  tan 1  
 1  cos 2  1 – cos 2 
 cos   sin     
 tan 1    tan 1  tan   
 cos   sin    4 
  1
     cos 1 x 2
4 4 2

 2y   cos 1 x 2
2
 

2 

 sin 2y  2sin   cos 1 x 2   cos cos 1 x 2  
 sin 2y = x Hence Proved.
2

3. If u = cot1 cos 2  tan1 cos 2 then prove that sin u = tan2 .

Sol. 4  cot 1  
cos 2  tan 1  cos 2 

 tan 1 
1 
  tan
 cos 2 
1
 cos 2 

0 1 – cos2

0 
0
 1  cos 2 
 tan 1  
 2 cos 2 
1  cos 2
 tan u 
2 cos 2
1  cos 2 sin 2 
 sin u  
1  cos 2 cos 2
 sin u = tan2 
    Hence proved.

141
 1  x   1  x2 
4. If  = 2 arc tan   &  = arc sin  2 
for 0 < x < 1 , then prove that +
 1  x   1  x 
=, what the value of  +  will be if x > 1.
 1 x 
Sol.   2 tan 1   ; Put x = tan  
 1 x 
  
       – 
 2 2
 1  tan  
  2 tan 1  
 1  tan  
  2 tan 1  tan( / 4  ) 

0<x<1 x>1
 0 < < /2   > /4
 0 < /4 +  < 3/2 /4 <  < /2
  = 2(/4 + )  /2 < + /4 < 3/4
 = /2 + 2      = 2( + /4 – )
 = 2 – 3/2
 1 x2 
Now,   sin 1  2 
; Put x = tan ;   (– /2, /2)
 1 x 
= sin–1(cos 2) = /2 – cos–1(cos 2)

0<x<1 x>1
 0 <  < /4  /4 <  < /2
 0 < 2< /2  /2 < 2 < 
 =/2– 2     = /2 – 2
 Case-I : 0 < x < 1
 = /2 + 2,  = /2 – 2
    +  =  Hence Proved.
Case-II : x > 1
 = 2 – 3/2 &  = /2 – 2
    +  = – 

 1
5. If x   1,   then express the function f (x) = sin–1 (3x – 4x3) + cos–1 (4x3 – 3x) in the
 2
form of a cos–1 x + b , where a and b are rational numbers.
Sol. Let y = sin–1(3x – 4x3) ; Put x = sin 
  sin–1(sin 3)   [– /2, /2]
 1  x  –1/2 ,/2   – /6
3 
  3  –
2 2
–1
 y = sin (sin 3) = – 3 – 
  y = –  – 3 sin–1x ….(1)
Again, Let y = cos–1(4x3 – 3x) ; Put x = cos 
142
   y = cos–1(cos 3)   [0, ]
– 1  x  – 1/2 2/3    
  2  3  3
  y = cos–1(cos 3)

0 y = x – 2

0 0 2 3

y = 3 – 2 = 2 cos–1x – 2 ….(2)
 from (1) & (2)
f(x) = sin–1(sin 3x) + cos–1(cos 3x)
 –  – 3sin 1 x  3cos1 x  2
 
 – 3 – 3   cos 1 x   3cos 1 x
2 
9
 6cos 1 x   a = b & b = – 9/2 Ans.
2

6. Find the sum of the series:

(a) cot17 + cot113 + cot121 + cot131 + ...... to n terms.
Sol. cot17 + cot113 + cot121 + cot131 + ...... n terms.
 1  1  1  1  1 
 tan 1    tan    tan   ......
 1 6   1  12   1  20 
 1  1  1  1  1 
 tan 1    tan    tan   ......
 1 2 3   1 3 4   1 4 5 

    
 tan 1 3  tan 1 2  tan 1 4  tan 1 3  (tan 1 5  tan 1 4)  ....  tan 1(n  2)  tan 1 (n  1) 
 tan 1 (n  2)  tan 1 2
 n 22  1  2n  5 
 tan 1    cot   Ans.
 1  (n  2)2   n 

1 2 2n 1
(b) tan1 + tan1 + ..... + tan1 + ..... 
3 9 1  22n 1
 2n 1  1  2n 1 
Sol. Tn  tan 1  2n 1 
 tan  n 1 
 1 2  1 2  2 
n

 2n  2n 1 
 tan 1  n 1 
 1 2  2 
2n

Tn  tan 1 2n  tan 1 2n 1

143
 n
 Sn   Tn
n 1

    
 tan 2  tan 1 2  tan 1 22  tan 1 2  ....  tan 2n  tan 1 2n 1
1

Sn  tan 1 2n – tan 1 1
n S = /2 – /4 = /4 Ans.

1 1 1 1
(c) tan1 + tan1 2 + tan1 2 + tan1 2 to
x  x 1
2
x  3x  3 x  5x  7 x  7 x  13
n terms.
 1  1  1  1  1 
Sol. tan 1    tan    tan    ....  n terms
 1  x(1  x)   1  (x  1)(x  2)   1  (x  2)(x  3) 
   
 tan 1 (x  1)  tan 1 x  tan 1 (x  2)  tan 1 (x  1)  ....  (tan 1 (x  n) – tan 1 (x  (n  1)))
tan 1 (x  n)  tan 1 x Ans.

1 1 1
(d) sin 1  sin 1  sin 1  ....... terms
5 65 325
 1  1  1  1  1 
Sol. sin 1    sin    sin    ....n terms
 5  65   325 
1 1 1
 tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    ....
2 8  18 
2 2  1 
 tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    ....
4  16   36 
 2  1  2  1  2 
 tan 1    tan    tan    ....
 1  13   1 3 5   1 5 7 

      
 tan 1 3  tan 1 1  tan 1 5  tan 1 3  tan 1 7  tan 1 5  .... tan 1(2n  1)  tan 1(2 n  1) 
= tan–1(2n + 1) – tan–1(1)
n   S /2 – /4 = /4 Ans.

1 2 1 n  n 1
(e) sin1 + sin1 + ..... + sin1 + ...... 
2 6 n (n  1)
 n  n  1
Sol. Tn = sin1  
 n (n  1) 
 1 1 1 1
 sin 1  1  1 
 n n 1 n 1 n
 1  1  1 
 sin 1    sin  
 n  n 1 

n
 1   1 1 1   1 1 1 
Sn   Tn   sin 1 1– sin 1   sin  sin 1   ....   sin  sin 1 
n 1  2  2 3  n n 1 
144
 n S2 –  = /2
7. Solve the following equations / system of equations :

(a) sin1x + sin1 2x =
3

Sol. sin1x + sin1 2x = ….(1)
3
  
  – cos 1 x   cos 1 2x 
2 2 3
 cos1 x  cos1 2x  2 / 3

 
 cos1 x  2x  1  x 2 1  4x 2  2 / 3
2 1
 2x 2  1  x 2 1  4x 2  cos 
3 2
2
 1
 
  2x 2    1  x 2 (1  4 x 2 )
 2
1
 4x 4   2x 2  1  5x 2  4x 4
4
 7x 2  1  1/ 4  3 / 4
1 3 1 3
 x or x
2 7 2 7
Rejecte { It does not satisfy equation (1)}
1 3
 X Ans.
2 7
1 1 2
(b) tan1 + tan1 = tan1 2
1  2x 1  4x x
 1 1 
  
tan 1  1  2x 1  4x   tan 1 2
2
1 1 x
Sol.  1  
 1  2x 1  4x 
2  6x 2
 2
 (1  2 x) (1  4 x)  1 x
 x(x – 3) (3x + 2) = 0
x = 0, 3, – 2/3 { x = 0, – 2/3 does not satisfy the given equation}
x = 3 Ans.

(c) tan1(x1) + tan1(x) + tan1(x+1) = tan1(3x)

Sol. tan1(x1) + tan1x = tan13x – tan1(x + 1)
 x 1  x  1  3x  (x  1) 
 tan 1    tan  
 1  x(x  1)   1  3x(x  1) 
2x  1 2x  1
  2
1  x  x 3x  3x  1
2

 (2x – 1) (3x2 + 3x + 1 – x2 + x – 1) = 0

145
  (2x – 1)(2x2 + 4x) = 0
 x = 0, 1/2, – 1/2 Ans.

(d) 3 cos1 x = sin1  1  x2 (4 x 2  1) 

Sol. Put x = cos ,   [0, ]
 3 cos–1(cos ) = sin–1(sin (4 cos2 – 1))
 3 = sin–1(sin (4(1 – sin2) – 1))
 3 = sin–1(sin ((3 – 4 sin2))
 3 = sin–1(3 sin  – 4 sin3)
 3 = sin–1(sin 3)
– 
 3 
2 2
3 = 3only when
– 
    but  [0, ]
6 6
  [0, /6]
 3   3 
 cos    , 1  x   , 1 Ans.
 2   2 

x 1 2x  1 23
(e) tan1 + tan1 = tan1
x 1 2x  1 36
 x  1 2x  1  1 23
tan 1     tan
Sol.  x  1 2x  1  36
(x  1)(2 x  1)  (x  1)(2 x  1) 23
 
(x  1)(2 x  1)  (x  1)(2 x  1) 36
2x 2  1 23
  24x2 – 23x – 12 = 0
3x 36
4 7
 x  or x 
3 8
Rejected {It does not satisfy given equation}
4
 x Ans.
3

2 
(f) sin1x + sin1y = & cos1x  cos1y =
3 3
2  
Sol. sin 1 x  sin 1 y  & cos 1 x  cos 1 y 
3 3
   
  sin 1 x    sin 1 y  
2 2  3

 sin 1 y  sin 1 x 
3
On solving, we get
146
   1
sin 1 y  & sin 1 x   y = 1 & x  Ans.
2 6 2
1 a 2
1 b 2
(g) 2 tan1x = cos1 cos1 (a > 0, b > 0).
1 a 2
1  b2
Sol. Put a = tan , b = tan ; a, b > 0
 = tan–1a,  = tan–1b ; ,  (0, /2)
– 9 –
 2 tan–1x = cos–1(cos 2) – cos–1(cos 2)
 2 tan –1 x = 2– 2
 tan–1x = tan–1a – tan–1b
ab
 x  Ans.
1  ab
x2  1 2x 2
(h) cos1 2 + tan1 2 =
x 1 x 1 3
Sol. Put x = tan    = tan–1x ;   (– /2, /2)
0 –0  0 0 3
 tan 2   1  1  2 tan   2
 cos 1    tan  
 tan   1   tan   1  3
2 2

2
 cos 1 (– cos 2)  tan 1 ( tan 2) 
3
2
   cos 1 (cos 2) – tan 1 (tan 2) 
3
2 (– , )
Case-I : – < 2 < – /2
  – (–2) – (2 + ) = 2/3
  = 2/3 ×
–
Case-II :  2 0
2
   (– 2) – (2)  2 / 3
   2 / 3 ×

Case-III : 0  2     [0, /4)
2
2 2
   2  2   
3 3
  4    2 / 3   / 3


12
 x  2 3
= 2  2 / 3
= 4 / 3

Case IV :  2      [/6, /2]
2
  – 2– (2 – ) = 2/3
2 – 4 = 2/3
  = /3
 tan  = tan/3

147
  x 3
 x  2  3, 3 Ans.

8. If  and  are the roots of the equation x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 ( > ) then find the value of
3 1   3 1 
f (, ) = cosec2  tan 1  + sec2  tan 1  .
2 2  2 2 
a 
Sol. x2 – 4x + 1 = 0 ;  +  = 4,  = 1
a 
 Both roots are positive
3 1   3 1 
f (, )  cos ec2  tan 1   sec 2  tan 1 
2 2  2 2 
3 3
 
1  1 
2sin 2  tan 1  2 cos 2  tan 1 
 2   2 
3 3
 
1  cos (tan 1  / ) 1  cos (tan 1  / )
3 3
 
     
1  cos  cos 1  1  cos  cos 1 
  2  2    2  2 
   
3 3
 
 
1 1
 2  2  2  2
3  2  2 3  2  2
 
 2  2    2  2  

    
2

 3  2  2   3  2  2 – 
2

   
 2  2   2  2  2  2 
 

 2  2  (  2  2  )  (  2  2  ) 
 

= ( + ) (2 + 2) Ans.

9. Find the integral values of K for which the system of equations;

 K 2
 arc cos x  (arcsin y) 2

 4
possesses solutions & find those solutions.
 4
(arcsin y) . (arc cos x)  16
2


Sol. Let cos–1 x = a & sin–1y = b

148
  2 
 a  [0, ], b  [– /2,/2] b2  0,  
 4
 The given equation are
k2 2
a  b2  & ab 2 
4 16
 2
 0  a  b2   
4

k2 2 4
 0    0k +1
4 4 
 Possible integral values of k are 0, 1, 2
Case-i ) k = 0  Equations are
4
a + b2 = 0 & ab2 =
16
a=b= 0 Rejected .
(ii) k = 1 Equations are
2 2
a  b2  & ab 2 
4 16
2   4
 b2  a    a  a 
4 4  16
 16a2 – 42a +3 = 0
D = 16p4 – 644 < 0
a  s
(iii) k = 2  Equations ar
2 4
a  b2  & ab 2 
2 16
 2
 b2   a  (2/2 – a) a = 4/16
2
2 2 2
 (4a – 2) = 0  a  & b2  
4 2 4
 2
 2
 cos 1 x  & (sin–1y)2 =
4 4
 x = cos (2/4) & sin–1y = ± /2
 For x = 2, x = cos2/4 & y = ± 1 Ans.
y 3
10. Find all the positive integral solutions of, tan1x + cos1 = sin1 .
1  y2 10
 y  3
Sol. tan1x + cos1   = sin1
 1  y2  10
 
1
 tan 1 x  tan 1    tan 1 3
y
1
 tan 1 x  tan 1 3 – tan 1  
 y
149
 3  1/ y 3y  1
x 
1 3 / y y  3
 y  3  10 / 3  10
 x  3    3 I
 y3  y3
 y = 3 = ± 1, ± 2, ± 5, ± 10
y = – 2, – 4, – 1, – 5, 2, – 8, 7, – 13
× × × × × × {y  I+}
 For y = 2, x = 1
& y = 7, x = 2
 (x, y) = (1, 2) or (2, 7) Ans.

11. If X = cosec . tan1 . cos . cot1 . sec . sin1 a & Y = sec cot1 sin tan1 cosec cos1 a ;
where 0  a  1 . Find the relation between X & Y . Express them in terms of ‘a’.
Sol. x = cosec(tan–1(cos (cot–1(sec–1a))))) ; 0  a 1
    1 
 cos ec  tan 1  cos  cot 1     
  
 1 a    
2
  
  1 
 cos ec  tan 1     3  a
2

 2a 
2

 x  3  a 2 ….(1)
And,

   
y  sec cot 1 sin tan 1 cos ec cos 1 a  ; 0  a  1
    1 
 sec  cot1  sin  tan 1     
    1 a
2
   
  
  1 
 sec  cot 1     3  a
2

 2a 
2

 y  3  a2 ….(2)

 From (1) & (2) x  y  3  a 2 Ans.

150
12. Column-I Column-II

 2 
(A) f (x) = sin–1   (P) f (x) is many one
 | sin x  1|  | sin x  1| 

(B) f (x) = cos–1( | x – 1 | – | x – 2 | ) (Q) Domain of f (x) is R

  
(C) f (x) = sin–1  1 1  (R) Range contain only
 | sin x  ( 2) |  | sin x  (  2) | 
irrational number
(D) f (x) = cos(cos–1 | x |) + sin–1(sin x) – cosec–1(cosec x) + cosec–1|x|
(S) f (x) is even.

 
 2 
Sol. (A) f (x) = sin–1  
 | sin x  1|  | sin x  1| 
  [–2, 0]  [0, 2] 
 2 
 sin 1   x  R
 1  sin x  sin x  1 

f (x)  x  R
2
(B) f(x) = cos–1(|x – 1| – |x – 2|)
x<1 1<2 x 2
f(x) = cos (– x + 1 + x – 2) f(x) = cos (x – 1 + x – 2) f(x) = cos–1(x – 1 – x +2)
–1 –1

= cos–1(– 1) = cos–1(2x – 3) = cos–1

f(x) = 0
  ; x 1
 1
 f (x)  cos (2 x  3) ; 1  x  2
 ; x2
 0
 
  
(C) f (x)  sin 1  1 1
 ; Domain : - x  [– 1, 1]
 | sin (x   / 2) |  | sin (x   / 2) | 
 
  [– , 0]  [0,  ] 
  
 f (x)  sin 1  1 1 
 – sin x   / 2  sin x   / 2 
= sin–1(1)
f(x) = /2  x [– 1, 1]
(D) f(x) = cos(cos–1| x |) + sin–1(sin x) – cosec–1(cosec x) + cosec–1(| x |)
Domain : - 1  | x |  1 and | x  1 or | x | – 1
 | x | = 1 or | x | = – 1
x = ± 1 ×
 f(1) = cos(cos 1) + sin–1(sin 1) – cosec–1(cosec 1) + cosec–1(1)
–1

151
  
=1+1–1+ =1+
2 2

f(– 1) = cos(cos–11) + sin–1(sin (– 1)) – cosec–1(cosec (– 1)) + cosec–1(1)= 1 +
2
 Domain of f(x) is x = {– 1, 1}

Range = 1 +
2
1 7
13. Prove that the equation ,(sin1x)3 + (cos1x)3 = 3 has no roots for < and >
32 8
Sol. (sin–1x)3 + (cos–1x)3 = 3 ; x  [– 1, 1]
 (sin–1x + cos–1x) [(sin–1x)2 + (cos–1x)2 – 3 sin–1x cos–1x] = 3
  2  
  – 3sin 1 x   sin 1 x    3
2 4 2 
 2
 (sin 1x)2  sin 1 x  (1  8)
2 12
2
   2
  sin 1x    (32  1)
 4 48
 
 –  sin 1 
2 2
3
 –  sin 1 x –  / 4
4
2
  9 2
0   sin 1 x   
 4 16
2 9 2
 0 (32  1) 
48 16
1 7
  
32 8
 So given equation has no roots,
1 7
for   &a
32 8
Hence proved.

