Field Study 1 – Learning Episode 16 - On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education

Learning Essentials

We are beneficiaries of a rich philosophical heritage passed on to us by great thinkers of

the past and of the present. The way teachers relate to learners and the way they teach are
anchored on philosophies of education.

Basic documents such as the vision and mission' statements, core values and mandate of
the Department of Education and the features of the K to 12 Curriculum as contained in Section
3 of RA 10533 and the K to 12 Curriculum Guide are manifestations or expressions of the
philosophies of education of the country. They state the standards and the outcomes of education
towards which all curricular activities and teaching-learning should be directed.
 Learning Episode 16 Activity 16.1
ANALYZING DEPED PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

Resource Teacher:_______________ School:____________

Grade/Year Level:_______________Subject:_______________________ Date:_____________

OBSERVE
 Determine prevailing philosophies of education based on DepEd Vision and Mission
statements, core values and mandate and on the K to 12 Curriculum Framework and
Guide.
 Study the DepEd Vision and Mission statements, Core values and Mandate.
 Read the features of the K to 12 Curriculum based on the Kto12 Curriculum Framework
and Guide and Sec 5 of RA 10533.
 Accomplish the Table below by answering this question: Which philosophies are
expressed?
 Cite relevant statements to back up an identified philosophy of education. You are given
an example.

Philosophies of Education Which philosophies are Which philosophies are

expressed in the DepEd expressed in the K to 12
Vision, Mission Statements, Curriculum Framework and
Core Values, Mandate? Guide and Sec 5 of RA 10533?
Give proof. Give proof.
[Link] - teach mastery Essentialism - The core Essentialism - List of tandards
of the basics; curriculum is values of maka-Diyos, maka- and competenciest hat learners
prescribed; subject matter- tao, maka-kalikasan and are expected to attain is the
centered there are universal, maka- bansa show that subject matter thats students are
objective values; inculcate DepEd is essentialist. DepEd expected to learn. - Essentialist
values in subject matter believes in unchanging values
that need to be inculcated.

2. Perennialism - teach those Any proof of perennialism? In K12 Curriculum Framework

that last, the classics; there are which
universal values; inculcate is making the Curriculum
these universal, objective Relevant to learners
values (Contextualization and
Enhancement), Students needed
to
acquire in depth knowledge,
skills,
values, and attitudes through
continuity and consistency
across all
levels and subjects in order to
 bring a
good values and characteristic to
their future from what they are
learned in schools.

3. Progressivism- very child- Any proof of progressivism? In RA No. 105

centered; teach those that 33 Sec. 5 which is
interest the child; one learns by Curriculum Development, The
experience; learners learn by curriculum shall be learner
doing so teacher teacher's centered,
teaching is experiential; values inclusive and developmentally
are subjective; no inculcation appropriate; which it show that
of values since they are Progressivism is applied in this
subjective; instead. teachers law.
help students clarify their
values
[Link] - school Any proof of In K
is agent of change; schooling is Reconstructionism? 12 Curriculum Framework
preparing students for the which is Making the Curriculum
social changes; teaching is Relevant
involving the students in To Learners (Contextualization
discussions of moral dilemmas And
Enhancement), it shows that
there is
an application of
Reconstructionism
in which there is a discussion on
the
students about the issues such as
Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR),
Climate Change Adaptation, and
Information & Communication
Technology (ICT) are included
in the
enhanced curriculum.

5. Existentialism - Teachers Any proof of existentialism? In K

teach learners to make a 12 Curriculum Framework
choice, to make decisions and which
not merely to follow the crowd; is Gearing Up for The Future
one who does not make a (Senior
choice and so simply follow High School) it shows that there
others do not leave meaningful is a
life proof of Existentialism that use
which students may have a
freedom
to choose a
specialization based on
aptitude, interests, and school
capacity. The choice of career
track
will define the content of the
subjects a student will take in
Grades
11 and 12. SHS subjects fall
under
either the Core Curriculum or
 specific Tracks.

