MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

“UNDERSTANDING THE LATEST TECHNOLOGIES IN

HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY”

Under the Guidance of

Kirti Verma
Assistant Professor , ICCMRT

Submitted in Partial fulfillment for the award of

Degree of Master of Business Administration from
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow

Submitted By:

Manshi Gupta
Rollno: 2301240700033
MBA SEMESTER 2nd
MBA (Batch 2023-2025)

INSTITUTE OF CO-OPERATIVE & CORPORATE MANAGEMENT,

RESEARCH AND TRAINING
LUCKNOW-226016
 Phone: 271631, 2716092
Fax: (0522) 2716092
E-mail: info@[Link]
Website: [Link]

Institute of Co-operative & Corporate Management

Research and Training
467, Sector-21, Ring Road, Indira Nagar, Lucknow-226016
सहकारी एवं कॉर्पोरेट प्रबंधन संस्थान, अनुसंधान एवं प्रशिक्षण 467, सेक्टर-21, रिंग रोड, इंदिरा नगर, लखनऊ-226016
Date/दिनांक ……………….

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Manshi Gupta (Batch 2023-2025), a student of the Master of
Business Administration (MBA) Programme(Batch 2023-2025) At this institute has
conducted a Mini Project titled “UNDERSTANDING THE LATEST
TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY” under my guidance during 1st
semester. The Mini Project has been prepared towards partial fulfillment for the award of
an MBA degree from Dr. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY. The
Mini Project report is the original contribution of the student.
The Mini Project report is hereby recommended and forwarded for evolution.

Certified By: Submitted to:

(DR. K. ANBUMANI ) Kirti Verma
PRINCIPAL, ICCMRT Assistant Professor/
(Faculty Mentor)
 DECLARATION

I Manshi Gupta, a student of the Master of Business Administration (MBA) Programme (Batch
2023-2025) at the Institute of Co-operative & Corporate Management Research and Training,
Lucknow hereby declare that all the information, fact and figures used in the Mini Project titled
“UNDERSTANDING THE LATEST TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY”.
All have been collected by me and I also declare that this mini-project report has been prepared by
me and the same has never been submitted by the undersigned either in part or in full to any other
university or institute or published earlier.
This information is true to the best of my knowledge and belief.

Date: ......................
Manshi Gupta
MBA SEMESTER 2nd
Year (2023-25)
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

I, Manshi Gupta, owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and
supported me during the writing of this project. Thanks and appreciation to the employees of
the organization for their help and unbiased responses regarding my queries. My deepest
thanks to the director of our institute Mr. Alok Dixit for his continued support. I express my
thanks to the Principal of ICCMRT Lucknow, Dr. [Link] (Associate Professor,
Principal) for extending his support and valuable guidance. My deepest thanks to Kirti
Verma (Assistant Professor) the Faculty Mentor of the project for guiding and correcting
various documents of mine with attention and care, he has taken pain to go through the
project and make necessary corrections as and when needed.

Date: ……………….

Manshi
Gupta
MBA Semester 2nd
BATCH ( 2023-25)
 PREFACE

In our two year degree program of M.B.A, there is a provision for doing research work

in the specialization in last semester. The essential purpose of this project is to give an exposure

and detailed outlook of the practical concepts. For this purpose, I was assigned the project on

“LATEST TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY”.

This has given me an altogether new experience, which I believe, would be immense help in my

days to come. The project was Informative, interesting and inspiring. I hope the readers would

find the information found in this report useful and interesting.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

S.N TOPIC PAGE

O. NO.
1 Certificate I

2 Declaration II

3 Acknowledgement III

4 Preface IV

5 CHAPTER -1 7-23
Introduction of
Healthcare Industry
6 CHAPTER -2 24-25
Uses of Technology
in Healthcare
Industry
7 CHAPTER – 3 26
Objectives of the
Study
8 CHAPTER -4 27-29
SWOT Analysis
9 CHAPTER – 5 30-36
Emerging Trends
and Technologies
in Healthcare
Industry
10 CHAPTER – 6 37-49
Advantages/Limitatio
ns of Technology in
Healthcare
11 Conclusion 50-52

12 Bibliography 53
 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY

HOW HAS TECHNOLOGY CHANGED THE MEDICAL FIELD?

The healthcare industry, or medical industry, is a sector that provides goods and services to

treat patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, or palliative care. The modern health

care sector is divided into many sub-sectors and depends on interdisciplinary teams of trained

professionals and paraprofessionals to meet the health needs of individuals and populations.