14. Solve the following inequalities :

(a) arc cot2 x  5 arc cot x + 6 > 0
 cot x 
2
1
Sol.  5(cot 1x)  6  0
  cot 1
 
x  2 cot 1 x  3  0
–1 –1
 cot x > 3 or cot x < 2
 x < cot 3 or x > cot 2
x  (– , cot 3) (cot 2, ) Ans.

152
 (b) arc sin x > arc cos x
x
Sol. sin 1 x  cos1 x  sin 1  – sin 1 x ; x  [–1,1]
2

 sin 1 x 
4
1
 x  & x  [– 1, 1]
2
 1 
 x   ,1 Ans.
 2 
(c) tan2 (arc sin x) > 1
  
Sol. tan2 (arc sin x) > 1 ; Put sin–1 =      ,  x  (– 1, 1)
 2 2
 tan – 1 > 0
2

 (tan  + 1) (tan  – 1) > 0

 tan > 1 or tan < – 1
 tan  > 1 or tan < – 1
 
   or < –
4 4
 
 sin 1 x  or sin–1 x < 
4 4
1 1
 x> or x   and x  (–1,1)
2 2
 1   1 
 x   1,    ,1 Ans.
 2  2 

15. Solve the following system of inequations

4 arc tan2x – 8arc tanx + 3 < 0 & 4 arc cotx – arc cot2 x – 3 > 0
–1 –1 –1
Sol. 2
4(tan–1x) – 8(tan x) + 3 < 0 & (cot x) – 4cot x + 3  0
2

 (2 tan x – 1) (2 tan x – 3) < 0 & (cot–1x – 1) (cot–1x – 3)  0

–1 –1

 3
  tan 1 x  & 1  cot 1 x  3
2 2
1 3
tan  x  tan & cot 3  x  cot 1
2 2
 x  x  (tan1/2, cot 1] Ans.

16. If the total area between the curves f (x) = cos–1(sin x) and g (x) = sin–1(cos x) on the
interval [– 7, 7] is A, find the value of 49A. (Take  = 22/7)

Sol. f (x)  cos 1 (sin x)  – sin 1 (sin x )
2

Period =2
 g(x) = sin (cos x) = /2 – cos–1(cos x)
–1



153
     Period = 2
 Period of both f(x) & g(x) is 2
2
 A  7   | f(x)  g(x) |dx
0
2
 7   | f(x)  g(x) |dx
0
2
 7  | cos 1 (cos x)  sin 1 (sin x ) |dx
0

vy y

 vy 
vy Shaded Area = × 2 ×  + ×  × /2
 vy
 vy 3 vy = ×  × /2
 vy  
0 vy vy vy 2
 vy vy = 


 A = 7 × 2
22 22
 78A = 49  7    3388 Ans.
7 7

10 10
m
17. If the sum  tan 1  n   k , find the value of k.
n 1 m 1
10 10
m
Sol. LHS   tan   1

n 1 m 1 n
 LHS   tan 1 1  tan 1 2  tan 1 3  ....  tan 1 9  tan 1 10 
10

 n 1 n n n n n
 tan 1  tan 1 2  tan 1 3  ......  tan 1 9  tan 1 10
1 2 3 9 10
 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  ....  tan 1  tan 1
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 1 2 1 3 1 9 1 10
 tan  tan  tan  ....tan  tan
3 3 3 3 3

1 2 3 9 10
 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  ......  tan 1  tan 1
10 10 10 10 10

 1  1  10 
  2  3 
9
 tan 1 1  tan 1 1  ....  tan 1 1   tan 1 2  tan 1    tan 1 3  tan 1   ....   tan 1  tan 1 
 10 9
10 times

   90  5 45 50
 10         25
4 2  2 2 2 2
 k = 25 Ans.
154
18. Show that the roots r, s, and t of the cubic x(x – 2)(3x – 7) = 2, are real and positive.
Also compute the value of tan–1(r) + tan–1(s) + tan–1(t).
Sol. Let f(x) = x(x – 2) (3x – 7) – 2
f (–1)  –31 f (2)  –2
f (0)  –2 f (3)  4
f (1)  2
- y

- × - × - × - x
- –1 - 0- 1 - 2- 3

- –1

 Roots are real and positive.

Hence Proved.
Now,
x(x – 2)(3x – 7) = 2
3 r
 3x3 – 13x2 + 14x – 2 = 0 3 s
3 t
r + s + t = 13/3
rs + st + tr = 14/3 > 1
* rst = 2/3
 tan 1 (r)  tan 1 (s)  tan 1 (t)
 r  s  t  rst 
   tan 1  
 1  (rs st  tr) 
 13 / 3  2 / 3 
   tan 1  1
    tan (1)
 1  14 / 3 
 3
   Ans.
4 4
  2x 2  4  
19. Solve for x : sin–1  sin  2 
<  – 3.
 
  1 x  
  2x 2  4  
Sol. sin–1  sin  2 
<–3
 
  1 x  

155
 2x 2  4
Let y  2  [2, 4]
x 1
  2x 2  4  
 sin 1  sin  2      3
 
  x 1 
 2x 2  4  2x 2  4
  2   –3  2 3
 x 1  x 1
2x2 + 4 > 3x2 + 3 x2 < 1
 x (–1, 1) Ans.

20. Find the set of values of 'a' for which the equation 2 cos–1x = a + a2(cos–1x)–1 posses a
solution.
a2
Sol. 2cos 1 x  a  ; Domain : 
cos 1 x
x  [– 1, 1)
Put cos–1x = t  R (0, ]
 2t2 – at – a2 = 0
a a2
 t 2  t   0
t 2
2
 a a
2
a2
 t      0
 4  16 2
 a
2
 a  9a
2
  t     0  (t – a) t    0
 4 16  2
a
 t  a or t 
2
 cos x = a or cos–1 = – a/2
–1

Now, for solution to exist

0 < a   or 0 < – a/2  
  0 < a   or 0 > a – 2
  a  [– 2, ] – {0} Ans.

156
 Exercise-3
5 2
1. If (tan–1 x)2 + (cot–1 x)2 = , then x equals :
8
(A) –1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None of these
Ans. (A)
5 2
Sol. (tan–1x)2 + (cot–1x)2 = ,
8
1 1 1 52
1
 (tan x  cot x)  tan x  cot x 
2

8
2
 1   1  2
    2 tan x   tan x   
2 2  8
  Put tan–1 x = t
32
  2t 2  t  0
8
  16t 2  8t  32  0 
  (4t – 3) (4t + ) = 0
3 –
  t or 
4 4
  x = – 1 or x = – 1
 x = – 1 Ans. 

   2 3  
1  12 
2. The value of sin–1 cot  sin 1     cos    sec
1
2  is :
   4    4  
  
  
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D)
4 6 2
Ans. (A)
  3 1 3 
Sol. sin 1 cot  sin 1  cos 1  sec1 2  
  2 2 2  
       
 sin 1 cot       sin 1  cot   sin 1 (0)
  12 6 4    2
= 0 Ans.

3. Statement-I The equation sec–1 x + cot–1 x < has no solution.
2

Statement-II sec x is not defined at
2
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation
of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct
explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false

157
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true

Ans. (B)
Sol. Statement-I sec1 x  cot 1 x –  / 2
 [0,  ]–{ /2}  [0,  ]

 No solution Statement-I is true,  /2 is not in domain of sec x.

 Both Statements are true, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation of statement-I

4. Statement-I The equation sin–1 x = cos–1 x has one and only one solution.
Statement-II The equation tan–1 x = 1 has only one solution.
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation
of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct
explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true
Ans. (B)
Sol. Statement-I sin 1 x  cos1 x ; x  [–1, 1]
 sin–1x = /2 – sin–1x
1
 sin–1x = /4  x  
2
 Statement-II tan–1 x = 1 ; x  R
 x = tan 1
 Both Statements are true, but Statement-II is not the correct explanation of Statement-I

5. Statement-I sin–1 sin x  sin sin–1 x, if –1  x  1.

Statement-II sin  and sin–1  are different functions.
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation
of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct
explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true
Ans. (D)
Sol. Statement-I sin 1 (sin x)  x  x  [–  / 2,  / 2]
& sin(sin 1x)  x  x  [–1,1]
 sin–1(sin x) = sin (sin–1x) = x  x  [– 1, 1]
 Statement-I is False.
Statement-II sin  and sin–1 are different functions True

158
 3
6. Statement-I The maximum value of sin–1 x + cosec–1 x + cos–1 x + sec–1 x + tan–1 x is
2
 
Statement-II sin–1 x + cos–1 x = and sec–1 x + cosec–1 x =
2 2
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation
of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct
explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true
Ans. (D)
Sol. Let y = sin 1 x  cos1 x  cos ec1x  sec1 x  tan 1 x
Domain : - x {– 1, 1}
 
   tan 1 x  {–1,1}
2 2
 5
At x = 1, y =  + tan–1(1) =     
4 4
 3
 At x = – 1, y =  + tan–1(– 1)   – 
4 4
 Maximum value of = 5/4
 Statement-I is False.
Statement-II

sin 1 x  cos 1 x   x  [– 1, 1]
2
–1 –1
& sec x + cosec x = /2  x  (– , – 1]  [1, )
 Statement-II is True.

 xy   yz   xz 
7. If x2 + y2 + z2 = r2, then tan–1   + tan–1   + tan–1   =
 zr   xr   yr 

(A) (B) (C) 0 (D) None of these
2
Ans. (B)
xy yz yz xz xz xy
Sol. Consider,     
zr xr xr yr yr zr
y2  z 2  x 2
 1
r2
 xy   yz   xz  
 tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    Ans.
 zr   xr   yr  2

 1   1 
8. tan   cos 1 x  + tan   cos 1 x  , (x  0) is equal to
4 2  4 2 
2 1
(A) x (B) 2x (C) (D)
x x
Ans. (C)
Sol. Put cos–1 =  cos = x

159
 1  tan  / 2 1– tan  / 2 1  tan  / 2   1  tan  / 2 
2 2

  
1  tan  / 2 1  tan  / 2 1  tan 2  / 2
 1  tan 2  / 2  2 2
 2   Ans.
 1  tan  / 2  cos  x
2

xy  1 yz  1 zx  1
9. cot–1 + cot–1 + cot–1
xy yz zx
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) cot–1 x + cot–1 y + cot–1 z (D) None of these
Ans. (A)
 xy  1  1  yz  1  1  zx  1 
Sol. cot 1    cot    cot  
 xy   yz   zx 
    
 cot 1 x  cot 1 y  cot 1 y  cot 1 z  cot 1z  cot 1 x 
= 0 Ans.

10. sin cot–1 tan cos–1 x is always equal to

1
(A) x (B) 1  x 2 (C) (D) None of these
x
Ans. (D)
Sol.   
Let y  sin cot 1 tan cos 1 x 
Put cos–1x =  ; x  [– 1, 1] &   [0, ]
Case i) x  0
  1 x2  
y  sin  cot 1  
  x 
  
  
y  sin sin 1 (x)  x

0
0 1

0 
0 x

Case II) x = 0
y = sin (cot–1(tan(cos–10)))
   
 sin  cot  tan  
  2 
= Not defined.

160
 a(a  b  c) b(a  b  c) c(a  b  c)
11. tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 is equal to :
bc ca ab
(where a, b, c are positive real numbers)
(A) /4 (B) /2 (C)  (D) 0
Ans. (C)
Sol. It x + y + z = xyz, then
tan–1x + tan–1y + tan–1 z = 
a 2 (a  b c) b2 (a  b c) c2 (a  b c)
 tan 1  tan 1  tan 1
abc abc abc
=  Ans.

12. If a1, a2, a3,....., an is an A.P. with common difference d, then

 d d d 
tan  tan 1  tan 1  ....  tan 1  equals :
 1  a1a 2 1  a 2a 3 1  a n 1a n 
(n  1)d (n  1)d nd (n  1)d
(A) (B) (C) (D)
a1  a n 1  a1a n 1  a1a n 1  a1a n
Ans. (B)
Sol.  d is the common difference
 d = a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 =……an – an–1
  a a   a a   a  a n 1  
 tan  tan 1  2 1   tan 1  3 2   ....  tan 1  n 
  1  a1a 2   1  a 3a 2   1  a n  a n 1  
 tan (tan 1 a 2  tan 1a1 )  (tan 1a 3  tan 1a 2 )   ....  (tan 1a n  tan 1a n 1 )
  a  a 
 tan  tan 1 a n  tan 1 a1   tan  tan 1  n 1  
  1  a n  a1  
a a
 n 1 { an = a1 + (n – 1) d}
1  a n a1
(n  1)d
 Ans.
1  a1a n
2 3 
13. Statement-I tan–1 + tan–1 
5 7 4
x  yx  
Statement-II tan–1   + tan–1    (x, y > 0)
y  yx  4
(A) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, and Statement-II is the correct explanation
of Statement-I
(B) If both Statement-I and Statement-II are true, but Statement-II is not the correct
explanation of Statement-I
(C) If Statement-I is true but Statement-II is false
(D) If Statement-I is false but Statement-II is true
Ans. (A)
Sol. Statement-II
x  yx  1 x  1 x / y 
tan 1  tan 1    tan  tan 1  
y  yx  y  1 x / y 
161
 x x
 tan 1  tan 1 (1) – tan 1  
y y


4
 Statement II is True
2 3
Statement-I tan 1    tan 1  
5 7
2  1 2 / 5 
 tan 1    tan 1  
5  1 2 / 5 
2  2 
 tan 1     tan 1   
5 4 5 4
Statement I is True.
 Both statements are True & Statement-II is correct
explanation of Statement-I Ans.

14. If cos–1(x/a) + cos–1(y/b) = , Then x2/a2 + y2/b2 is equal to :

(A) (2xy/ab) cos  + sin2  (B) (2xy/ab) sin  + cos2 
(C) (2xy/ab) cos2  + sin  (D) (2xy/ab) sin2  + cos 
Ans. (A)
x  y
Sol. cos 1    cos 1    
a b
x y x2 y2 
 cos 1    1  2  1  2   
a b a b 

xy x2 y2
  1  2  1  2  cos 
ab a b
xy x2 y2
  cos  1  2  1  2
ab a b
2 2
x y 2xy cos  x 2 y2 x 2 y2
Square,  cos 2
   1   
a 2 b2 ab a 2 b2 a 2 b2
x 2 y2 2xy cos 
 2  2  1  cos 2  
a b ab
 2xy 
= sin 2     cos  Ans.
 ab 

15. The number k is such that tan(tan–12 + tan–1(20 k)) = k. The sum of all possible values of k
is
19 21 1
(A) – (B) – (C) 0 (D)
40 40 5
Ans. (A)
Sol. tan(tan–12 + tan–1(20 k)) = k
 2  20k 
 tan 1  1
  tan k
 1  40k 
162
  40k2 + 19k + 2 = 10
19
 k1 + k2 = Ans.
40

16. The sum of the infinite terms of the series

 3  3  3
cot–1 12   + cot–1  22   + cot–1 +  32   ..... is equal to
 4  4  4
(A) tan–1(1) (B) tan–1(2) (C) tan–1(3) (D) tan–1(4)
Ans. (B)
 3  1 
Sol. Tn  cot 1  n 2    tan 1  2 
 4  n 3/ 4
 1   (n  1/ 2)  (n  1/ 2) 
 tan 1  1
  tan  
 1  n  1/ 4  1   n  1/ 2  n  1/ 2  
2

 1  1
Tn  tan 1  n    tan 1  n  
 2  2
n
 1 1
 Sn   Tn  tan 1  n    tan 1  
n 1  2 2
 1 1
n  S   tan 1    cot 1    tan 1 (2) Ans
2 2 2
1 
17. The value of tan1  tan 2A  + tan 1(cot A) + tan 1(cot3A) for 0 < A < (/4) is
2 
1
(A) 4 tan (1) (B) 2 tan1 (2) (C) 0 (D) none
Ans. (A)
1 
Sol. tan 1  tan 2A   tan 1 (cotA)  tan 1 (cot 3A)
2 
1   cot A  cot 3 A 
 tan 1  tan 2A     tan 1  
2   1  cot A 
4

1   cot A 
   tan 1  tan 2A   tan 1  
2   1  cot A 
2

1   2 tan A 
   tan 1  tan 2A   tan 1  
2   (1  tan A) 
2

1  1 
  tan 1  tan 2A   tan 1  tan 2A      4 tan 1 (1) Ans.
2  2 

  50   31  
18. The value of sec sin 1   sin 1
  cos cos     is equal to
  9   9 
10 
(A) sec (B) sec (C) 1 (D) –1
9 9
Ans. (D)
  50  1   5   
Sol. sin   sin 1  sin   cos  cos  4    
  9    9  

163
    4     5   
 sin sin 1  sin  6     cos 1  cos  4    
   9    9  
  4   5  
 sin sin 1   sin   cos 1  cos  
  9   9 
  4   5  
 sin   sin 1   sin   cos 1  cos  
  9   9 
 4 5 
 sec     sec     1 Ans.
9 9

19.  
 = sin 1 cos sin 1 x   
and  = cos 1 sin cos1 x  , then :
(A) tan  = cot  (B) tan  =  cot  (C) tan  = tan  (D) tan  =  tan 

Ans. (A)
  
Sol.   cos 1  cos   cos 1 x  
 2 
 
  cos1 cos sin 1 x 
     sin 1 cos sin x   cos cos sin x 
1 1 1

  +  = /2
 tan  = cot  Ans.