6. Pragmatism- That which is Any proof of pragmatism? In K12 Curriculum Framework

useful, that which is practical which
and that which works is what is is Making The Curriculum
good; that which is efficient Relevant To Learners
and effective is that which is (Contextualization and
good. e.g. showing a video clip Enhancement), it shows also that
on mitosis is more efficient and there
more effective and therefore is an application of Pragmatism
more practical than teacher as students acquire in
coming up with a visual aid by depth
drawing mistosis on a cartolina knowledge, skills, values, and
or illustration board attitudes through continuity and
consistency in order to
encourage
them to grow into better people
across in all levels.

7. Rationalism - emphasizes Any proof of rationalism? In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is

the. development of the Curriculum Development, there
learners' reasoning powers; is a
knowledge comes though proof of application of the
reason; teacher must develop Rationalism in which the
'the reasoning power of the curriculum
learner shall be relevant, responsive and
research based as students is
acquired through reason without
the
aid of the senses.

8. Utilitarianism - what is Any proof of Utilitarianism? In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is

good is that which is most Curriculum Development, there
useful (that which. brings is a
happiness) to the greatest proof of application of the
number of peoples; Utilitarianism in which The
curriculum shall be culture
sensitive
in which teacher approach offers
no
sense of what ought to constitute
an
educations.

9. Empiricism - source of Any proof of empiricism? In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is

knowledge is through the Curriculum Development, it
senses; teacher must involve shows
the senses in teaching- learning that there is an application of
Empiricism in which the
curriculum
shall use pedagogical approaches
that are constructivist,
inquiry
based,
reflective, collaborative and
integrative; as teacher involves
the
 senses in teaching
learning of the
students to be able to gain
knowledge.

10. Behaviorism - behavior is Any proof of behaviorism? In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is
shaped deliberately by forces in Curriculum Development, it
the environment and that the shows
type of person and actions that there is a Behaviorism by
desired can be the product of which the curriculum shall be
design; behavior is determined learner
by others, rather than by centered, inclusive and
person's own free will; teacher developmentally appropriate; we
must carefully shape desirable teachers
behavior; drills are commonly encourage
used to enhance learning students to
rewards reinforce learning. perform desired behavior as they
giving reward for
their good
performance.

11. Constructivism- Learners Any proof of constructivism? In K 12 Curriculum Framework,

are capable of constructing it
knowledge and meaning; shows that there is a
teaching -learning therefore is Constructivism
constructing knowledge and in which it encourages students
meaning; teacher does not just to
“tell” or dictate but asks consider this to share their
learners for knowledge they valuable
construct and meaning of knowledge and experiences as
lesson the
learner.

12. Other Philosophies

 Learning Episode 16 Activity 16.2
Articulating My Personal Philosophy of Teaching

Resource Teacher:_______________ School:____________

Grade/Year Level:_______________Subject:_______________________ Date:_____________

OBSERVE
 Observe how a teacher relates to every learner and how he/she proceeds with her
teaching.
 Accomplish this Observation Sheet.

Here are philosophies of education. Find out which philosophies were manifested in
class by observing what and how teacher teaches and relates to learners.
Philosophies of Education Teaching Behavior (State what the teacher
said, taught or did)
1. Essentialism - teach mastery of the basics; In what way was teacher essentialist?
curriculum is prescribed; subject matter-
centered there are universal, objective values; E.g. He/she saw to it that the students mastered
inculcate values; subject basic concepts and skills.

He/she inculcated values.

2. Perennialism - teach those that last, the The teacher teaches the students to think rationally
classics; there are universal values; inculcate and critically.
these universal, objective values
His/her is primarily concerned with the importance
of mastery of the content and development of
reasoning skills.
[Link]- very child-centered; teach Teachers develop the lifelong learners.
those that interest the child; one learns by
experience; learners learn by doing so teacher Teachers enable students to learn through
teacher's teaching is experiential; values are cooperative learning activities
subjective; no inculcation of values since they
are subjective; instead teachers help students
clarify their values