What is Health Care?

Health care (or healthcare) is the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, illness,

injury, and other physical and mental impairments in humans. Health care is delivered by

practitioners in medicine, chiropractic, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other

care providers. It refers to the work done in providing primary care, secondary care, and

tertiary care, as well as in public health.

What is the Healthcare Industry?

The healthcare industry, or medical industry, is a sector that provides goods and services to

treat patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, or palliative care. The healthcare

industry is composed of establishments devoted to prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and

rehabilitation of medical conditions. Such treatment may be through providing products or

services and may be provided privately or publicly. The modern health care sector is divided

into many sub-sectors and depends on interdisciplinary teams of trained professionals and

paraprofessionals to meet the health needs of individuals and populations. The health care

industry includes establishments ranging from small-town private practices of physicians who

Employ only one medical assistant to busy inner-city hospitals that provide thousands of

diverse jobs. The Healthcare industry is littered with risks and challenges, as it is an industry

that requires constant innovation under increased regulations.

The health care industry is one of the largest industries in the world, and it has a direct effect

on the quality of life of people in each country. Health care (or healthcare) is the diagnosis,

treatment, and prevention of disease, illness, injury, and other physical and mental

impairments in humans. Health care is delivered by practitioners in medicine, chiropractic,

dentistry, nursing, pharmacy, allied health, and other care providers. The health care industry,

or medical industry, is a sector that provides goods and services to treat patients with curative,

preventive, rehabilitative, or palliative care.

Medicine is the field of health and healing. It includes nurses, doctors, and various specialists.

It covers diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, medical research, and many other

aspects of health. Medicine aims to promote and maintain health and wellbeing.

Conventional modern medicine is sometimes called allopathic medicine. It involves the use of drugs

or surgery, often supported by counseling and lifestyle measures.

A clinician is a health worker who works directly with patients in a hospital or other
healthcare setting. Nurses, doctors, psychotherapists, and other specialists are all clinicians.

Not all medical specialists are clinicians. Researchers and laboratory workers are not

clinicians because they do not work with patients.

The physician assesses the individual, with the aim of diagnosing, treating, and preventing

disease using knowledge learned from training, research, and experiences, and clinical

judgment.

The service sector is going through almost revolutionary change. New services are continually

being launched to satisfy our existing needs. Size of the service sector is increasing in almost

all economies around the world. It has fueled worldwide economic growth. In India, the

service industry which was contributing to just 35% of the Indian economy in the 1980s, has

grown substantially in the last two decades. Out of all service sectors, the healthcare sector

shows phenomenal growth.

Healthcare is regarded as the most important and fast growing sector. It reached Rs.4.9 trillion

in 2012. Health is wealth. Health of people has social value. Every citizen should get the best

health services at an affordable price. Healthcare services were in the past regarded as

philanthropic activity. There was a time when healthcare meant only hospitals. In developing

countries like India, mainly the government provided it. Considering healthcare as a

commercial industry was beyond imagination. Now that industry has become a profit making

activity. It is running like a corporate house. It encompasses a much broader meaning. It is a

people centric or labor-intensive industry. People view hospitals as a place where the sick and

injured receive medical help. But, it is only the primary mission of that industry. Other

important

secondary missions are education of physicians, paramedical personnel and prevention of

diseases and promotion of health standards, awareness and clinical research. It embraces many
other allied services diagnostic services, pathological labs, physiotherapy centers, ambulance

services, fitness centers, health pain clinics, etc. So it is also called a corporate entity. Initially,

there was resistance to corporatization of healthcare as medical services traditionally were

considered sacred and a doctor was next to God. So many people believe that

commercialization would lower the dignity of such a sacred profession.

Health is clearly not the mere absence of disease. Good health confers on a person or groups

freedom from illness. The health of the population is a distinct key issue in public policy

discourse in every mature society. Healthcare covers not merely medical care but also aspects

of preventive care, curative care too. Health is better defined as an indispensable basis for a

person's sense of well-being. Health status of any population is not only the record of

mortality and its mobility profile but also based on attitude towards self-care. Perception of

the people changed due to the Cultural Revolution.

The healthcare industry, or medical industry, is a sector that provides goods and services to

treat patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, or palliative care. The modern health

care sector is divided into many sub-sectors and depends on interdisciplinary teams of trained

professionals and paraprofessionals to meet the health needs of individuals and populations.

This article provides an overview of the medical industry.