20. Which one of the following statement is meaningless ?

  2e  4    
(A) cos–1  l n   (B) cosec–1   (C) cot–1   (D) sec–1()
  3  3 2
Ans. (A)
2e  4  2e  4 
Sol.   1,  n   1
3  3 
  2e  4  
 cos 1  n    is not defined.
  3 

 2x 2  1 
21. Which of the following is the solution set of the equation 2 cos–1(x)= cot–1
  ?
 2x 1  x 
2

(A) (0, 1) (B) (–1, 1) – {0} (C) (–1, 0) (D) [–1, 1]

Ans. (A)
 2x 2  1 
Sol. Domain : - 2cos 1 (x)  cot 1   ; (–1,1) –{0}
 2x 1  x 
2


Put x = cos  ; x (– 1, 1) – {0}   (0,  ) –  
2
 2cos 2   1 
 2cos 1 (cos )  cot 1  
 2cos  | sin  | 

164
  cos 2 
 2  cot 1  
 sin 2 
 2  cot 1 (cot 2) ;   (0, 2) –{}
 
Case-i) 0 < 2<     0,   x  (0, 1)
 2
 2 = 2; which is True x  (0, 1)
Case-ii) 0 < 2< 
  2 = 2– 
  0 = – Reject
 x  (0 , 1) Ans. 

1 4
22. If x = sin (2 tan–1 2), y = sin  tan 1  , then
2 3
(A) x = 1 – y (B) x = 1 – y
2 (C) x2 = 1 + y (D) y2 = 1 – x
Ans. (D)
Sol. x  sin (2 tan 1 2) ; Put tan–12 =  Ist quadrant
 x = sin(2)
= 2 sin  cos 
2 1 4
  2  
5 5 5

0
0 2

0 
0 1
1  4  4
And, y  sin  sin 1    ; Put tan 1      Ist quadrant
2  3  3
 y  sin ( / 2) ; y  0
1  cos 
 y2  sin 2  / 2 
2
1 3 / 5 1
 
2 5
1
 y2   1  x y2 = 1 – x Ans.
5

0 5
0 4

0 
0 3

165
  1  7 2  
23. cos–1   cos  sin   is equal to
 2 5 5 
23 13 3 17 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
20 20 20 20
Ans. (D)
  7    7   
cos 1 cos  cos  sin  sin     –  
5   
Sol.
 4 5 4  
  7  7 
 cos 1 cos  cos  sin  sin 
 4 5 4 5
   7     23  
 cos 1  cos      cos 1  cos  
  4 5    20  
  17   1  17  17
 cos1  cos  2     cos  cos  Ans
  20    20  20
.

24. There exists a positive real number x satisfying cos(tan–1 x) = x. The value of cos–1 is
  2 4
(A) (B) (C) (D)
10 5 5 5
Ans. (C)
Sol. cos (tan–1x) = x
  1 
 cos  cos 1    x
 2 
  1 x  
1
  x, square  x 4  x 2  10  0
1 x 2

1  5 1  5
 x 2  , 0
2 2
 x2   5  1  2
 cos 1    cos 1    Ans.
 2   4  5

25.  
The range of values of p for which the equation sin cos–1 cos(tan 1 x) = p has a solution
is:
 1 1   1 
(A)   , (B) [0, 1) (C)  , 1 (D) (– 1, 1)
 2 2   2 
Ans. (B)
Sol. sin(cos–1(cos(tan–1x))) = p
for x  R, tan–1x (– /2, /2)
 cos(tan–1x)  (0, 1]
 cos–1(cos(tan–1x))  [0, /2)
 sin(cos–1(cos(tan–1x)))  [0, 1)
 To solution to exist, p  [0, 1) Ans.

166
 5  12  
26. Number of value of x satisfying the equation sin–1   + sin–1    is
x x 2
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2

Ans. (B)
5  12  
Sol. sin 1    sin 1   
x x 2
 2 
1  5  1   12   
 sin    cos 1   
x  x  2
 
5 144
  1 2 ; x  0
x x
25 144
Square  2  1  2  x  13 or x = –13
x x
 x = 13 Ans.

1 
27. The value of tan  cot 1 (3)  equals
2 
       
1 1
(A) 3  10 (B) 10  3 (C) 3  10 (D) 10  3
Ans. (A)
 
Sol. Put cot 1 3   :    0, 
 2
 cot  = 3
1 
Let y  tan  cot 1 (3) 
2 

y  tan  
2

0
0 1

0 
0 3
 1  cos  1  3 / 10 10  3 1
Now, tan 2    
2 1  cos  1  3 10 10  3 ( 10  3) 2
 1
 y  tan   ( 10  3)1 Ans.
2 10  3

28. Which of the following is the solution set of the equation sin–1 x = cos–1 x + sin–1 (3x – 2)
?
1  1  1  1 
(A)  ,1 (B)  ,1 (C)  ,1 (D)  ,1
2  2  3  3 
Ans. (A)
Sol. sin 1 x  cos1 x  sin 1 (3x  2)
167
  
  cos 1 x  cos 1 x   cos 1 (3x  2)
2 2
1 1
 2cos x  cos (3x  2)
 cos1 (2 x 2  1)  cos1 (3x  2)  2x2 –1 = 3x – 2
 2x2 – 3x + 1 = 0
1 –1  x  1  1 
 x = 1 or x    x   , 1
2 –1  3x – 2  1 3 
 1
 x  1,  Ans.
 2

29. The solution of the equation 2 cos–1 x = sin–1(2x)

 1 
(A) [–1, 0] (B) [0, 1] (C) [–1, 1] (D)  ,1
 2 
Ans. (D)
Sol. 2cos–1x = sin 1 (2 x 1  x 2 ) : Domain : x  [– 1, 1]
Put x = cos  ;   [0, ]
 2 cos–1(cos ) = sin–1(2 cos /sin |)
 2 = sin–1(sin 2) : 2  [0, 2]
case i) 0  2 /2  0   < /4
 1 
 2 = 2  x  , 1
 2 
 3  3
ii)  2   
2 2 4 4
 2 =  –2
 1
     x = cos  =
4 2
3
iii)  2  2
2
 2= 2– 2 ×
0

 1 
 x , 1 Ans.
 2 

 1 x2 
30. The solution set of the equation sin–1 1  x 2 + cos–1x = cot–1   – sin–1x
 x 
 
(A) [–1, 1] – {0} (B) (0, 1] U {–1} (C) [–1, 0) U {1} (D) [–1, 1]
Ans. (C)
 1 x2 
Sol. sin 1 1  x 2  cos 1 x  cot 1    sin 1 x
 x 
 
Domain : - x [– 1, 1] – {0}
168
 1 1 1
 1 x2 1

 sin 1  x  cos x  sin x  cot 
2

 x 
 
 1 x2
 sin 1 1  x 2   cot 1
2 x
1 1 1 x2
 sin 1  x  tan 2
 0 ; Put x = cos 
x
 | sin  | 
  sin 1 | sin  |  tan 1    0  [o, ] – {/2}
 cos  
 sin–1(sin ) + tan–1(tan ) = 0
case i) 0   < /2
 + = 0   = 0
x = cos  = 1
ii) /2 <   
   –  + –  = 0
0 = 0  x = cos  [– 1, 0)
 From case i) & case ii) x [– 1, 0) {1} Ans.

31. The value of the angle tan–1(tan65° – 2 tan40°) in degrees is equal to

(A) – 20° (B) 20° (C) 25° (D) 40°
Ans. (C)
Sol. Consider, tan 65° – 2 tan 40°
= tan (45° + 20°) – 2 tan 40°
1  tan 20 2 tan 20
  2
1  tan 20 1  tan 2 20
(1  tan 20) 2  4 tan 20

(1  tan 2 20)
(1  tan 20)2 1  tan 20
 
1  tan 2 20 1  tan 20
 tan (45  20)  tan 25
 tan–1(tan 65° – 2 tan 40°)
= tan–1(tan 25° ) = 25° Ans.

32. The function f(x) = cot–1 (x  3)x + cos–1 x 2  3x  1 is defined on the set S, where S =
(A) {0, 3} (B) (0, 3) (C) {0, –3} (D) [–3, 0]
Ans. (C)
Sol. f (x)  cot 1  
x 2  3x   cos 1  x 2  3x  1 
Domain : -

x 2  3x  0  x 2  3x  0 

 

–1  x 2  3x  1  1  0  x 2  3x  1  1 
 
x 2  3x  1  0  3  5 3  5 
 x or x 
2 2  

169
  
x 2  3x  0

   x + 3x = 0  x  {– 3, 0} Ans.
2

 –1  x  3x  0 
2


33. The range of the function, f (x) = (1 + sec–1x) (1 + cos–1x) is

(A) (– ) (B) (– , 0]  [4, ) (C) {1, (1 + )2} (D) [0, (1 + )2]
Ans. (C)
Sol. f(x) = (1+ sec–1 x) (1 + cos–1x)
Domain :
x  1 or x  –1
-    x  {–1, 1}
–1  x  1 
Range : -
f(–1 ) = (1 + sec–1(– 1)) + (1 + cos–1(– 1)) = (1 + )2
f(1) = (1 + sec–11) (1 + cos–1(1)) = 1
 f(x)  {1, (1 + )2} Ans.
1
34. If x = and (x + 1)(y + 1) = 2 then the radian measure of cot–1x + cot–1y is
2
   3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 3 4 4
Ans. (D)
Sol. (x + 1) (y + 1) = 2
If x = ½, then y = 1/3
1 1
 cot–1x + cot–1y = cot–1 + cot–1
2 3
–1 –1
= tan 2 + tan 3
 23   3
  tan 1      Ans.
 1 2 3  4 4

35. Let cos–1(x) + cos–1(2x) + cos–1(3x) = . If x satisfies the cubic ax3 + bx2 + cx –1 = 0, then
a + b + c has the value equal to
(A) 24 (B) 25 (C) 26 (D) 27
Ans. (C)
Sol. cos–1 (2x) + cos–1(3x) =  – cos–1x
 
 cos1 6x 2  1  4x 2 1  9x 2  cos 1 (– x)

 (6x2 + x)2 = (1 – 4x2) (1 – 9x2)

 12x3 + 14x2 – 1 = 0
a = 12, b = 14, c = 0
 a + b + c = 26 Ans.

 1 1 1 1 a
36. If tan  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  is expressed as a rational in lowest form
 2 3 4 5 b
then (a + b) has the value equal to
(A) 19 (B) 27 (C) 38 (D) 45
Ans. (A)

170
  1 1 1 1
Sol. tan  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1 
 2 3 4 5
    
 1  1/ 2  1/ 3   1/ 4  1/ 5  
 tan  tan   tan 1 
 1 1  1 1 
 1    1   
  2 3   4 5  
  9    1  9 /19  
 tan  tan 1 (1)  tan 1     tan  tan 1  
  19     1  9 /19  
  28   28 14 a
 tan  tan 1      
  10   10 5 b
 a + b = 19 Ans.

37. Let f(x) = ax + b where a > 0 and f is defined from [–1, 1] onto [0, 2] then the value of
cot(cot–1(1) + cot–1(2) + cot–1(3) ) equals
(A) f(–1) (B) f(0) (C) f(1) (D) f(1) – f(0)
Ans. (A)
Sol. f(x) = ax +b ; a > 0 f(x) is  x  [– 1, 1]
 f (1)  0  – a  b  0  a 1
 
& f (1)  2  a  b  2  b 1
f(x) = x + 1

Now, cot cot 1 1  cot 1 2  cot 1 3 
 1 1  
= cot  tan 1 1  tan 1  tan 1   cot  
 2 3 2
= 0 = f(– 1) Ans.

38. Which one of the following quantities is negative ?

(A) cos(tan–1 (tan 4)) (B) sin(cot–1 (cot 4)) (C) tan(cos–1 (cos 5)) (D) cot(sin–1 (sin 4))
Ans. (D)
Sol. (A) cos (tan 1 (tan 4))  cos (4 – )  cos (  4)
= – cos 4 > 0 {4  IIIrd quadrant}
(B) sin (cot–1(cot 4)) = sin(4 – ) = – sin > 0
(C) tan (cos–1(cos 5)) = tan (2 – 5)
=  tan 5 > 0 { 5  IVth quadrant}
(D) cot(sin–1(sin 4)) = cot ( – 4)
= – cot 4 < 0

39. The product of all real values of x satisfying the equation

 2x 2  10 | x | 4   1  2  18 | x |   
sin–1cos  2  = cot  cot     is
 x  5 | x | 3    9 | x |  2
(A) 9 (B) –9 (C) –3 (D) –1
Ans. (A)

171
    2x 2  10 | x | 4     2  18 | x |   
Sol.  cos 1  cos     cot  cot 1   
 2
     2
2   x | x | 3    9 | x |
 2 2 
 2 2  2
2 x  5 | x | 3 9 | x | 2
 |x| – 4|x| + 3 = 0  0  |x| = 1, 3
2

x = ± 1, ± 3
 Product of all values of x = 9 Ans.

40. The least integral value of k for which (k – 2)x2 + 8x + k + 4 > sin–1(sin 12) + cos–1(cos
12) for all x  R, is
(A) –7 (B) –5 (C) –3 (D) 5
Ans. (D)
Sol. (k  2) x 2  8x  k  4  sin 1 sin/ 2   cos 1 (cos/ 2)
 (k  2) x 2  8x  k  4  (12 – 4)  (4 12)
(k – 2)x2 + 8x + k + 4 > 0 ….(1) x  R
case i) k = 2, Put in (1)
 8x + 6 > 0  x > – 3/4 Rejected
case ii) k  2
(k – 2) x2 + 8x + k + 4 > 0  x R
 k–2  0   k–2 
 
64  4(k  2)(k  4)  0  k  4 or k  – 6 
k>4
 Least integral value of k is 5 Ans.

41. If x = cos–1(cos 4) ; y = sin–1(sin 3) then which of the following holds ?

(A) x – y = 1 (B) x + y + 1 = 0 (C) x + 2y = 2 (D) tan(x + y) = – tan 7
Ans. (D)
Sol. x = cos–1(cos 4) = 2 – 4
y = sin–1(sin 3) =  – 3
 x + y = 3 – 7
 tan(x + y) = tan(3 – 7) = – tan 7

42. Find the range of the function f(x) = cot–1 x + sec–1 + cosec–1 x.
  3    3   5 3 
(A)  ,  (B)  ,    , 
2 2  2 4   4 2 
    3      3 
(C)  ,     ,  (D)  ,     , 
2   2  2   2 
Ans. (B)
Sol. f (x)  cot 1 x  sec1 x  cos ec1x
Domain : - x  (– , – 1]  [1, )

 f (x)  cot 1
2
–1
cot x is decreasing function,

172
 
 cot 1 x  cot 1 , cot 1 1  cot 1 (1),cot 1 (– ) 
    3 
 
cot 1 x  cot 1 , cot 1 1  cot 1 (1), cot 1 (– )   0,    ,
 4  4


–1
 f(x) = cot x + /2
   / 2, 3 / 4  5 / 4, 3 / 2  Ans.

1
43. Domain of the function f(x) = is
l n cot 1 x
(A) (cot 1, ) (B) R – {cot 1}
(C) (–, 0) (0, cot 1) (D) (–, cot 1)
Ans. (D)
Sol. domain n (cot–1x) > 0
  cot–1x > 1
 x  (– , cot 1) Ans.