[Link] - school is agent of Teacher also is the agenda for change and reform.
change; schooling is preparing students for the
social changes; teaching is involving the The teacher involves the students in discussions of
students in discussions of moral dilemmas moral dilemmas to understand the implications of
one's actions.
[Link]- Teachers teach learners to Teacher help student to define who they are or
make a choice, to make decisions and not their essence as an individual.
merely to follow the crowd; one who does not
make a choice and so simply follow others do Teacher helps students to understand and
not leave meaningful life appreciate themselves as unique individuals who
accept complete responsibility for their thoughts,
feelings, and actions
6. Pragmatism - That which is useful, that Teacher teaches the student how to become
which is practical and that which works is what practical.
is good; that which is efficient and effective is
that which is good. e.g. showing a video clip on Teacher use active project-based learning strategies
mitosis is more efficient and more effective and in the classroom and focus on topics relevant to
therefore more practical than teacher coming up students' lives.
with a visual aid by drawing mistosis on a
cartolina or illustration board

7. Rationalism- emphasizes the development of Teacher develop the reasoning power of the
the learners' reasoning powers; knowledge learners
comes though reason; teacher must develop the
reasoning power of the learner

8. Utilitarianism - what is good is that which is Teachers will do whatever it takes to make sure that
most useful (that which brings happiness) to the the majority of the class is succeeding academically.
greatest number of peoples;

9. Empiricism - source of knowledge is through Teacher philosophically belief that states your
the senses; teacher must involve the senses in knowledge of the world is based on your
teaching-learning experiences.

10. Behaviorism - behavior is shaped Teacher arrange environment condition to change

deliberately by forces in the environment and behavior.
that the type of person and actions desired can
be the product of design; behavior is determined Teacher teach students to respond favorably to
by others, rather than by person's own free will; various stimuli in the environment.
teacher must carefully shape desirable behavior;
drills are commonly used to enhance learning,
rewards reinforce learning.

[Link] - Learners are capable of Teacher teach students to learn how to learn.
constructing knowledge and meaning; teaching - Teacher encourages students to freely explore their
learning therefore is constructing knowledge own ideas and share concepts with one another in
and meaning; teacher does not just “tell” or nontraditional ways.
dictate but asks learners for knowledge they
construct and meaning of lesson

12. Other Philosophies

ANALYZE

1. Based on your findings and observations in Activity 16.1 and Activity 16.2, which
philosophies of education are dominant in Philippine basic schools? Why do you say so?
The dominant philosophies would be the progressivism and constructivism because it
characterizes a learner centered type of teaching. This philosophy is commonly used in
Philippine basic school because it gives more attention on the needs of the students rather than
simply teaching what is written on a book which enable the students develop critical thinking
skills. Furthermore, these philosophies adhere to teach students knowledge and skills that
relevant to the experiences and interest of the students.

2. If there is one philosophy that schools and teachers should give more attention to, what
should that be and why?
Behaviorism should be give given more attention of schools and teachers. Nowadays, many
students are knowledgeable but doesn’t possess a good behavior. Because one factor that affects
the student’s attitude is his environment. This philosophy could help the school environment be a
safe space for students to learn. We can use positive reinforcement like compliments and treats to
boost their confidence. In that way we can alter the student’s behavior to be more active in
classroom.
REFLECT
What is your philosophy of teaching? This describes what you believed you should teach,
how you should teach and how you should relate to others in school-with the learners, your
colleague our Superiors and all other stakeholders. Write them down. This is your title, "My
Philosophy of Teaching.”

My Philosophy of Teaching

These may be of help:

I believe that the learner............(concept of the learner)

I believe that I should teach the learners....(what)

by.........(how)

I believe that I.... (how should you relate to learners, colleagues, superior, parents and other

stakeholders)

My teaching philosophy is to make the material I teach more accessible to the students.
When a learner cannot identify with the content, it is sometimes more difficult for them
to grasp the meaning. My objective as a future teacher is to assist pupils connect with
persons, locations, and concepts that are distinct from their own life experiences.
SHOW your Learning Artifacts

Accomplished Observation Sheets

My Philosophy of Teaching

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