This section is an attempt to understand the definitions, cultural, political, organizational, and
disciplinary perspectives of this industry. This section is designed to help learners understand

key concepts, terminology, issues, and challenges associated with the healthcare industry, and

strategies employed to meet some of those challenges. It will identify the main sectors of the

healthcare industry and its business drivers, and review the key aspects of the industry

business model, its competitive environment, and the current trends in the industry. The target

audience for these tutorials is IT professionals working on the healthcare domain, consulting

houses, industry investors, and all size companies that sell products or services to healthcare

sectors and allied industries. This section will be useful for organizations and professionals

looking for knowledge and key business information in the healthcare industry.
 India's competitive advantage lies in its large pool of well-trained medical professionals. India is

also cost competitive compared to its peers in Asia and western countries. The cost of surgery in

India is about one-tenth of that in the US or Western Europe.

India has all the essential ingredients for the exponential growth in this sector, including a large

population, a robust pharma and medical supply chain, 750 million plus smartphone users, 3rd

largest start-up pool globally with easy access to VC (Venture Capital Fund) funding and innovative

tech entrepreneurs looking to solve global healthcare problems.

India will have about 50 clusters for faster clinical testing of medical devices to boost product

development and innovation.

The sector will be driven by life expectancy, shift in disease burden, changes in preferences,

growing middle class, increase in health insurance, medical support, infrastructure development and

policy support and incentives.

As of 2021, the Indian healthcare sector is one of India’s largest employers as it employs 4.7

million people. The sector has generated 2.7 million additional jobs in India between 2017-22 - over

500,000 new jobs per year.

The healthcare industry (also called the medical industry or health economy) is an aggregation

and integration of sectors within the economic system that provides goods and services to treat

patients with curative, preventive, rehabilitative, and palliative care. It includes the generation and

commercialization of goods and services lending themselves to maintaining and re-establishing

health. The modern healthcare industry includes three essential branches which are services,

products, and finance, and may be divided into many sectors and categories and depends on the

interdisciplinary teams of trained professionals and paraprofessionals to meet the health needs of

individuals and populations.

 LATEST HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGIES

1- Smart inhalers

Inhalers are the main treatment option for asthma and if taken correctly, will be effective for

90% of patients. However, in reality, research shows that only about 50% of patients have their

condition under control and as many as 94% don’t use inhalers properly. To help asthma

sufferers to better manage their condition, Bluetooth-enabled smart inhalers have been

developed. A small device is attached to the inhaler which records the date and time of each dose

and whether it was correctly administered. This data is then sent to the patients’ smartphones so

they can keep track of and control their condition. Clinical trials showed that using the smart

inhaler device used less reliever medicine and had more reliever-free days.
2- Robotic surgery

Robotic surgery is used in minimally invasive procedures and helps to aid in precision, control

and flexibility. During robotic surgery, surgeons can perform very complex procedures that

are

otherwise either highly difficult or impossible. As the technology improves, it can be

combined with augmented reality to allow surgeons to view important additional information

about the patient in real time while still operating. While the invention raises concerns that it

will eventually replace human surgeons, it is likely to be used only to assist and enhance

surgeons’ work in the future. Read more about robotic surgery here.
3- Wireless brain sensors

Thanks to plastics, medical advances have allowed scientists and doctors to team up and

create bioresorbable electronics that can be placed in the brain and dissolve when they are no

longer needed, according to [Link]. This medical device will aid doctors in

measuring the temperature and pressure within the brain. Since the sensors are able to

dissolve, they reduce the need for additional surgeries.

4- 3-D printing

If you haven’t heard, 3-D printers have quickly become one of the hottest technologies on the

market. These printers can be used to create implants and even joints to be used during

surgery. 3-D-printed

prosthetics are increasingly popular as they are entirely bespoke, the digital functionalities enabling

them to match an individual’s measurements down to the millimeter. The allows for unprecedented

levels of comfort and mobility. The use of printers can create both long lasting and soluble items. For

example, 3-D printing can be used to ‘print’ pills that contain multiple drugs, which will help patients

with the organization, timing and monitoring of multiple medications. This is a true example of
technology and medicine working together.

5- Artificial organs

To take 3D printing up another notch, bio-printing is also an emerging medical technology.

While it was initially ground-breaking to be able to regenerate skin cells for skin draughts for

burn victims, this has slowly given way to even more exciting possibilities. Scientists have

been able to create blood vessels, synthetic ovaries and even a pancreas. These artificial

organs then grow within the patient’s body to replace the original faulty one. The ability to
supply artificial organs that are not rejected by the body’s immune system could be

revolutionary, saving millions of patients that depend on life-saving transplants every year.