44. Let f(x) = a + b cos–1 x (b > 0). If domain and range of f(x) are the same set then (b – a) is
equal to
1 2 2
(A) 1 – (B) +1 (C) 1 – (D) 2
  
Ans. (B)
Sol. f(x) = a + b cos–1x (b > 0)
Domain : - x  [–1, 1 ]
Range : - 0  cos–1x  
a a + b cos–1x  a + b(b > 0)
Again,  Domain & Range are equal.
 a = – 1 & a + b = 1
2
 b

2
 b – a = + 1 Ans.


45. Let f(x) = sin x + cos x + tan x + arc sin x + arc cos x + arc tan x. If M and m are
maximum and minimum values of f(x) then their arithmetic mean is equal to
   
(A) + cos 1 (B) + sin 1 (C) + tan 1 + cos 1 (D) + tan 1 + sin 1
2 2 4 4
Ans. (A)
Sol. f (x)  sin x  cos x  tan x  sin 1 x  cos 1 x  tan 1 x
Domain : - x  [– 1, 1]
f(x) = sin x + cos x + tan x + /2 + tan–1x
1
f '(x)  cos x  sin x  sec2 x  0
1 1 x2
 f (x) > 0  x [– 1, 1]
 f(x) is increasing  x  [– 1, 1]
 Range  [f(– 1), f(1)]
173
     
   sin1  cos1  tan1   , sin1  cos1  tan1   
 2 4 2 4
   
   sin1  cos1  tan1  , sin1  cos1  tan1   
 4 2 4
  3 
    sin1  cos1  tan1  , sin1  cos1  tan1  
 4 4
 3
2cos1  
Mm 4 4  cos  cos1    Ans.
   
2 2  2

46. The values of x satisfying the inequality [tan–1 x]2 – [tan–1 x] – 2  0 where [] denote
integral part, is
  
(A) [– tan 1, ) (B)  , tan 1 2 (C) [– tan 1, tan 2] (D) none of these
 4 
Ans. (A)
Sol. [tan–1x]2 – [tan–1x] – 2  0
 – 1  [tan–1x] 2
 – 1  [tan–1x] 3
 
But  tan 1 x 
2 2
–1
 – 1  tan x < /2
 x  [– tan 1, )

47. The complete set of values of „a‟ such that the equation (tan–1 x)2 + a (tan–1 x) – cot–1 x =
0 has no real solution is
    3     3    3 
(A)   ,  (B)   ,   (C)  ,  (D)   , 
 4 2  2 2 2 2   4 4
Ans. (B)
 
   
2
Sol. tan 1 x  a tan 1 x –    tan 1 x   0
2 
  
Put tan 1 x  t ; t    , 
 2 2
2
 t 2  (  a) t–  0 ; D  (  a) 2  22  0
2
2
Let f (t)  t 2  (  a) t–
2
 For no real solution

174
 0 ˜ p/2
t
˜ p/2 ˜ p/2

  
f    0 & f    0
 2 2
 
2
2 3
  (  a)  0 a
4 2 2 2
 
2
 2

and  (  a) –  0  a 
4 2 2 2
 3   
 a ,
 2 2 
Ans.

48.  
If A = 2 tan–1 2 2  1 and B = 3 sin–1
1
3
3
+ sin–1 , then
5
7 7 7 7
(A) B < A < (B) <B<A (C) B < <A (D) <A<B
12 12 12 12
Ans. (C)
Sol.  
A  2 tan 1 2 2  1  2 tan 1 (2 1.414  1)
 2 tan 1 (1.828)  2 tan 1 ( 3)
2
A
3
1  1 1 
3
* 3sin 1    sin 1  3.  4   
3  3  3  

1 
3sin 1   
3 3
3  1 
* sin 1    sin 1  
5  2
3 
 sin 1   
5 4
1  3    7
B  3sin 1    sin 1     
 3  5  3 4 12
7
B A
12

175
49. Statement-1 : cot–1(x) – tan–1(x) > 0 for all x < 1.
because
Statement-2 : Graph of cot–1(x) is always above the graph of tan–1(x) for all x < 1.
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT the correct
explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
Ans. (A)
Sol. Statement-I cot–1x + tan–1 x > 0

 – tan–1x – tan–1x > 0
2
 tan–1 x < /4  x < 1
Statement-II
˜ p/2
y = cot–1x ˜ p/2


0
˜ p/2
˜ p/2
˜ p/2 x
0

˜ p/2 ˜ p/2
y = tan–1x

Statement-II is True and it is correct explanation of Statement-I.

50. Consider f(x) = sin–1(sec(tan–1 x)) + cos–1(cosec(cot–1 x))

Statement-1 : Domain of f(x) is a singleton.
because
Statement-2 : Range of the function f(x) is a singleton.
(A) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is correct explanation for
Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true and Statement-2 is NOT the correct
explanation for Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true
Ans. (B)
Sol. f(x) = sin–1(sec (tan–1x)) + cos–1(cosec(cot–1x))
Domain : -
– 1  sec (tan–1x)  1  sec (tan–1x) = 1 or – 1
 tan–1x = 0 or tan–1x = 
 x=0
And
– x  cosec(cot–1x)  1  cosec(cot–1x) = 1 or – 1

176
  cot–1 x = /2 or cot–1x = – /2
x=0
 Domain is x  {0}

 Range = f (0)  sin 1 (sec(tan 1 (0)))  cos1 (cosec(cot 1 (0))) 
2

51. Let x1, x2, x3, x4 be four non zero numbers satisfying the equation
a b c d 
tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 + tan–1 =
x x x x 2
then which of the following relation(s) hold good ?
4 4 4
1
(A)  xi = a + b + c + d (B)  =0 (C)  xi = abcd
i 1 i 1 x i i 1

(D) (x1 + x2 + x3)(x2 + x3 + x4)(x3 + x4 + x1)(x4 + x1 + x2) = abcd

Ans. (B,C,D)
a b c d
Sol. Let tan 1  , tan 1  , tan 1   & tan 1  
a x x x
a b c d
 tan   , tan   , tan   & tan  =
x x x x
  +  +  +  = /2

 tan (      )  tan
2
S1  S3
 
1  S2  S4
 1 – S2 + S4 = 0
 1   tan  tan   tan   tan  tan   tan   0

 1
 ab  abcd  0 x xx1
x2 x4 x xx2
 x    ab  x  abcd  0
4 2 x xx3
x xx4
* x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0
1 1 1 1
*  x 1x 2 x 3  0  x1x 2 x 3x 4       0
non  zero  1
x x 2 x3 x 4 
1
* x1x2x3x4 = abcd   0
x1
(C) is correct (B) is correct
(D) LHS = (x1 + x2 + x3) (x2 + x3 + x4) (x3 + x4 + x1) (x4 + x1 + x2)
= (– x4) (– x1) (– x2) (– x3) { x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0}
= x1x2x3x4 =abcd
(D) is correct

177
 1   14   
52. The value of cos  cos 1  cos      is :
2   5  
 7    2   3 
(A) cos    (B) sin   (C) cos   (D) – cos  
 5   10   5   5 
Ans. (B,C,D)
1   4    1   4   
Sol. cos  cos1  cos  2      cos  cos1  cos    
2   5   2   5  
 1 4   2 
cos    cos  
2 5   5 

53. For the equation 2x = tan(2 tan–1 a) + 2 tan(tan–1 a + tan–1 a3), which of the following is
invalid ?
(A) a2x + 2a = x (B) a2 + 2ax + 1 = 0 (C) a  0 (D) a  –1, 1
Ans. (B,C)
Sol.   
2x  tan 2 tan 1 a  2 tan tan 1 a  tan 1 a 3 
2a a a 3
 2x   2 ;a  1
1 a 2
1 a4
a a 2a
 x  
1 a 1 a
2 2
1 a2
 a2x + 2a = x
 (B, C) are invalid.

54. Which of the following is/are correct ?

(A) cos(cos(cos–1 1)) < sin(sin–1(sin (– 1))) < sin(cos–1(cos (2 – 2)))
(B) cos(cos(cos–1 1)) < sin(cos–1(cos(– 2))) < sin(sin–1(sin( – 1))) < tan(cot–1(cot 1))
5000 2500
(C)  cos–1(cos(2t – 1)) =  cot–1(cot (t + 2 )) where t  I
t 1 t 1
(D) cot–1 cot cosec–1 cosec sec–1 sec tan tan–1 cos cos–1 sin–1 sin 4 = 4 – 
Ans. (A,C,D)
Sol. * cos(cos(cos–1(1))) = cos 1
* sin(sin–1( – 1))) = sin(sin–1(sin 1)) = sin 1
* sin(cos–1(cos)(2 – 2))) = sin(cos–1(cos 2)) = sin 2
* tan(cot–1(cot 1)) = tan 1
Now, it is easy to compare.
 cos 1 < sin 1 < sin 2 < tan 1  (A) is correct
5000 2500
(C)  cos1 (cos(2 t   1))   cot 1 (cot(t   2))
t 1 t 1
5000 2500
  cos1 (cos1)   cot 1 (cot 2) ; t  I
t 1 t 1
5000 2500
 1  2  5000 = 5000
t 1 t 1

 (C) is correct.
178
 (D) LHS = cot–1cot cosec–1cosec sec–1 sec tan tan–1 cos cos–1 sin–1 sin 4
= cot–1cot cosec–1cosec sec–1 sec tan tan–1 cos cos–1 ( – 4)
= cot–1cot cosec–1cosec sec–1 sec tan tan–1 (4 – )
= cot–1cot cosec–1cosec sec–1 sec (4 – )
= cot–1cot cosec–1cosec (4 – )
= cot–1cot (4 – )
= 4 –   (D) is correct

55. 2tan(tan–1 (x) + tan–1(x3)) where x  R – {–1, 1} is equal to

2x
(A) (B) tan(2 tan–1 x)
1 x 2

(C) tan(cot–1(–x) – cot–1(x)) (D) tan(2 cot–1 x)

Ans. (A,B,C)
  x  x3 
Sol.  
2 tan tan 1 x  tan 1 x 3  2 tan  tan 1  4 
  1  x 
2x
  (A) is correct.
1 x2
 2x 
(B)  
tan 2 tan 1 x  tan  tan 1

2 

1 x  1 x2
2x
 (B) is correct

  
(C)  
tan 2 tan 1 x  tan  2   cot 1 x  
 2 

= tan   2cot 1x 
 tan    cot x  cot x 
1 1

 tan  cot ( x) – cot x   (C) is correct.

1 1


56. If the equation sin–1(x2 + x + 1) + cos–1(ax + 1) = has exactly two distinct solutions then
2
a can not have the integral value
(A) –1 (B) 0 (C) 1 (D) 2
Ans. (A,C,D)

Sol. sin 1 (x 2  x  1)  cos 1 (ax  1) 
2
 x + x + 1 = ax + 1
2

 x2 + x(1 – a) = 0
 x(x + 1 – a) = 0  x = 0 or x = a – 1
(A) a=–1x=–2

 sin 1 (4  2  1)  cos 1 (2  1) 
2

 sin–13 + cos–13 =
2
Not defined  a  – 1
(B) a=0 x=–1

179
 
 sin 1 (1)  cos 1 (1)   a=0
2
(C) a=1x=0
then the given equation has exactly one solution
  a1
(D) a=2x=1

 sin 1 (3)  cos 1 (3) 
2
Not defined  a 2

  2 
57. Let f :   ,  — [0, 4] be a function defined as f(x) = sin x – cos x + 2 then f–1(x) is
 3 3
given by
 x2   x2 
(A) sin–1   (B) sin–1  
 2  6  2  6
2  x2   x2
(C) – cos–1   (D) – cos–1  
3  2  3  2 
Ans. (B,C)
  2 
Sol. f (x)  3 sin x  cos x  2 :  ,  [0, 4]
 3 3 
 3 1 
 f (x)  2  sin x  cos x   2
 2 2 
   2
 f (x)  2sin  x –   2 ; x 
 6 3 3
 – 
 f (x)  [ 2  2, 2  2] ;  
2 6 2
f(x )  [0, 4] = co-domain
 f(x) is Bijective.
  Let f(x) = 2sin (x – /6) + 2 = y
 y2 
 x  sin 1  
 2  6
 x2 
 f 1 (x)  sin 1     (B)
 2  6
  x2 
  cos 1  
2  2  6
2  x2
f 1 (x)   cos 1   C
3  2 

180
 [MATCH THE COLUMN]
Q.58 to Q.63 is “Match the Column” type. Column-I and column-II contains four entries
each. Entry of column-I are to be matched with one or more than one entries of column-II.
58. Column-I Column-II
(A) cot  tan  37 
1
(P) 143°
(B) cos1  cos  233  (Q) 127°
1  1  3
(C) sin  cos 1    (R)
2  9  4
1  1  2
(D) cos  arc cos    (S)
2  8  3
Ans. ((A)  Q (B)  Q (C)  S (D) R)
Sol. (A) cot 1 (tan (–37))  cot 1 (cot (90  37))  127
(B) cos1 (cos (– 233))  cos 1 (cos (233))
= cos–1(cos (360° – 127°))
= cos–1(cos 127°) = 127°
1  1  1 1
(C) sin  cos 1    ; Let cos 1    cos  
2  9  9 9
 1 
= sin cos    1  2sin 2
2 9 2
2  4
  sin 2 
3 2 9

0 9
0

0 
0 1
1  1  1
(D) cos  cos 1    ; Let cos 1    
2  8  8
 1 
= cos  cos    2cos 2  1
2 8 2
3  9
  cos 2 
4 2 16
59. Column-I Column-II
(A) Number of integral values of x satisfying the equation (P) 0
tan–1(3x) + tan–1(5x) = tan–1(7x) + tan–1(2x), is
(B) Number of integral values of „x‟ satisfying the equation (Q) 1
| x  1|
2
= x, is
x2
(C) The equation (x – 2)4 – (x – 2) = 0 and x2 – kx + k = 0 (R) 2
have two roots in common, then the value of k is
(D) Minimum value of the function (S) 3
f(x) = (1 + sin x)(1 + cos x) x  R, is

181
Ans. ((A)  Q (B)  P (C)  S (D) P)
Sol. (A) tan–1(3x) – tan–1(2x) = tan–1(7x) – tan–1(5x)
 3x  2x   7x  5x 
 tan 1  2 
 tan 1  2 
 1  6x   1  35x 
x 2x 1
   x  0 or x  
1  6x 2
1  35x 2
23
 Only integral value of x is 0
| x 2  1|
(B) 0; x  2
x2
case i) x (– , – 1]  [1, )
 x2 – 1 = x(x – 2)  2x = 1  x = 1/2 (Rejected)
case ii) x  (– 1, 1)
– (x2 – 1) = x(x –2)
 2x2 – 2x – 1 = 0
x = 1  3 or x  1  3
Rejected)
 No integral solution
4
(C) (x – 2) – (x – 2) = 0
 (x – 2) [(x – 2)3 – 1] = 0
 (x – 2) [(x – 2 – 1) ((x – 2)2 + 1 + (x – 2))] = 0
(x – 2) (x – 3) (x2 – 3x + 3) = 0
 (x – 2) (x – 3) (x2 – 3x + 3) = 0 and x2 – 3x + 3 = 0
have two roots common  k = 3
(D) f(x) = (1 + sin x) (1 + cos x)
Let y = 1 + sin x + cos x +sin x cos x
Put sin x + cos x = t   – 2, 2 
t 2 1
Square,  sin x  cos x 
2
t 1
2
 y  1 t 
2
1 1
=  t 2  2t  1  (t  1)2
2 2
 – 2  t  2  – 2 1  t 1  2 1

 
2
 0  (t +1)2  1  2
(t  1)2 3  2 2
 0 
2 2
 Minimum value of y = f(x) = 0 Ans.

