PCOG - Intro
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1. Babylonians Laws of Hammurabi, Clay human models
2. Ayurveda Science of life, mother of all healing arts
3. Charaka Samhita text on internal medicine
4. Sushruta sambita surgeries and instruments
5. Egyptians Papyrus ebers, embalming
6. Dioscorides wrote De Materia Medica or "The Medicinal Material"
7. Plants in De Materia Belladonna, Ergot, Aloe, Colchicum, Opium
Medica
8. Claudius Galen Father of Pharmaceutical Compounding, Described
methods and processes of preparing formulas con-
taining plant and animal drugs
9. Hippocrates Father of Medicine
10. Theophrastus Father of Botany
11. C.A. Seydler Coined pharmacognosy from "pharmakon" & "gnosis"
in Analecta Pharmacognostica
12. J.A. Schmidt Used the word "pharmacognosis" in his Lehrbuch de
Materia Medica, Pharmacodynamics
13. Friedrich August Simultaneous application of various scientific disci-
Fluckiger plines with the object of acquiring drugs from every
point of view
14. Friedrich Serturner discovered Morphine
15. Pelletier and Caven- discovered quinine
tou
16. Crude Drugs
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vegetables or animal drugs consists of natural sub-
stances that had undergone only the process of Col-
lection and Drying
17. Crude Drugs also called "Plant exudates"
18. Natural Substances whole plants and their parts; animals and their excised
organs
19. Infusion Hot water extraction
20. Maceration soaked in solvent for long periods of time
21. Digestion <35-40oC
22. Decoction boiling water
23. berries, coffee, digi- Plants using manual harvesting
talis
24. apples and oranges plants using mechanical harvesting
25. Curing special drying process
26. MgO for 1 year Curing of Cascara sagrada
27. Sweating Curing of vanilla
28. Expose to 65oC, Preservation method
drops of methyl bro-
mide, drops of CCl4
29. Cannabidiol when Cannabis sativa is still young
30. Cannabinol when Cannabis sativa matures
31. Inferiority any substandard drug/article regardless of cause
32. Spoilage substandard in which quality has been impaired by the
action of bacteria
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33. Deterioration destruction of active constituents due to aging or bac-
teria
34. Admixture unintentional addition of article to another
35. Sophistication true adulteration, intentional
36. Substitution worst kind; total replacement, intentional
37. Labiatae Lamiaceae
38. Compositae Asteraceae
39. Umbelliferae Apiaceae
40. Leguminosae Fabaceae
41. Crussiferae Brassicaceae
42. Graminae Poaceae
43. Guttiferae Clussiaceae
44. Palmae Arecaceae
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