INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY - KATUNAYAKE

Department of Electrical Engineering

EE2030 – Introduction to Telecommunication

Experiment: 01

CHANNEL IMPAIRMENTS

Instructed By :
Student Name :
Registration Number :
Group No :
Date of Performed :
Date of Submission :
 INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-KATUNAYAKE

Department of Electrical Engineering

EE2030 – Introduction to Telecommunication

Student Name:
Registration Number: Group No.
Date of Performed: Date Due:

Initial Submission Date: Re Submission Date:

Instructors use only

Lab No. Lab Name Marks 100%

Marking Guide Attitudes and Behavior 10%

Line Performance for Experiment
20%

70%
Discussion and course work presentation

Lecturer or
Demonstrator’s
Feedback

Assessed By:
Signature Date
 Institute of Engineering Technology
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Semester 2
EE2030 – Introduction to Telecommunication

Lab 01 - CHANNEL IMPAIRMENTS

Learning Outcomes:
Upon completion of this module, the students should be able to,
1) Study the frequency dependence of a line.
2) Study how the channel impairments occur on a transmission line.

Apparatus:

 Cable(100m) with tapping points

 Resistors (22 Ω / 68 Ω )
 Connecting plugs and leads
 Function generator
 Oscilloscope

Theory:

In telecommunication system we use both wired and wireless transmission methods to

transmit signals according to our requirements. When transmit signals, channel impairments
occur on the transmitting signals. As a result of that it is hard to get transmitted input signal
as the received output signal. So it is better to use methods which reduce channel
impairments. As well as telecommunication system should be designed to overcome these
impairments.
In telecommunication we use both analog and digital signals for transmission. Also we use
several medias to transmit signals in telecommunication as below.
 Wire
 Air
 Underwater
 Optical

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 Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3 - PNP Transistor Biasing
Procedure: Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2 - Potential Barriers of PNP & NPN

Task 1
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 1.
2. Connect the oscilloscope to observe voltages of input and output signals.
3. Vary the frequency of the input sine wave signal while maintaining VIN(P-P) in 8V using
function generator.
4. Measure the VOUT(P-P) and record the values in the table 1 using oscilloscope.

Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 7 - BJT in DC

Operation

Task 2
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 1.
2. Connect the oscilloscope to observe input and output signals.
3. Vary the frequency of the input square wave signal while maintaining VIN(P-P) in 8V using
function generator.
Frequencies: 1 kHz
500 kHz
1000kHz

4. Observe the input and output signals using oscilloscope and plot them on the provided
sheets.

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Observations:

Task 1

Frequency ( kHz) Input voltage (V) Output voltage (V)

1
500
1000

Task 2

Frequency = 1 kHz

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Frequency = 500 kHz

Frequency = 1000 kHz

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Discussion:
1) Explain about analog and digital signals.

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2) Simply explain the channel impairments in telecommunication.

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3) List down the reasons for channel impairment and explain them.

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4) Explain SNR.

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5) Discuss about the methods that we can use to overcome the channel impaierments.

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Note: Students should submit this filled sheet after the practical.

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