60. Column-I Column-II

(A) The number of possible values of k if fundamental period of (P) 1
sin–1(sin kx) is /2 is
(B) Number of elements in the domain of (Q) 2
f(x) = tan–1x + sin–1x + sec–1x is
182
  x   x 
(C) Period of the function f(x) = sin   . cos   is (R) 3
 2   2 
(D) –1
If the range of the function f(x) = cos [5x] is {a, b, c} (S) 4

and a + b + c = , then  is equal to
2
(where [.] denotes greatest integer)

Ans. ((A)  Q (B)  Q (C)  Q (D) R)

Sol. (A) y = sin–1(sin kx)
2 
Period =  
|k| 2
|k|=4k=±4
i.e. 2 values of x are possible.
(B) f (x)  tan 1 x  sin 1 x  sec1 x
Domain : - (x  R)  (x  [–1, 1])  (x  1 or x  1)
 (x  R)  (x  [–1, 1] )  (x  1 or x  – 1)
 x {– 1, 1}
 x   x  1
(C) f (x)  sin    cos    sin x
 2   2  2
2
 Period = 2

(D) f(x) = cos–1([5x])
Domain : - – 1  [5x] 1
[5x] can take the value – 1, 0, 1
 Range {cos–1(– 1), cos–1(0), cos–1(1) }
  
, , 0 
 2 
3
 a+b+c=
2

61. Column-I Column-II

1 3
(A) If function f(x) is defined in [–2, 2], then domain of f(|x| + 1) is (P)  , 
4 4
sin 1 x  cos1 x  tan 1 x
(B) Range of the function f(x) = is (Q) [–1, 1]

(C) Range of the function f(x) = 3 |sin x| – 4 |cos x| is (R) [–4, 3]

  
(D) Range of f(x) = (sin–1 x) sin x is (S) 0, sin1
 2 

Ans. ((A)  Q (B)  P (C)  R (D) S)

183
Sol. (A) Domain of f(x) is n [2, 2]
 Domain of f  x  1 is 2  x  1  2  3  x  1
 x [1,1]
sin x  cos 1 x  tan 1 x
1
(B) f (x)  ; Domain : x [1,1]


 tan 1 x
 2

   
24 24
 Range =  f (1), f (1)   , 
   
 
1 3
 , 
4 4
(C) f (x)  3 sin x  4 cos x
0 0


 f (x)max.  4 cos x is min  cos x  0  x 
2

 f (x) max.  3 sin
0  3
2
 f (x)min.  4 cos x is max  cos x  1  x  0
 f (x)min  3  0  4  4
 Range = [4,3]
(D) f (x)   sin 1 x   sin x  ; Domain : x [1,1]

  sin 1 x   cos x  0  x  0
sin x
f '(x) 
1 x 2

 
 f (0)  0, f (1)  sin1, f (1)  sin1
2 2
  
 Range = 0, sin1
 2 

62. Column-I Column-II

(A) f(x) = eln[1 + {x}] (P) Range consists of only one natural
(B) g(x) = sin–1(sin x) (Q) Periodic
(C) h(x) = e–|x| (R) Domain is x (–, )
1
(D) k(x) = tan–1 [x]  [x]  2  [x]  (S) Symmetric about y-axis
x2
Ans. ((A)  PQRS (B)  PQR (C)  PRS (D) PS)
Sol. (A) f (x)  e n[1{x}] ; {x} [0,1)
 f (x)  e n1  1  {x} [1, 2)
 e0  [1  {x}]  1

184
 f (x)  1
(B) g(x)  sin 1 (sin x)
Domain : x  R
  
Range    ,   Only one natural no. i.e.1
 2 2
Periodic with period 2
˜ p/2
˜ p/2 y
˜ p/2
1 Aperiodic.

0 ˜ p/2
˜ p/2 x
0
x
(C) h(x)  e
1
(D) k(x)  tan 1 [x]  [x]  2  x 
x2
[x]  [ x]  0   x  I 
 
Domain :- 2  x  0   x  2  n  x {2, 1,1, 2}
x0 
x 0 
1 
 Range = {f (2), f (1)}   , 2 
4 
k(x) is an even function.

x
63. Let : f : R  [), f(x) = x2 + 3ax + b, g(x) = sin–1 ( R).
4
Column-I Column-II
(A) The possible integral values of „a‟ for which f(x) is many one in (P) –2
interval [–3, 5] is/are
(B) Let a = –1 and gof(x) is defined for x  [–1, 1] then possible (Q) –1
integral values of b can be
(C) Let a = 2,  = – 8 the value(s) of b for which f(x) is surjective is/are (R) 0
(D) If a = 1, b = 2, then integers in the range of fog(x) is/are (S) 1
Ans. ((A)  PQRS (B)  PQR (C)  S (D) RS)
Sol. f (x)  x 2  3ax  b;R  [, )
x
g(x)  sin 1
4
(A) for f(x) to be many one in  3,5 ,
x-coordinate of vertex lies b/w (–3,5)
3a 10
 3  5 a2
2 3
 Possible integral values of „a‟ are 3, 2, 1, 0,1
x
(B) a  1  f (x)  x 2  3x  b;g(x)  sin 1  
4

185
  x 2  3x  b 
y  g(f (x))  sin 1    Domain :-
 4 
x  3x  b
2
x 2  3x  b
Let h(x)  1  1
4 4
Domain of g(f (x)) is x [1,1]
 1  h(1)  1 & 1  h(1)  1
1 3  b 1 3  b
 1   1 & 1  1
4 4
 8  b  0 &  2  b  6
 b [2, 0]
 Possible integral values of „b‟ are 2, 1, 0
(C) a  2,   8
f (x)  x 2  6x  b;R  [8, )
 f (x)  (x  3)  b  9
2

0

 Range  [b  9, )
 For f(x) to be surjective (onto)
Range = Co-domain
 b  9  8  b  1
(D) a  1, b  2
x
 f (x)  x 2  3x  2, g(x)  sin 1  
4
2
 x  x
 y  f  g(x)    sin 1   3  sin 1   2
 4  4
x   
Put sin 1  t; t    , 
4  2 2
2
 3 9
 y  t 2  3t  2   t     2
 2 4
 
2
 3 1
 t    ; t
 2 4 2 2
 1    3  1 
2
 3 3  3
  ,     t  
 4  2  4  2 2 2 2 2

 3  3
2 2

 Range of f (g(x)) 0  t     
 2  2 
 1 (  3) 2  1 
is   , 
 4 4 


186
 EXERCISE–IV

  x 
1. The domain of sin 1 log3    is [AIEEE 2002]
  3 
(A) [1, 9] (B) [–1, 9] (C) [–9, 1] (D) [–9, –1]

Ans. (A)
Sol. Domain:-
x 
 x0

0  x0

3   
x     3  1  x  9
1 x
1  log 3  1 3 3 

3 
 x [1,9]

2. cot 1  cos    tan 1  cos    x , then sin x = [AIEEE 2002]

  

(A) tan   (B) cot   (D) cot  
2 2
(C) tan 
2 2 2
Ans. (A)

Sol. cot 1  cos    tan 1  cos    x

 1 
 tan 1    tan  cos    x
1

 cos  
 1 
  cos  
 tan 1  cos  x
1  1  cos  
 cos  

1  cos 
 tan x 
2 cos 

1  cos  2sin 2  / 2
 sin x  
1  cos  2cos2  / 2
 
sin x  tan 2
2

3. The trigonometric equation sin–1 x = 2sin–1 a has a solution for [AIEEE 2003]
1 1 1
(A) | a |  (B) |a| (C) All real values of a (D) | a |  1
2 2 2 2
Ans. (None)

187
Sol. sin 1 x  2sin 1 a
 
 sin 1 x 
2 2
   
  2sin 1 a    sin 1 a 
2 2 4 4
 1 1 
 a , 
 2 2

 2x 
4. Let f : (–1, 1)  B, be a function defined by f ( x)  tan 1   , then f is both one-one and
 1  x2 
onto when B is interval [AIEEE 2005]
       
(A) (x  3)x 
(B)  0, (C)   ,  (D)   , 
 2  2 2  2 2
Ans. (D)
 2x 
Sol. f ( x)  tan 1   : (1,1)  B
 1  x2 
   
 y  tan 1  tan 2  Put x  tan  :    , 
 4 4
 y  2 ;

 2 
  x  ( 1, 1)
2 2
 y  2 tan 1 x
 f ( x)  2 tan 1 x ; x  (1,1)
     
Range   2  , 2      , 
 4 4  2 2
 f(x) to be onto, Range = Co-domain(B)
   
B , 
 2 2

5. If cos 1 x  cos 1 y   , then 4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 [AIEEE 2005]

2
(A) 2 sin 2 (B) 4 (C) 4 sin2  (D) –4 sin2 
Ans. (C)
y
Sol. cos 1 x  cos 1 
2
 y y2 
 cos 1  x   1  x 2 1   
 2 4 
xy y2
 cos    1  x2 1 
2 4
x2 y 2 y 2 2 x2 y 2
Square, cos    xy cos   1   x 
2

4 4 4
 4 x2  4 xy  y 2  4 1  cos2    4sin 2 

188
   
6. The largest interval lying in   ,  for which the function,
 2 2
x 
f (x)  4 x  cos 1   1 log (cos x) , is defined, is
2
[AIEEE 2007]
2 
    
(A)   ,  (B) 0, 
 4 2  2
  
(C) [0, ] (D)   , 
 2 2
Ans. (B)
x     
f (x)  4 x  cos 1   1  log  cos x  ; x   , 
2
Sol.
2   2 2
Domain :-
x
 1   1  1 and cos x  0
2

 
 0x4 and x
2 2
 
 x  0, 
 2

x 5 
7. If sin 1    cosec1    , then the values of x is [AIEEE 2007]
5 4 2
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 1 (D) 3
Ans. (D)
x 5 
Sol. sin 1    cos ec1   
5 4 2
x  3 
 sin 1    cos 1   
5 5 2
 
  x 3
5 5
 1 5 2
8. The value of cot  cosec  tan 1  is [AIEEE 2009]
 3 3
(A) 6 (B) 3
17 17
(C) 4 (D) 5
17 17
Ans. (A)
 5 2
Sol. cot  cosec1  tan 1 
 3 3
 3 2
 cot  tan 1  tan 1 
 4 3

189
   3 2 
 1  4  3    1  17  
 cot  tan     cot  tan   
 3 2
 1       6 
  4 3 
  6  6
 cot  cot 1    
  17   17

9. If x, y, z are in A.P. and tan–1 x, tan–1 y and tan–1 z are also in A.P., then [JEE-Main 2013]
(A) 6x = 4y = 3z (B) x = y = z (C) 2x = 3y = 6z (D) 6x = 3y = 2z
Ans. (B)
Sol. x, y, z are in A.P.  zy  x  z
Also, tan 1 x, tan 1 y, tan 1 z are in A.P.
 2 tan 1 y  tan 1 x  tan 1 z
 2y   xz 
 tan 1  2 
 tan 1  
 1 y   1  xz 
xz xz
   y2  xz
1  y 1  xz
2

 x, y, z are in G.P.
 x, y, z are in A.P. as well in G.P., then
xyz

 2x  1
10. Let tan–1 y = tan–1 x + tan–1   where |x| < . Then a value of y is
 1 x2  3
[JEE-Main 2015]
3x  x 3 3x  x 3 3x  x 3 3x  x 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2

Ans. (B)
 2x  1 1
Sol. tan 1 y  tan1 x  tan 1  2 
, x
 1 x  3 3
  
Put x  tan   tan    , 
 6 6
   
 tan 1 y  tan 1 (tan )  tan 1 (tan 2) ; 2  , 
 3 3
   2
 3  y  tan 3
3tan   tan 3 
y
1  3tan 2 
3x  x 3
y
1  3x 2

190
  2   3   3
11. If cos 1    cos 1    ; x  then x is equal to :
 3x   4x  2 4
[JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-1)]

145 145 146 145

(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 10 12 11
Ans. (A)
2 3 4 9  
Sol. cos 1    1 2  1 
 3x 4x 9x 16x 2  2

1 9x 2  4  16x 2  9
 
2x 2 12x 2
 6  9x 2  4  16x 2  9
Square,
 36  144x 4  81x 2  64x 2  36
 144x 4  145x 2
145
 x  0, x  
12
3 145
x   x 
4 12

12. If x = sin–1(sin10) and y = cos–1(cos10), then y – x is equal to :-

[JEE Main 2019 (09-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A)  (B) 7 (C) 0 (D) 

Ans. (D)
Sol. x  sin 1 (sin10)  3  10

x  cos1 (cos10)  4  10
 y  x  (4  10)  (3  10)  

 19  n 
The value of cot   cot 1   2p   is :
1
13.
 n 1 
  p 1 
[JEE Main 2019 (10-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 19 (B) 23 (C) 22 (D) 21
21 22 23 19
Ans. (D)
 19  n 
Sol. cot   cot 1 1   2p  
 n 1 
  p 1  
 19  n(n  1)  
 cot   cot 1 1  2  
 n 1  2  

191
  19  (n  1)  n  
 cot   tan 1  
 n 1  1  n(n  1)  
 19 
 cot    tan 1 (n  1)  tan 1 n  
 n 1 
  20  1  
 cot  tan 1 (20)  tan 1 1  cot  tan 1  
  1  20  
  21   21
 cot  cot 1    
  19   19

   
2
14. All x satisfying the inequality cot 1 x  7 cot 1 x  10  0 , lie in the interval:
[JEE Main 2019 (11-01-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) (– , cot5)  (cot4, cot2) (B) (cot5, cot4)
(C) (– , cot5)  (cot2, ) (D) (cot2, )
Ans. (D)
Sol.  cot 1 x 2  7  cot 1 x   10  0
  cot 1 x  2 cot 1 x  5  0;cot 1 x  (0,  )
 0  cot 1 x  2
 cot 2  x  

15. Considering only the principal values of inverse functions, the set
 
A   x  0 : tan 1 (2x)  tan 1(3x)   [JEE Main 2019 (12-01-2019-Shift-1)]
 4
(A) contains two elements (B) contains more than two elements
(C) is a singleton (D) is an empty set
Ans. (C)

Sol. tan–12x + tan–13x =
4
 2x  3x  
tan1  2 
=
 1  6x  4
1
 6x2 + 5x – 1 = 0  x = ,x=–1
6
 No. of element = one

3 1 
16. If   cos1   ,   tan 1   , where 0  ,   , then  –  is equal to :
5  3 2
[JEE Main 2019 (08-04-2019-Shift-1)]

 9  9
(A) sin 1   (B) tan 1  
 5 10   14 
 9   9 
(C) cos 1   (D) tan 1  
 5 10   5 10 
192
Ans. (A)
3 4
Sol.   cos1    tan 1  
5 3
4 1
    tan 1    tan 1  
3  3
 4 1 
 33 
1 9
 tan    tan 1  
 1 4  1   13 
 3 3
 9  1  9 
 sin 1    sin  
 81  169   5 10 

y y
17. If cos-1 x  cos-1 = , where – 1  2y 2, x  , then for all x, y, 4x2 4xy cos  + y2 is
2 2
equal to : [JEE Main 2019 (10-04-2019-Shift-2)]
(A) 2sin2  (B) 4sin  2x y
2 2 2
(C) 4cos  +2x2y2
2
(D) 4sin2 
Ans. (D)
 xy y2 
Sol. cos1   1  x2 1  
 2 4 

1  x2 4  y2  2 cos  – xy

(1 –x2)(4 – y2)= 4 cos2   x2y2 – 4xy cos 

 4x2 – 4xy cosy + y2 = 4sin2

 12   3
18. The value of sin 1    sin 1   is equal to : [JEE Main 2019 (12-04-2019-Shift-1)]
 13  5
 33   63 
(A)   cos 1   (B)   sin 1  
 65   65 
  56    9 
(C)  sin 1   (D)  cos 1  
2  65  2  65 
Ans. (C)
 12 3 
1 12 1 3
 5 –4   48  15   56
Sol. tan  tan 1
= tan   = tan 1   = – sin 1
5 4  1  12 . 3   20  36  2 65
 5 4

 4 5 16 
19. 2   sin 1  sin 1  sin 1  is equal to:
 5 13 65 
[JEE Main 2020 (03-09-2020-Shift-1)]

5 3 7 
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 4 2
Ans. (B)

193
  4 5 16 
Sol. 2   sin 1  sin 1  sin 1 
 5 13 65 
 4 5  
 1  3  12  16 
 2   tan    tan 1 
 20 63 
 1 
  36  
  63  16 
 2   tan 1    tan 1 
  16  63 
 63 16   3
 2   tan 1  cot 1   2  
 16 63  2 2

20. If S is the sum of the first 10 terms of the series [JEE Main 2020 (05-09-2020-Shift-1)]
1 1 1  1
tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    tan 1    .....,
3 7  13   21 
then tan(S) is equal to :
5 5 6 10
(A) (B) (C)  (D)
11 6 5 11
Ans. (B)
1 1 1
Sol. S  tan 1  tan 1  tan 1  ..... upto 10 terms
3 7 13

 2 1  1  3  2  1  11  10 
 S  tan 1    tan    ....  tan  
 1  1.2   1  2.3   1  11.10 

  tan 1 2  tan 1 1   tan 1 3  tan 1 2   ...   tan 1 11  tan 1 10 

 11  1  1  5 
 tan 1 11  tan 1 1  tan 1    tan  
 1  11.1  6

5
 tan(s) 
6

n  1 
21. lim tan  tan –1    is equal to ____. [JEE Main 2021 (24-02-2021-Shift-1)]
 1  r  r 
2
n 
 r 1

Ans. (1)
 n  1 
Sol. lim tan   tan–1  
n
 r 1  1  r (r  1) 

 n  r  1– r  
 lim tan   tan–1  
n 
 r 1  1  r (r  1)  

 n

 tan  lim   tan–1(r  1) – tan–1(r) 
 n
r 1 

194
    
 tan  lim  tan–1 (n  1) –  
 n
 4 

 
 tan    1
 4

1 63 
22. A possible value of tan  sin –1  is : [JEE Main 2021 (24-02-2021-Shift-2)]
4 8 

