CoSc 3063-System and Network

Administration
Chapter 2: Host And User Manegment
Computer science 3rd Year, 1st Sem.
Fitsum Gizachew (BSc students_2014)
 Topics to be covered
Lesson 1: Host Management • Source
– Global view, Local action
• “Principles of Network and System
– Physical consideration of server room
Administration” (2nd Edition), John Wiley
– Booting and Shutting Down of an Operating System and Sons Ltd, Mark Burgess, 2004.
– Configuring and personalizing workstation • “Essential System Administration”, 3rd
– Installation and configuration of OS (window and Edition, O’Reilly and Associates Inc.,
Linux) Ǽleen Frisch, 2003.
– Super user/Administrator Privileges • [Link]
Lesson 2: User Management • [Link] OS/[Link]
– Managing user and group
– Manage ownership, permissions, and quotas

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 Lesson 1: Host Management

Overview of host Manegment

• A host is a computer where managed databases and other

services reside.
• Managing host resources (disk space, memory usage, etc.) is an
important part of network management.

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 Big picture (Global view, local action)
• Life can be made easy or difficult by the decisions made at the outset of host
installation. Should we:
• Think of the Total Network Solution
• Think of ways to make management easier
• Go with the Vendor standard install?
• Or Customise to suit our situation?
• Make all machines the same?
• Make all machines unique?
• Follow the OS designer’s recommended setup? (Often this is insufficient for
our purpose)
• Create our own setup?

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 Server Room(Physical considerations)

• Critical hardware needs protection including:

– Power filter and UPS
– Air-conditioner, heater and fireproofing
– Secure access e.g.: locked door, CCTV monitor
– Anti-static fittings e.g.: rack mount, carpet
– Secure cable conduits and patch panels

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 Start up and Shutdown

• Know how to turn something off…. Before you turn it on!!

• Complex systems need safe shutdown sequence to avoid damage
• Quiescent state difficult to predict in multi-tasking systems
• Shutdown
– Complete all operations in progress
– Prevent new operations from starting
– Close files
– Terminate processes and services
– Synchronise and Flush buffers/caches
– Dismount/park/eject disks
– Power off !
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 Shutdown Unix

• Only performed by super user

• halt – stops quickly and without waiting
• reboot – same as halt, restarts afterward
• shutdown – warns user first

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 Configuration and personalize workstation

• Personal workstations or ‘network stations’?

• Network sharing allows us to make disk space available to all hosts on a
network, e.g. with NFS or other. This allows us to make disk space available
to all hosts. Everything would be shared by the network.
• In organizing disk space, we can make the best use of resources, and
separate:
– Space for the operating system.
– Space which can be shared and made available for all hosts.
– Space which can be used to optimize local work, e.g. temporary scratch
– Space which can be used to make distributed backups, for multiple redundancy.
• These independent areas of use need to be separated from one another, by
partitioning disks.
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 Partitioning Disk
• Disks can be divided up into partitions.
– Partitions physically divide the disk surface into separate areas which do not overlap.
– The main difference between two partitions on one disk and two separate disks is that
partitions can only be accessed one at a time, whereas multiple disks can be accessed in
parallel.
Pros cons

Ease of OS Reinstallation. • Complexity and Chances for Errors

Simpler Backups. • Juggling Partitions and Wasted Space
(Potentially) Improved Security. • It's Generally Unnecessary for the Average
Better File Organization. User
Easily Install Multiple Operating Systems. • False sense of security
Use Many File Systems.

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 Installing and configuring Operating system
• The installation process is one of the most destructive things we can do to a
computer.
• Everything on the disk will disappear during the installation process.
• One is expected to choose whether to install everything that is available or just
certain packages. Most operating systems provide a package installation program
which helps this process.
• In order to answer the questions about installing a new host, information must be
collected and some choices made:
– We must decide a name for each machine.
– We need an unused Internet address for each.
– We must decide how much virtual memory (swap) space to allocate.
– We need to know the local netmask and domain name.
– We need to know the local timezone.
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 Things to consider during installing operating system

• Check network, Windows edition, and activation status. ...

• Set up multi-factor authentication for your account. ...
• Turn on BitLocker encryption for your system drive. ...
• Check updates and configure Windows Update settings.
• Get device drivers up to date.

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 Installing and configuring Operating system…

Steps to install OS (General)

1. Set up the display environment.
2. Erase the primary boot disk.
3. Set up the BIOS.
4. Install the operating system.
5. Configure your server for RAID.
6. Install the operating system, update the drivers, and run
operating system updates, as necessary.

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 Steps to install OS in Linux and Window

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 Super user/Administrator Privileges

• Super user accounts are highly privileged accounts primarily

used for administration by specialized IT employees.
• These users/accounts may have virtually unlimited
privileges, or ownership, over a system.
– privileges may allow:
• full read/write/ execute privileges.
• creating or installing files or software
• modifying files and settings
• deleting users and data

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 Super user Accounts in Windows, Linux
• In Windows systems,
– the Administrator account holds super user privileges.
– Each Windows computer has at least one administrator account.
– The Administrator account allows the user to install software, and change local configurations
and settings, and more.
– Standard users have substantially curtailed privileges, while guest user accounts are
generally limited even further, to just basic application access and internet browsing.

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 Super user Accounts in Linux

• In Linux and Unix-like systems,

– the super user account, called ‘root’, is virtually omnipotent, with
unrestricted access to all commands, files, directories, and resources.
– Root can also grant and remove any permissions for other users.

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 Lets start Lab 1

1. discuss how to shoot down and

restarting windows remotely using
command
1. write steps to partition disk in
window and Linux, and discuss
Assignment 2 maximum number of partioning.
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