6- Health wearables

The demand for wearable devices has grown since their introduction in the past few years,

since the release of bluetooth in 2000. People today use their phone to track everything from

their steps, physical fitness and heartbeat, to their sleeping patterns. The advancement of these

wearable technologies is in conjunction with rising chronic diseases like diabetes and

cardiovascular disease, and aim to combat these by helping patients to monitor and improve

their [Link] late 2018, Apple made headlines with their groundbreaking Apple Series 4

Watch that has an integrated ECG to monitor the wearer's heart rhythms. Within days of its

release, customers were raving about the life saving technology, which is able to detect

potentially dangerous heart conditions much earlier than usual. The wearable devices market

is forecast to reach $67 billion by 2024.

7- Precision medicine

As medical technology advances it is becoming more and more personalized to individual

patients. Precision medicine, for example, allows physicians to select medicines and therapies

to treat diseases, such as cancer, based on an individual’s genetic make-up. This personalized

medicine is far more effective than other types of treatment as it attacks tumors based on the

patient’s specific genes and proteins, causing gene mutations and making it more easily

destroyed by the cancer meds.

Precision medicine can also be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It uses a similar mechanism

of attacking the disease’s vulnerable genes to weaken it and reduce symptoms and joint

damage.
8- Virtual reality

Virtual reality has been around for some time. However, recently, with medical and

technological advances, medical students have been able to get close to real life experience

using technology. Sophisticated tools help them gain the experience they need by rehearsing

procedures and providing a visual understanding of how the human anatomy is connected. The

VR devices will also serve as a great aid for patients, helping with diagnosis, treatment plans

and to help prepare them for procedures they are facing. It has also proved very useful in-

patient rehabilitation and recovery.

9- Telehealth

In a technologically driven world, it’s thought that as many as 60% of customers prefer

digitally-led services. Telehealth describes a quickly developing technology that allows

patients to receive medical care through their digital devices, instead of waiting for face-to-

face appointments with their doctor. For example, highly- personalized mobile apps are being

developed which allow patients to speak virtually with physicians and other medical

professionals to receive instant diagnosis and medical advice.

With oversubscribed services, telehealth gives patients different access points to healthcare

when and where they need it. It is particularly useful for patients managing chronic conditions

as it provides them with consistent, convenient and cost-effective care. The global

telemedicine market is expected to be worth $113.1 billion by 2025.

10- . CRISPR

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) is the most advanced

gene-editing technology yet. It works by harnessing the natural mechanisms of the immune

systems of bacterium cells of invading viruses, which is then able to ‘cut out’ infected DNA

strands. This cutting of DNA is what has the power to potentially transform the way we treat

disease. By modifying genes, some of the biggest threats to our health, like cancer and HIV,

could potentially be overcome in a matter of years.

However, as with all powerful tools there are several controversies surrounding its widespread

use, mostly over humanity’s right to ‘play God’ and worries over gene- editing being used to

produce hordes of designer babies. CRISPR is still a first- generation tool and its full

capabilities are not yet understood.

As the years pass, technology in pharmaceuticals and medicine will continue to improve.
People are living longer and fewer diseases are deemed incurable. Jobs in the pharmaceutical

industry are in higher demand now than ever. Who knows what the next year will bring in

medical advancements !If you’d like to be part of this exciting industry, Proclinical Staffing

are recruiting for a variety of roles from top pharma, biotech and medical device companies.

As technology plays a very important role in every field of the world. New technological

devices are invented in every field to help people and make work easier for them. Also,

technology plays a very important role in the medical field and Healthcare. There are a lot of

technological devices and equipment invented for the health care of [Link] medical

devices include an insulin pump, digital thermometer, blood glucose meter, pulse oximeters,

wireless brain sensors, smart inhaler, etc. These devices are made for improving the health

care of patients. Medical technology includes all the technological devices or equipment that

are used to save human life. In the medical industry, there are more than 500,000

technological devices and equipment available used in hospitals and other healthcare

departments. Before the invention of medical technology, doctors only could predict the

disease. That is the disease or problem the patients are suffering from. Actually, it's very

difficult for doctors to find out the exact problems or diseases people are suffering from. But

after the developments and inventions of medical technologies, it became very easy for them

to find out the problem or disease and give proper treatment to the patients for [Link],

technology plays a very important role in the field of medicine or healthcare. The technology

has a lot of benefits in the medical industry but also has disadvantages.
 CHAPTER 2

USES OF TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE

● To promote awareness of health care among all sections of the Indian people.