1 1
(A) (B) 2 2 –1 (C) 7 –1 (D)
7 2 2
Ans. (A)

1 63
Sol. Let sin–1 
4 8

63
sin 4 
8

1
cos 4 
8

1
2cos2 2 – 1 
8

9
cos2 2 
16

3
cos 2 
4

3
2cos2  – 1 
4

7
cos2  
8

7
cos  
2 2

1
tan  
7

  4 
23. cosec  2cot 1 (5)  cos 1    is equal to : [JEE Main 2021 (25-02-2021-Shift-2)]
  5 
56 65 65 75
(A) (B) (C) (D)
33 56 33 56
Ans. (B)
  1  3 
Sol. cosec 2tan1    tan1   
  5   4 

195
   5  3 
cosec  tan1    tan1   
  12   4 

  56   65
 cosec  tan1    
  33   56

sin 1 x cos 1 x tan 1 y  c 

24. If   ;0  x  1 , then the value of cos   is :
a b c ab
[JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-1)]
1 y 2
1  y2 1  y2
(A) (B) 1 – y2 (C) (D)
y y 1  y2 2y
Ans. (C)
sin1 x cos1 x tan1 y
Sol.  a,  b, c
r r r

So, ab 
2r
 
 c    tan1 y 
cos   cos 
 a  b   
 r 
 2r 
–1 –1
= cos(2tan y), let tan y = 
= cos(2)
1  tan2  1  y 2
 
1  tan2  1  y 2


25. If 0 < a, b < 1, and tan1 a  tan1 b  , then the value of
4
 a 2  b 2   a 3  b3   a 4  b 4 
(a  b)       ... is :
 2   3   4 
[JEE Main 2021 (26-02-2021-Shift-2)]
e
(A) loge2 (B) e2 – 1 (C) e (D) log e  
2
Ans. (A)

Sol. tan1 a  tan1 b  0 < a, b < 1
4

ab
 1
1  ab

a + b = 1 – ab
(a + 1)(b + 1) = 2
 a2 a3   b2 b3 
Now a    ...  b    ...
 2 3   2 3 

196
 = loge(1 + a) + loge(1 + b)

( expansion of loge(1 + x))

= loge[(1 + a)(1 + b)]

= loge2

k
 6r 
26. Let Sk   tan 1  2r 1 2r 1  . Then lim Sk is equal to:
r 1  2 3  k 

[JEE Main 2021 (16-03-2021-Shift-1)]

3  3
(A) tan 1   (B) (C) cot 1   (D) tan–1(3)
2 2 2
Ans. (C)
k
 6r 
Sol. Sk   tan1  2r 1 2r 1 
r 1  2  3 
2r
Divided by 3
  2
r

k  
 3 
=  tan1  
r 1   2 2r

   .2  3 
 3 

 r 
  2 
 3 
1  
k
=  tan 
r 1   2  2r 1  
3  1 
   3   
r
 2
Let    t
 3

 t 
k
 3 
=  tan  1
2 
r 1
 1 t2 
 3 
 2t 
t
k
 3 
=  tan  1
2t 
r 1
 1  t. 
 3
 2t 
=   tan1(t)  tan1   
k

r 1   3 
k    2
r
  2
r 1

=   tan1    tan1   
r 1   3  3 
k 1
2 2
Sk  tan1    tan1  
3 3

197
   2  2 
k 1

S  lim  tan1    tan1   

k 
  3  3 

 2
 tan1    tan1(0)
 3

 2  3
 S  tan1    cot 1  
 3  2

27. Given that the inverse trigonometric functions take principal values only. Then, the number of
 3x   4x 
real values of x which satisfy sin 1    sin 1    sin 1x is equal to :
 5   5 
[JEE Main 2021 (16-03-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) 3 (D) 0

Ans. (C)
3x 4x
Sol. sin1  sin1  sin1 x
5 5
 3x 16x 2 4x 9x 2 
sin1  1  1 1
  sin x
 5 25 5 25 

3x 16x 2 4x 9x 2
1  1 x
5 25 5 25

x  0,3 25  16x2  4 25  9x 2  25

4 25  9x2  25  3 25  16x2 squaring we get

16(25  9x 2 )  625  9(25  16x 2 )  150 25  16x 2

400  625  225  150 25  16x2

25  16x2  3  25  16x2  9
2
x =1
Put x = 0, 1, –1 in the original equation
We see that all values satisfy the original equation.
Number of solution = 3

28. If cot–1(a) = cot–1 2 + cot–1 8 + cot–1 18 + cot–1 32 + ..... upto 100 terms, then  is :
[JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-1)]

(A) 1.01 (B) 1.00 (C) 1.02 (D) 1.03

Ans. (A)
–1 –1 –1 –1
Sol. cot () = cot (2) + cot (8) + cot (18)+.....

198
 100
 2 
  tan1  2 
n 1  4n 

100
 (2n  1)  (2n  1) 
  tan1 
n 1  1  (2n  1)(2n  1) 

100
  tan1(2n  1)  tan1(2n  1)
n 1

–1 –1
= tan 201 – tan 1

 200 
 tan1 
 202 

 202 
 cot 1( )  cot 1 
 200 

 = 1.01

 1  1  8 
29. The sum of possible values of x for tan 1 (x  1)  cot 1    tan   is :
 x 1   31 
[JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-1)]
32 31 30 33
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
4 4 4 4
Ans. (A)
 1  8
Sol. tan1(x  1)  cot 1   tan1
 x  1 31

Taking tangent both sides :-

(x  1)  (x  1) 8

1  (x 2  1) 31

2x 8
 
2 x 2
31
2
 4x + 31x – 8 = 0
1
 x  8,
4

1
But, if x 
4

   1   
tan1(x  1)   0,  & cot 1   ,
 2  x  1  2 

 
 LHS  & RHS 
2 2

(Not possible)
Hence, x = – 8

199
  1  2
30. The number of solutions of the equation sin 1  x 2    cos 1  x 2    x 2 , for x  [–1, 1],
 3  3
and [x] denotes the greatest integer less than or equal to x, is :
[JEE Main 2021 (17-03-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 2 (B) 0 (C) 4 (D) Infinite
Ans. (B)
Sol. Given equation
 1  2
sin 1  x 2    cos 1  x 2    x 2
 3  3
 1
Now, sin 1  x 2   is defined if
 3
1 4 5
1  x2   2  x2 
3 3 3

5
 0  x2 
3
....(1)

 2
and cos 1  x 2   is defined if
 3
2 1 8
1  x2  2  x2 
3 3 3

8
 0  x2 
3 ....(2)
So, form (1) and (2) we can conclude
5
0  x2 
3

2
Case - I if 0  x 2 
3
sin–1 (0) + cos–1(–1) = x2
 x +  = x2
 x2 = 
 2
But x  0, 
 3
 No value of ‘x’
2 5
Case - II if  x2 
3 3
sin–1 (1) + cos–1 (0) = x2
 
   x2
2 2
   x2

but    2 , 5 
 3 3 

200
 No value of ‘x’
So, number of solutions of the equation is zero.

31. The number of real roots of the equation tan –1 x(x  1)  sin –1 x 2  x  1  is :
4
[JEE Main 2021 (20-07-2021-Shift-1)]
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 0 (D) 2
Ans. (C)

Sol. tan –1 x(x  1)  sin –1 x 2  x  1 
4

as x2 + x  0 x2 + x + 1  1

But x2 + x + 1  1
So, x2 + x = 0

x = 0 , – 1
 x = 0, –1 does not satisfies the original equation
 no solution

 3  5 
32. The value of tan  2 tan 1    sin 1    is equal to :
 5  13  
[JEE Main 2021 (20-07-2021-Shift-2)]
181 220 151 291
(A) (B) (C) (D)
69 21 63 76
Ans. (B)

 6 
 –1 5 –1 5

Sol. tan  tan  tan 
 9 12 
1–
 25 

15 5

 –1  15   5  220
tan  tan    tan –1     8 12 
 8  12   1 – 15 . 5 21
8 12

cos –1 x 2 – x  1
33. If the domain of the function  x   is the interval (,], then  + is equal
 2x –1 
sin –1  
 2 
to:
[JEE Main 2021 (22-07-2021-Shift-2)]
3 1
(A) 2 (B) (C) (D) 1
2 2
Ans. (B)

201
 2x –1
Sol. 0  x2 – x + 1  1 and 0< 1
2
 x (x – 1) 0 & 1 < 2x 3
 1 3
  x x   ,  
 2 2
1 
  x   ,1 
2 
1 3
 Hence + 1 =
2 2
  1 x  
34. Let f  x   cos  2 tan 1 sin  cot 1   , 0 < x < 1. Then:
 x
  
[JEE Main 2021 (26-08-2021-Shift-1)]

(A) 1  x  f   x   2  f  x    0 (B) 1  x  f   x   2  f  x    0
2 2 2 2

(C) 1  x  f   x   2  f  x    0 (D) 1  x  f   x   2  f  x    0
2 2 2 2

Ans. (A)
Sol. Put x  sin 2  , 0 < x < 1
sin   x
  1  sin 2   
 f  x   cos  2 tan 1 sin  cot 1 
  sin 2
 
  
 f  x   cos  2 tan 1  sin  

 x
2
1
 f  x   cos 2 tan 1 x 
1  x 
2

1 x
 f x 
1 x

 f x 
1  x  1  1  x  1  2
1  x  1  x 
2 2

1  x  f   x   2  f  x  
2
 0 option (A) satisfied.
2

50
1
35. If  tan
r 1
1

2r 2
 p , then the value of tan P is:

[JEE Main 2021 (26-08-2021-Shift-2)]

101 50
(A) (B)
102 51
51
(C) 100 (D)
50
202
Ans. (B)
 1   2 
Sol. tan 1  2   tan 1  2 
 2r   4r 
 2 
 tan 1  
 1  4r  1 
2

 2 
 tan 1  
 1   2r  1 2r  1 
  2r  1   2r  1 
 tan 1  
 1   2r  1 2r  1 
 tan 1  2r  1  tan 1  2r  1
50
 1 
 tan
r 1
1
 2   tan  3  tan 1
 2r 
1 1

 tan 1  5  tan 1  3
 tan 1  7   tan 1  5

 tan 1 101  tan 1  99 

= tan 1 101  tan 1 1
 101  1 
 tan 1  
 1  101 
 100 
 tan 1  P
 102 
100 50
So, tan P  
102 51

If  sin 1 x    cos 1 x   a ; 0 < x < 1, a  0 , then the value of 2x 2  1 is:

2 2
36.
[JEE Main 2021 (27-08-2021-Shift-1)]

 4a   2a 
(A) cos   (B) sin  
   
 2a   4a 
(C) cos   (D) sin  
   
Ans. (B)
Sol. Given a   sin 1 x    cos 1 x 
2 2

  sin 1x  cos1 x  sin 1 x  cos1 x 

  1 
   2cos x 
22 

203
  2a
 2cos 1 x  
2 
 2a
 cos1  2x 2  1  
2 
  2a 
 2x 2  1  cos   
2  

37. Let M and m respectively be the maximum and minimum values of the function
 
f  x   tan 1  sin x  cos x  in 0,  . Then the value of tan  M  m  is equal to:
 2
[JEE Main 2021 (27-08-2021-Shift-2)]

(A) 2  3 (B) 3  2 2
(C) 3  2 2 (D) 2  3
Ans. (B)
Sol. f  x   tan 1  sin x  cos x 
 
1  sin x  cos x  2 , x  0, 
 2
M  tan 1  2  , m  tan 1
1
 2 1 
M  m  tan 1  1
  tan 3  2 2  
 1 2 
tan  M  m   3  2 2

 3x 2  x  1   x 1 
38. The domain of the function f  x   sin 1    cos 1   is :
  x  12   x  1 
 
[JEE Main 2021 (31-08-2021-Shift-2)]

 1 1 1
(A) 0,  (B)  ,   0
 2 4 2
1 1  1
(C)  2, 0   ,  (D) 0, 
4 2  4
Ans. (B)
x 1 2
Sol. 1   1  1  1  1
x 1 x 1
2 1
 2  00  1  x  1 1,  
x 1 x 1
 x  0,   …… (i)

204
 3x 2  x  1
   x  1  3x 2  x  1   x  1 , x  1
2 2
and 1  1
 x  1
2

   x 2  2x  1  3x 2  x  1 and 3x 2  x  1  x 2  2x  1

 4x 2  x  0  2x 2  3x  2  0
 x  4x  1  0   x  2  2x  1  0
1   1
 x  (, 0]   ,    x   2, 
4   2
1 1
 x   2, 0   ,  …… (ii)
4 2
1 1
 i    ii  we get x  0   , 
4 2

39. cos1  cos  5   sin 1  sin  6   tan 1  tan 12  is equal to :-
[JEE Main 2021 (01-09-2021-Shift-2)]
(A) 4  9 (B) 3  1
(C) 3  11 (D) 4  11
Ans. (D)
Sol. cos1  cos  5   sin 1  sin  6   tan 1  tan 12 
 2  5   2  6   12  4 
 4  11

205
 EXERCISE–V
1. Using the principal values, express the following as a single angle :

1 1 142

3 tan1   + 2 tan1   + sin1 . [REE '99, 6]
2 5 65 5

1 1  142 

Sol. 3tan 1    2 tan 1    sin 1  
2 5  65 5 

 142 
 2  tan 1 1/ 2  tan 1 1/ 5  tan 1 1/ 2  tan 1  
 31 

 1/ 2  1/ 5  1  1/ 2  142 / 31 
 2 tan 1      tan  
 1  1/ 2 1/ 5   1  1/ 2 142 / 31 

7  63 
 2 tan 1      tan 1  
9  16 

 2 7 / 9  1  63 
 tan 1      tan  
 1  49 / 81   16 

 63   63 
tan 1      tan 1     Ans.
 16   16 

ax bx
2. Solve, sin1 + sin1 = sin1x, where a2 + b2 = c2, c  0.
c c
[REE 2000(Mains), 3 out of 100]

 ax b 2 x 2 bx a 2x2 
Sol. sin 1   1  2   1  2   sin 1 x
 c c c c 
 

ax 2 bx
 2
c  b2 x 2  2 c2  a 2 x 2  x
c c

x = 0 or a c2  b2 x 2  b c2  a 2 x 2  c2

Square

a 2 (c2  b2 x 2 )  b2 (c2  a 2 x 2 )  2ab c2  b2 x 2 c2  a 2 x 2  c4

 (a 2  b2 ) c2  2a 2b2 x 2  2ab c2  b2 x 2 c2  a 2 x 2  c4

{ c2 = a2 + b2}

 abx 2  c2  b2 x 2 c2  a 2 x 2
206
 Square,

a 2 b2 x 4  c4  c2 x 2 (a 2  b )  a 2 b2 x 4

 x2 =1 {c2 = a2 + b2}

 x=±1

 x  {– 1, 0, 1} Ans.

3. Solve the equation:


cos 1   
6x  cos 1 3 3x 2   2
[REE 2001 (Mains), 3 out of 100]


Sol. cos 1   
6x  cos 1 3 3x 2   2

 cos
1
 6x   2

 cos 1 3 3x 2 
 cos1   
6x  sin 1 3 3x 2 
 cos
1
 
6x  cos 1  1 (3 3x)  2

 6x  1  27x ….(1)
4

Square both sides

 6x2 = 1 – 227x4  27x4 + 6x2 – 1 = 0

 (3x2 + 1) (9x2 – 1) = 0 ….(1)

 6x2 = 1 – 27x4  27x4 + 6x2 – 1 = 0

 (3x2 + 1) (9x2 – 1) = 0

1 1
 x2 = 1/9 x = or x  (It does not satisfying Rejected (1)
3 3

1
 x Ans.
3

x2 1
4. Prove that cos tan–1 sin cot –1 x = [JEE 2002 (mains) 5]
x2  2

Sol. LHS (tan–1(sin(cot–1x)))

Put cot–1 x = ,   (o, )

207
 0 1

0 
0 x
 cot  = x

LHS = cos(tan–1(sin ))

  1 
LHS  cos  tan 1   

 1 x 
2


 1 
Put tan 1  
 1 x 
2

 LHS = cos 

2  x2 1
 =  RHS  tan  
1 x 2
1 x2

0 1

0 
0

Hence Proved


5. The number of real solutions of tan1 x (x  1) + sin1 x 2  x  1 = is
2
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) infinite

[JEE'99,2 Out of 200]

Ans. (C)

Sol. tan 1 x 2  x  sin 1 x 2  x  1   / 2

 1 
 cos 1  1
  sin ( x  x  1)   / 2
2

 x  x 1 
2

1
  x 2  x  1  x2 + x + 1= 1
x  x 1
2

208
  x = 0, 1 i.e. two solutions

 x 2 x3   x4 x6  
6. If sin–1  x    ........  + cos–1  x 2    ........  = for 0 < | x | < 2 then x
 2 4   2 4  2
equals to [JEE 2001(screening)]
(A) 1/2 (B) 1 (C) – 1/2 (D) – 1

Ans. (B)

   
 1 x 2 x3  1  2 x4 x6  
Sol. sin  x   ......   cos  x   ......  
 2 4   2 4  2
  G.P.    G.P. 

 x 1 1  x2  
 sin    cos  
 1 x / 2   1 x / 2  2
2

x x2 1 x
   x = 0 or  2
1 x / 2 1 x / 2
2
x2 x 2

 x2 + 2 = x2 + 2x

x=1

 x = 1 Ans.


7. Domain of f (x) = sin 1 (2x)  is [JEE 2003)]
6

 1 1  1 3
(A)   ,  (B)   , 
 2 2  4 4

 1 1  1 1
(C)   ,  (D)   , 
 4 4  4 2

Ans. (D)

Sol. Domain : -

1  2x  1    1/ 2  x  1/ 2
 
1   1 
& sin (2 x)   0   sin (2 x)  –  / 6 
6 

1/ 2  x  1/ 2   x   1/ 2, 1/ 2 
 
  1 1 1
  sin 1 (2 x)     2x  1  x 
6 2 2 4 2

209
  1 1 
 x   ,  Ans.
 4 2

8. If sin(cot 1 (x  1))  cos(tan 1 x) ,then x = [JEE 2004(screening)]

1 1
(A) – (B)
2 2

9
(C) 0 (D)
4

Ans. (A)

Sol.  
sin cot 1 (x  1)  cos tan 1 x  
 1   1 
 sin  sin 1   cos  cos 1 
 1  (x  1) 2  
2
 
  x 1

1 1
   (x  1)2  1  x 2  1
1  (x  2) 2
x 1
2

 x+1=±x

 x = – 1/2 Ans


9. Let (x, y) be such that sin–1(ax) + cos–1(y) + cos–1(bxy) =
2
Match the statements in Column I with statements in Column II and indicate your answer
by darkening the appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS.
Column I Column II
(A) If a = 1 and b = 0, then (x, y) (P) lies on the circle x2 + y2 = 1
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, then (x, y) (Q) lies on (x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0
(C) If a = 1 and b = 2, then (x, y) (R) lies on y = x
(D) If a = 2 and b = 2, then (x, y) (S) lies on (4x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0
[JEE 2007, 6]
Ans. (A  P,B  Q,C  P,D  S)

Sol. sin–1(ax) + cos–1(y) + cos–1(bxy) =
2
(A) a  1, b  0

 sin 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 0 
2
 x  y  1  (P)
2 2

(B) a  1, b  1

 sin 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 xy 
2

 cos1 xy   sin 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 x  cos 1 y
2

210
  xy  xy  1  x 2 1  y2
 (1  x 2 )(1  y2 )  0  (Q)
(C) a  1, b  2

 sin 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 (2xy) 
2
 cos1 (2xy)  cos1 x  cos 1 y
 2xy  xy  1  x 2 1  y2
 x 2 y2  1  x 2 y2  x 2  y2
 x 2  y2  1  (P)
(D) a  2, b  2

 sin 1 (2x)  cos 1 y  cos 1 (2xy) 
2
 cos1 (2xy)  cos 1 (2x)  cos 1 y
 2xy  2xy  1  4x 2 1  y2
 (1  4x 2 )(1  y2 )  0  (S)

10. If 0 < x < 1, then 1  x 2 [{x cos (cot–1 x) + sin (cot–1 x)}2 – 1]1/2 =
x
(A) (B) x (C) x 1  x 2 (D) 1  x 2
1 x 2

[JEE 2008, 3]

Ans. (C)
 
Sol. Put cot 1 x  ; x  (0,1)    , 
4 2
 cot   x

 x cos   sin  1

1

 1 x 2 2 2

1
 2
 2
2  x 1 
 1  x  x     1 
 1 x2 1 x2  
1
 1  x 1  x  1  x 1  x 2
2 2 2

  sin      d
11. Let f ()  sin  tan 1    , where  4    4 . Then the value of d(tan ) (f ()) is
  cos 2  
[IIT-JEE 2011]
Ans. (1)
  sin     1  sin  
Sol. f ()  sin  tan 1     sin  tan   
  cos 2     cos   sin   
2 2

  sin   
 sin  sin 1     tan 
  cos   
 f ()  tan 
211
 d
 (f ())  1
d(tan )

 23  n

12. The value of cot   cot 1 1   2k   is [JEE (Advanced) 2013]
 n 1  k 1  
23 25 23 24
(A) (B) (C) (D)
25 23 24 23
Ans. (B)
 23  n(n  1)  
cot   cot 1 1  2  
2  
Sol.
 n 1 
 23  (n  1)  n  
 cot   tan 1  
 n 1  1  n(n  1)  
 23 
 cot    tan 1 (n  1)  tan 1 n  
 n 1 
 cot  tan 2  tan 1   tan 3  tan 1 2   ....   tan 1 24  tan 1 23
1 1 1

  24  1  
 cot  tan 1 24  tan 1 1  cot  tan 1  
  1  24  
  25   25
 cot  cot 1    
  23   23

13. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
[JEE (Advanced) 2013]
List - I List - II
1/2
 1  cos(tan 1 y)  y sin(tan 1 y) 2  1 5
(P)  2    y 4  takes value (1)
 y  cot(sin y)  tan(sin y) 
1 1
 2 3
 
(Q) If cos x + cos y + cox z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z then (2) 2
xy
possible value of cos is
2
  1
(R) If cos   x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x (3)
4  2
 
= cos xsin 2x sec x + cos   x  cos 2x
4 
then possible value of sec x is
    
(S) If cot sin 1 1  x 2  sin tan 1 x 6 , x  0 , (4) 1
then possible value of x is

Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2
Ans. (B)
212
 1
 1  cos(tan 1 y)  y sin(tan 1 y)  4  2
Sol. (P)  2 1 1  y 
 y  cot(sin y)  tan(sin y)  
1
      
2
 2

  cos  cos 1  1    y sin  sin 1 y   

    1 y  
2  1  y  
2 
1    
= 2   y
4
y   1  1  y 2     y    
         1
   
 1  y2   
cot cot tan tan
  y   
          
1
  1 y2  2
    
 1  1  y2 1  y2  4 
 2  y 
y
  1  y 2
y  

  y 2 
1 y  
  
1
1 2
  2 y 2 1  y 4   y 4   1
y 

(Q) cos x  cos y   cos z

sin x  sin y   sin z
Square & add
  x  y 
 2  2cos(x  y)  1  2  2cos 2   1
  2 
xy 1
 cos  
 2  2

    
(R) cos 2x  cos   x   cos   x    2sin 2 x  2sin x cos x
 4  4 
 cos 2x  
2 sin x  2sin 2 x  2sin x cos x

 2sinx cos 2x  2 sin x  2 cos x   0

 sin x  0 or cos2 x  sin 2 x  2  cos x  sin x   0
 sec x  1 or cos x  sin x
 tan x  1  sec x  2

(S)  
cot sin 1 1  x 2  sin tan 1 x 6  
  x   1  x 6 
 cot  cot 1  
  sin  sin   

  1 x   1  6x 
2 2


x x 6
 
1 x2 1  6x 2
 x0 or 1  6x 2  6  6x 2

213
 5 5
 x0 or x or x
12 12

14. Let f : [0, 4 ]  [0, ] be defined by f(x) = cos–1 (cos x). The number of points
10  x
x  [0, 4] satisfying the equation f (x)  is [JEE (Advanced) 2014]
10
Ans. (3)
Sol. f (x)  cos1 (cos x); x [0, 4]

& f (x)  10  x  1  x
10 10
y

(0,1)

x
0 2 (10,0) 4

 No. of solution 3

6 4
15. If   3sin 1   and   3cos 1   , where the inverse trigonometric functions take
 11  9
only the principal values, then the correct option(s) is(are) [JEE (Advanced) 2015]
(A) cos  > 0 (B) sin  < 0 (C) cos( + ) > 0 (D) cos  < 0

Ans. (B,C,D)
6  6
Sol.   3sin 1    3sin 1  
 11   12 

 
2
4 4
And   3cos 1    3cos 1  
3 8
 
3
    , Now checking options.
2

16. The number of real solutions of the equation [JEE Adv. 2018]

  i 1 
x  
i
   x i  i
sin   x  x     =  cos         x  
1 1
 i 1 i 1  2  
 2  i 1  2  i 1 
  
 1 1
lying in the interval   ,  is.
 2 2

214
   
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin–1 x and cos–1 x assume value in   , 
 2 2
and [0, ], respectively).

Ans. (2)
 1 1 
Sol. x  , 
 2 2
  i 1 
x  
i
    x i  i
sin   x  x       cos   
1 1
    x  
 i 1 i 1  2  
 2  i 1  2  i 1 
  
   
 G.P. .G.P. .G.P. .G.P
 x   x 
x2      ( x)
  x  2    2  
1 x  1   1  1 x
x x
 2  2
x2 x2 x x
   
1 x 2  x 1 x 2  x
x2 x x2 x
   
1 x 1 x 2  x 2  x
 x  0 or x(1  x)  2(1  x)  x(2  x)  (2  x)
1 x 4x 2

 x  0 or x3  2x 2  5x  2  0
Let f (x)  x3  2x 2  5x  2
f '(x)  3x 2  6x  5  0  x  R
 f (x)  x  R
1 3
 f (0)  2 & f   
2 8
 1
 one root lies in  0, 
 2
 2 Solutions

17. For any positive integer n, define fn : (0, )  R as [JEE Adv. 2018]
 1 
fn(x) =  j1 tan 1 
n
 for all x  (0, ).
 1  (x  j)(x  j  1) 
  
(Here, the inverse trigonometric function tan–1 x assume values in   ,  )
 2 2
Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE ?
 tan  f (0)   55
5 2
(A) j1 j

(B)  1  f ' (0)  sec  f (0)   10

10 2
j1 j j

215
 1
(C) For any fixed positive integer n, lim tan(fn(x)) =
x  n
2
(D) For any fixed positive integer n, lim sec (fn(x)) = 1
x 

Ans. (D)
n
 (x  j)  (x  j  1) 
Sol. f n (x)   tan 1   : (0, )  R
j1  1  (x  j)(x  j  1) 

   tan 1 (x  j)  tan 1 (x  j  1) 
n

j1

f n (x)  tan 1 (x  n)  tan 1 x

 n 
f n (x)  tan 1  
 1  x(x  n) 
Options (A) & (B) are wrong, x  0 is not in domain
 n 
(C) lim tan(f n (x))  lim  2 0
x  x  nx  1
x 
 
 n 
(D) lim sec2  f n (x)   lim sec2  2 
x  x 
 x  nx  1 
 sec2 0  1

 x 
18. Let E1  x  R : x  1 and  0
 x  1 
   x  
and E 2  x  E1 : sin 1  log e    is a real number  .
   x 1   
 x 
Let f : E1  R be the function defined by f (x)  log e   [JEE Adv. 2018]
 x 1 
 x 
and g : E2  R be the function defined by g(x)  sin 1  log e 
 x 1 
List-I List-II
 1   e 
P. The range of f is 1.  ,   ,
 1  e   e 1 
Q. The range of g contains 2. (0, 1)
 1 1
R. The domain of f contains 3.   2 , 2 
S. the domain of g is 4. (–,0)  (0, )
 e 
5.  ,
 e  1 
1 e 
6. (, 0)   ,
 2 e  1
The correct option is :
(A) P  4; Q  2; R  1; S  1
(B) P  3; Q  3; R  6; S  5
(C) P  4; Q  2; R  1; S  6
(D) P  4; Q  3; R  6; S  5
Ans. (A)
x
Sol. E1 :  0  x  (, 0)  (1, )
x 1
216
  x  1 x 1 1
E 2 : 1  n   1   e   1 e
 x 1  e x 1 e x 1
 1   e 
 x   ,   ,
 e  1  e  1 
 x 
Now, f1 (x)  n   :  , 0   (1, )  R
 x 1 
x
 for x  (, 0)  (1, ),  (0, )  {1}
x 1
 x 
 n    ,    {0}
 x 1 
 Range of f(x) is (, )  {0}
  x    
g(x)  sin 1  n       ,   {0}
  x 1    2 2 
19. The value of
 1 10  7 k   7 (k  1)     3 
sec1   sec    sec     in the interval   4 , 4  equals
4 2  
 k 0  12 2   12  
[JEE (Adv.) 2019]
Ans. (0)
 1 10  7 k    7 n  
Sol.  4  sec  12  2   sec  2  12  2  
 k 0    
 1 10
 7  k    7  k 
 sec1   sec     cos ec    
 4 k 0  12 2   12 2  
   
 1 10 2   1 10
1 
 sec1     sec1   
 4 k 0 sin  7  k    2 k 0 (1) k 1 sin  
    6
 6 
 10
1 
 sec1  1  k 1 
 k  0 ( 1) 
1
 sec (1) = 0
20. For any positive integer n, let Sn : (0, )  be defined by
1  1  k(k  1)x 
n 2
Sn (x)   cot  
k 1  x 
  
where for any x  , cot–1x  (0, ) and tan 1 (x)    ,  . Then which of the
 2 2
following statements is (are) TRUE ?
  1  11x 2 
(A) S10 (x)   tan 1   , for all x > 0
2  10x 
(B) lim cot Sn (x)   x, for all x > 0
n 

(C) The equation S3 (x)  has a root in (0, )
4
1
(D) tan Sn (x)   , for all n  1 and x > 0
2
[JEE (Adv.) 2021 paper-1]
Ans. (A,B)
n
 x 
Sol. Sn (x)   tan 1  
k 1  1  kx (kx  x) 
217
 n
 (kx  x)  (kx) 
  tan 1  
k 1  1  (kx  x)(kx) 

 nx 
Sn (x)  tan 1 (nx  x)  tan 1 x  tan 1  2 
 1  (n  1)x 
 1  1  11x 
2
10x
(A) S10 (x)  tan 1   tan   (x  0)
1  11x 2 2  10x 
1  1 2
 1   x
(B) lim cot (Sn (x))  lim n  n   x (x  0)
n  n  x
3x 
(C) S3 (x)  tan 1   4x 2  3x  1  0  x 
1  4x 2 4
nx
(D) tan (Sn (x))  ; n  1 ; x > 0
1  (n  1)x 2
nx 1
We need to check the validity of  n  1 ; x > 0 ; n N
1  (n  1)x 2
2
 2nx (n + 1)x2 + 1
(n + 1)x2 – 2nx + 1  0 2n  1 ; n 
Discriminant of y = (n + 1)x – 2nx +1 is
D = 4n2 – 4(n + 1) and n 
D < 0 for n = 1; true for x > 0
D > 0 for n 2   some x > 0
for which y < 0 as both roots of
y = 0 will be positive.
y = (n + 1)x2 – 2nx + 1, n 2
So, y  0 n 1 ; x > 0 ; n N is false

218
BRAHMASTRA
FINAL REVISION MODULE BEFORE EXAMINATION

219
 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTION
PRINCIPAL VALUES AND DOMAINS OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

(i) y = sin 1 x , x  1 , y    2 , 2  (ii) y = cos 1 x , x  1 , y  [0 , ]

 

(iii)   
y = tan 1 x , x  R , y   2 , 2  (iv) y = cot 1 x , x  R , y  (0 , )

(v) y = sec 1 x , x  1 , y  0 , 2 

   
2
,
 (vi) y = cosec 1 x , x  1, y    2


,0  0,

2

NOTE THAT : (a) 1st quadrant is common to all the inverse functions .
(b) 3rd quadrant is not used in inverse functions .
(c) 4th quadrant is used in the CLOCKWISE DIRECTION i.e.    y  0 .
2
(d) sin  1x can also be written as arcsinx, similarly for another inverse
trigonometry function also.

220
3. PROPERTIES OF INVERSE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

P1
(b) y = sin 1 (sin x) , x  R , y    2
 
(i) (a) y = sin (sin 1 x) , , ,
 2
= x Periodic with period 2 
x  [ 1 , 1] , y  [ 1 , 1] ,
y is aperiodic

(ii) (a) y = cos (cos 1 x) , (b) y = cos 1(cos x), x  R, y[0, ],
= x periodic with period 2 
x  [ 1 , 1] , y  [ 1 , 1],
y is aperiodic

(iii) (a) y = tan (tan 1 x) , x  R , y  R , (b) y = tan 1 (tan x) ,

=x xR
  
(2 n  1) , n  I 
 2 

, y  2 , 2 ,
 

x  R , y  R ,
y is aperiodic periodic with period 

(iv) (a) y = cot (cot 1 x) = x , (b) y = cot 1 (cot x) ,

x  R , y  R , x  R  {n  n  I} , y  (0 , ) ,
y is aperiodic periodic with 
   

      


221
(v) (a) y = cosec (cosec 1 x) , (b) y = cosec 1 (cosec x),
= x x  R – { n , n  I}, y    2

,0  0,

2

x  1 , y  1, y is periodic with period 2 
y is aperiodic

(vi) (a) y = sec (sec 1 x) = x (b) y = sec 1 (sec x) ,

x  1 ; y  1],



2

x  R – (2 n  1) , n  I  y   0 ,
 

2
   
2
,

y is aperiodic y is periodic with period 2 ;

1
P2 (i) cosec1 x = sin1 ; x  1 , x  1
x
1
(ii) sec1 x = cos1 ; x  1 , x  1
x
1
(iii) cot1 x = tan1 ; x>0
x
1
=  + tan1 ; x<0
x

P3 (i) sin1 (x) =  sin1 x , 1  x  1

(ii) tan (x) =  tan x
1 1 , xR
(iii) cos1 (x) =   cos1 x , 1  x  1
(iv) cot1 (x) =   cot1 x , x  R
(v) sec1 (x) =   sec1 x , x  (–, –1]  [1, )
(vi) cosec1 (x) =  cosec1 x , x  (–, –1]  [1, )

222
 
P4 (i) sin1 x + cos1 x = 1  x  1
2


(ii) tan1 x + cot1 x = xR
2


(iii) cosec1 x + sec1 x = x  1
2

x y
P5 (i) tan1 x + tan1 y = tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0 & xy < 1
1 xy

x y
(ii) tan–1 x + tan–1 y =  + tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0 & xy > 1
1 xy

x y
(iii) tan1 x  tan1y = tan1 where x > 0 , y > 0
1 xy

P6 (i) sin1 x + sin1 y = sin1  x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2  where x  0 , y  0 &

 
(x + y )  1
2 2


Note that : x2 + y2  1  0  sin1 x + sin1 y 
2
(ii) sin x + sin y =   sin  x 1  y  y 1  x  where x  [0, 1], y  [0, 1]
1 1 1 2 2
 
2
&x +y >1 2


Note that : x2 + y2 >1  < sin1 x + sin1 y < 
2
(iii) sin–1x – sin–1y = sin  x 1  y  y 1  x 2 
1 2
where x  [0, 1] , y  [0, 1]
 
(iv) cos1 x + cos1 y = cos1  x y  1  x2 1  y2  where x  [0, 1] , y  [0, 1]
 
(v) cos1 x – cos1 y = cos1 x y  1 x 2
1 y 
2
where 0  x < y  1
 

 x  y  z  xyz 
P7 If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = tan1   if, x > 0, y > 0, z > 0 &
1  x y  y z  z x 

xy + yz + zx < 1

Note : (i) If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z =  then x + y + z = xyz


(ii) If tan1 x + tan1 y + tan1 z = then xy + yz + zx = 1
2

223
 1 1  x = tan1 2 x
2
2x
P8 2 tan1 x = sin1 = cos is wrong statement
1  x2 1  x2 1  x2
Note very carefully that :
 2 tan 1 x if x  1
  2 tan 1 x if x  0
sin =   2 tan x
1 1
if x  1 cos1 =  1
   2 tan x if x  0
    2 tan x 
1
if x   1
 2 tan 1 x if x  1

tan =   2 tan x
1 1
if x   1

    2 tan x 
1
if x  1
REMEMBER THAT :
3
(i) sin1 x + sin1 y + sin1 z =  x=y=z=1
2
(ii) cos1 x + cos1 y + cos1 z = 3  x = y = z = 1
(iii) tan1 1+ tan1 2 + tan1 3 =  and tan1 1 + tan1 12 + tan1 13 = 2

SOLVED EXAMPLE
1. Using the principal values, express the following as a single angle:
1 1 142
3 tan1   + 2 tan1   + sin1 . [REE '99, 6]
2 5 65 5

Ans. ()

1 1  142 

Sol. 3tan 1    2 tan 1    sin 1  
2 5  65 5 

 142 
 2  tan 1 1/ 2  tan 1 1/ 5  tan 1 1/ 2  tan 1  
 31 

 1/ 2  1/ 5  1  1/ 2  42  31 
 2 tan 1      tan  
 1  1/ 2 1/ 5   1  1/ 2 142 / 31 

7  63 
 2 tan 1      tan 1  
9  16 

 2 7 / 9  1  63 
 tan 1      tan  
 1  49 / 81   16 

 63   63 
tan 1      tan 1    
 16   16 

224
2. Solve the equation:

cos 1   
6x  cos 1 3 3x 2   2
[REE 2001 (Mains), 3 out of 100]

 ax b 2 x 2 bx a 2x2 
Sol. sin 1   1  2   1 2   sin 1 x
 c c c c 
 

ax bx
 2
c2  b2 x 2  2 c2  a 2 x 2  x
c c

x = 0 or a c  b x  b c  a x  c
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

Square

a 2 (c2  b2 x 2 )  b2 (c2  a 2 x 2 )  2ab c2  b2 x 2 c2  a 2 x 2  c4

 (a  b )c  2a b x  2ab c  b x c2  a 2 x 2  c4
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
{ c2 = a2 + b2}

 abx  c  b x c2  a 2 x 2
2 2 2 2

Square,

a 2b2 x 4  c4  c2 x 2 (a 2  b )  a 2 b2 x 4

 x2 =1 {c2 = a2 + b2}

 x=±1

 x  {– 1, 0, 1} Ans.

x2 1
3. Prove that cos tan–1 sin cot –1 x = [JEE 2002 (mains) 5]
x2  2

Sol. Let cot 1 x  

 x  cot 
 LHS  cos  tan 1  sin 
  1 
 cos  tan 1  
  1  x  
2

 
 Here, x  cot  
 
cos ec  2 1  cot  2 
2 2

 cos ec   1  cot  
 
 cos ec  1  x
2

 sin   1 
 1 x2 

225
   1 
 LHS  cos  tan 1  
  1 x  
2

1
Let tan 1 
1 x2
1
or  tan 
1 x2
1  tan 2   sec2 
1
or 1   sec2 
1 x 2

1 x2 1
or  sec2 
1 x 2

2  x2
or  sec2 
1 x2
2  x2
or  sec2 
1 x 2

 LHS  cos 
1

sec 
1 x2

2  x2
= RHS

   2 3  
1  12 
4. The value of sin–1 cot  sin 1     cos    sec
1
2  is :
   4    4  
  
(A) 0 (B)  (C)  (D) 
4 6 2

Ans. (A)
  3 1 3 
Sol. sin 1 cot  sin 1  cos1  sec1 2  
  2 2 2 
1       1  
 sin cot       sin  cot   sin 1 (0)
  12 6 4    2
=0

The function f(x) = cot–1 (x  3)x + cos–1 x  3x  1 is defined on the set S, where S
2
5.
=
(A) {0, 3} (B) (0, 3) (C) {0, –3} (D) [–3, 0]

226
Ans. (C)
Sol. f ( x)  cot 1  x 2  3x   cos1  x 2  3x  1 
Domain :-
x 2  3x  0   x 2  3x  0 
 
1  x 2  3x  1  1   0  x 2  3x  1  1
 x2  3  0 
   x  3x  0  x  3,0
2

 1  x 3x  0
2

6. cot 1  cos    tan 1  cos    x , then sin x = [AIEEE 2002]

  
(A) tan   (B) cot   (D) cot  
2 2
(C) tan 
2 2 2

Ans. (A)
Sol. cot 1  cos    tan 1  cos    x
 1 
 tan 1    tan  cos    x
1

 cos  
 1 
  cos  
 tan 1  cos  x
1  1  cos  
 cos  
1  cos 
 tan x 
2 cos 
1  cos  2sin 2  / 2
 sin x  
1  cos  2cos2  / 2
 
sin x  tan 2
2

7. The trigonometric equation sin–1 x = 2sin–1 a has a solution for [AIEEE 2003]
1 1 1
(A) | a |  (B) |a| (C) All real values of a (D) | a |  1
2 2 2 2

Ans. (A)
Sol. sin 1 x  2sin 1 a
 
 sin 1 x 
2 2
   
  2sin 1 a    sin 1 a 
2 2 4 4
 1 1 
 a , 
 2 2

227
8. Let f : (–1, 1)  B, be a function defined by , then f is both one-one and onto when B is
interval [AIEEE 2005]
       
(A) (x  3)x 
(B)  0, (C)   ,  (D)   , 
 2  2 2  2 2
Ans. (D)
 2x 
Sol. f ( x)  tan 1   : (1,1)  B
 1  x2 
   
 y  tan 1  tan 2  Put x  tan  :    , 
 4 4
 y  2 ;

 2 
  x (1,1)
2 2
 y  2 tan 1 x
 f ( x)  2tan 1 x; x  (1,1)
     
Range   2  , 2      , 
 4 4  2 2
 f(x) to be onto, Range = Co-domain(B)
   
B , 
 2 2

9. If cos 1 x  cos 1 y   , then 4x2 – 4xy cos  + y2 [AIEEE 2005]

2
(A) 2 sin 2 (B) 4 (C) 4 sin2  (D) –4 sin2 

Ans. ()
y
Sol. cos 1 x  cos 1 
2
 y y2 
 
1
 cos  x   1  x 1 
2

 2 4 
xy y2
 cos    1 x 1
2

2 4
x2 y 2 y 2 2 x2 y 2
Square, cos    xy cos   1   x 
2

4 4 4
 4 x  4 xy  y  4 1  cos    4sin 
2 2 2 2

 1 5 2
10. The value of cot  cosec  tan 1  is [AIEEE 2009]
 3 3
(A) 6 (B) 3
17 17
(C) 4 (D) 5
17 17

228
Ans. (A)
 5 2
Sol. cot  cosec1  tan 1 
 3 3
 3 2
 cot  tan 1  tan 1 
 4 3
  3 2 
 1  4  3    1  17  
 cot  tan     cot  tan   
 3 2
 1       6 
  4 3  
  6  6
 cot  cot 1    
  17   17
 2x  1
11. Let tan–1 y = tan–1 x + tan–1  2  where |x| < . Then a value of y is
 1 x  3
[JEE-Main 2015]
3x  x 3
3x  x 3
3x  x 3
3x  x 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2 1  3x 2

Ans. (B)
 2x 
Sol. tan 1 y  tan 1 x  tan 1  2 
 1 x 
1
where x 
3
 2x 
 x  
 tan 1 y  tan 1  1 x2 

1  x  2x  
  1  x  
2

 1 1 1  x  y  
 tan x  tan y  tan   , x  0y  0, xy  1
  1  xy  
 x  x 3  2x 
 tan 1  2 
 1  x  2x 
2

 3x  x 3  3x  x 3
tan 1 y  tan1  2 
 y
 1  3x  1  3x 2

   
2
12. All x satisfying the inequality cot 1 x  7 cot 1 x  10  0 , lie in the interval:
(A) (– , cot5)  (cot4, cot2) (B) (cot2, ) [JEE-Main 2019]
(C) (– , cot5)  (cot2, ) (D) (cot5, cot4)

229
Ans. (B)

Sol.  cot 1 x 2  7  cot 1 x   10  0

  cot 1 x  2 cot 1 x  5  0;cot 1 x  (0,  )
 0  cot 1 x  2
 cot 2  x  

13. If x = sin–1(sin10) and y = cos–1(cos10), then y – x is equal to :- [JEE-Main 2019]

(A)  (B) 7 (C) 0 (D) 10
Ans. ()
Sol. x  sin 1 (sin10)  3  10

x  cos1 (cos10)  4  10

 y  x  (4 10)  (3  10)



14. Let (x, y) be such that sin–1(ax) + cos–1(y) + cos–1(bxy) =  [JEE 2007, 6]
2
Match the statements in Column I with statements in Column II and indicate your answer
by darkening the appropriate bubbles in the 4 × 4 matrix given in the ORS.
Column I Column II
(A) If a = 1 and b = 0, then (x, y) (P) lies on the circle x2 + y2 = 1
(B) If a = 1 and b = 1, then (x, y) (Q) lies on (x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0
(C) If a = 1 and b = 2, then (x, y) (R) lies on y = x
(D) If a = 2 and b = 2, then (x, y) (S) lies on (4x2 – 1)(y2 – 1) = 0

Sol. sin 1 (ax)  cos 1 y  cos 1 (bxy) 
2
(A) a  1, b  0

   x 2  y2  1  (P)
sin 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 0 
2
(B) a  1, b  1

 
sin 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 xy 
2

 
cos 1 xy   sin 1 x  cos 1 y  cos1 x  cos1 y
2

 xy  xy  1  x 2 1  y2  (1  x 2 )(1  y2 )  0  (Q)

230
 (B) a  1, b  2

 
sin 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 (2xy) 
2

 cos1 (2xy)  cos1 x  cos 1 y

 2xy  xy  1  x 2 1  y2

 x 2 y2  1  x 2 y2  x 2  y2

 x 2  y2  1  (P)

(D) a  2, b  2

 
sin 1 (2x)  cos 1 y  cos 1 (2xy) 
2

 cos1 (2xy)  cos1 (2x)  cos 1 y

 2xy  2xy  1  4x 2 1  y2

 (1  4x 2 )(1  y2 )  0  (S)

  sin      d
15. Let f ()  sin  tan 1   , where     . Then the value of (f ()) is
  cos 2  4 4 d(tan )
[IIT-JEE 2011]

Ans. (1)

 
sin     sin tan 1  sin  
1 
Sol. f ()  sin  tan   
   
  cos 2     cos 2
  sin 2
 

  sin   
 sin  sin 1     tan 
  cos   

 f ()  tan 

d
 (f ()  1
f (tan )

231
16. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists
:
[JEE (Advanced) 2013]
List - I List - II
1/2
 1  cos(tan 1 y)  y sin(tan 1 y) 2  1 5
(P)  2   4
 takes value (1)
 y  cot(sin 1 y)  tan(sin 1 y) 
y
 2 3
 
(Q) If cos x + cos y + cox z = 0 = sin x + sin y + sin z then (2) 2
possible value of cos x  y is
2
 
(R) If cos   x  cos 2x + sin x sin 2x sec x (3) 1
4  2
 
= cos xsin 2x sec x + cos   x  cos 2x
4 
then possible value of sec x is
   
(S) If cot sin 1 1  x 2  sin tan 1 x 6 , x  0 ,  (4) 1
then possible value of x is
Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 4 3 1 2
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 4 2 1
(D) 3 4 1 2

Ans. ()
1

 
  cos tan y  ysin tan y 
    y4 
2
1 1 2

Sol. 1 
 y 2  cot  sin 1 y   tan  sin 1 y   
   
1
       
2
2
  cos  cos 1  1    y sin  sin 1  y    
    1  y2     1  y2    
1       
 2   y 4
y    1  y2     y   
  cot  cot  y    tan  tan 
1 1
 
2  
     1  y 
  
    

232
17. Let f : [0, 4 ]  [0, ] be defined by f(x) = cos–1 (cos x). The number of points

x  [0, 4] satisfying the equation f (x)  10  x is [JEE (Advanced) 2014]

10

Sol. f (x)  cos1 (cos x); x [0, 4]

10  x x
& f (x)   1
10 10
y

(0,1)

x
0 2 (10,0) 4

 No. of solution 3

18. The number of real solutions of the equation [JEE Adv. 2018]
  
x
i
     x 
i
i
sin 1   x i 1  x     =  cos         x  
1
 i 1 i 1  2 
  2  i 1  2  i 1 
 1 1
lying in the interval   ,  is.
 2 2
  
(Here, the inverse trigonometric functions sin–1 x and cos–1 x assume value in   , 
 2 2
and [0, ], respectively).

 1 1 
Sol. x  , 
 2 2
  i 1 
x  
i
    x i  i
sin   x  x       cos   
 i 1  2    
1 1
  x 
 i 1 i 1  2  
 2
  i 1 
   
 G.P. .G.P. .G.P. .G.P
 x   x 
x2  2    2  ( x)
  x   
1 x x   x  1 x
 1   1 
 2  2
x2 x2 x x
   
1 x 2  x 1 x 2  x
x2 x x2 x
   
1 x 1 x 2  x 2  x
233
  x  0 or x(1  x)  2(1  x)  x(2  x)  (2  x)
1 x 4x2

 x  0 or x3  2x 2  5x  2  0
Let f (x)  x 3  2x 2  5x  2
f '(x)  3x 2  6x  5  0  x  R
 f (x)  x  R

 1 3
f (0)  2 & f   
2 8
 1
 one root lies in  0, 
 2
 2 Solutions

1 
10
7 k   7 (k  1)     3 
19. The value of sec1   sec    sec     in the interval   4 , 4  equals
 k 0  12 2
4   12 2  
[JEE (Adv.) 2019]

 1 10  7 k    7 n  
Sol.  4  sec  12  2   sec  2  12  2  
 k 0    
 1 10
 7 k   7 k 
 sec1   sec     cos ec    
 4 k 0  12 2   12 2  
   
 1 10 
1  1 
10
2 1
 sec  
1
  sec   
 4 k 0 sin  7  4    2 k 0 (1) k 1 sin  
    6
 6 
 10
1 
 sec1  1  k 1 
 k  0 ( 1) 
1
 sec (1)
=0

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