● To promote awareness among functionaries involved in Health and Hospital

Management.

● To promote research in the field of Health and Hospital Management. in order to

improve the efficiency of Health Care delivery Systems.

● To promote the development of high quality hospital services and community health

care.

● To promote a forum for the exchange of ideas and information among health and hospital

planners, academicians, administrators, various statutory bodies and the general public

for the improvement of Hospital and Health Care delivery Systems.

● To develop norms and standards for accreditation of the Health Care Organization and

adopt means of evaluation of such institutions, so as to improve the quality of healthcare

in the community.

● To provide opportunities for training and research in all aspects of Hospital Services

Health Care Delivery System and Health Care Administration.

● To update the knowledge and skill of the Health & Hospital Administrators and other

personnel involved in the management of health care organizations through continuous

education and research.

● To promote and grant recognition to research in the fields of Health and Hospital

Management and to grant awards, scholarship and assistance in other suitable forms to
 meritorious individuals and institutions.

● To act as Advisory /Consultative Body, in the best interest of community and country, to

Central and State Governments, Public Sector Undertakings, Health Care Delivery

Organization, Public Health & Health System Development, Teaching and Training

Organization and any other Health related allied organization, when need arises or

services are asked for.

● To provide Health Care Advocacy for the benefit of health system management and to

endeavor to become a national advisory body for union and state governments.

● To publish textbooks and periodic monographs on current and futuristic trends in health

and hospital management.

● To help in preparation of SOPs, Manuals, Literature and Books on Health Care

Management, Quality & Accreditation, Healthcare Technology, HealthCare Industry

related subjects, Textbooks for Health Management Courses for benefit of the Students

& Faculty, Hospital and Health Care Organizations and Academic Institutions.

● To undertake Professional Consultancy in the field of Health System Management,

Quality & Accreditation, Health Technology Assessment, Medical Tourism, Disaster

Management, Health Care Delivery Organization, Public Health Facilities & Services for

overall improvement of the facilities.

● To conduct inter hospital/ Institution awards competition on various parameters to bring

competitiveness for improving healthcare quality & training.

● To recognize and felicitate the individuals who have made exceptional and significant

contributions in the field of Health and Hospital Management in general and to the

Academy in paretic.
 CHAPTER - 3

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

❖ The ultimate goal of information technology in healthcare is to enhance the overall health of the

population by improving the quality of care that patients receive.

❖ To appraise health interventions and technologies based on available data on resource use, cost,

clinical effectiveness and safety.

❖ Digital Health Technologies helps reduce inefficiencies, improve access, reduce costs, increase

quality and make medicine more personalized for patients.

❖ To promote healthy living and facilitate prevention, early detection and management of non-

communicable disease.
 CHAPTER 4

SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths

Identify your strengths and leverage their power to establish your brand. You can quickly identify your

strengths through dialogues with your staff. Your internal strengths may include skilled and experienced

staff, few bad debts, a strong brand name, a solid patient base, an excellent location, etc. Answer

questions such as:

● What inspires new patients to come to you?

● What advantages does your practice have over local competitors?

 ● Do you have access to any unique resources?

Weakness

Identify areas of underperformance or weakness in your practice. Be realistic and develop a strategy to

address your challenges. Dig deep to understand how your patients perceive your practice. Some typical

examples of weaknesses in medical practices include staff shortages, long waiting times for patients,

poor financial management, high staff turnover, poor location, shabby premises, outdated equipment,

and inability to attract new patients. Answer questions such as:

● What factors cause you to lose patients or prevent you from attracting new ones?

● How do you measure up against competitors?

● How do your patients perceive you?

Opportunities

These are favorable external factors that could give you a competitive advantage. Since opportunities

typically arise from situations outside your practice, you should always keep an eye on your future

possibilities. You can pinpoint and exploit opportunities that can make a huge difference in your ability

to compete in your market. Your opportunities might include:

● A market vacated by a competitor

● Availability of new technology

● Changes in your population profile

● Changes in patient needs

● Vulnerability of a competitor
 ● Lack of dominant competition

● A new, more profitable market segment

● New vertical, horizontal, or niche markets

Use your SWOT analysis to answer questions such as:

● Where are the obvious opportunities facing you?

● Are there any emerging medical trends that may provide opportunities?
● Are there any special market conditions that may open doors for your medical practice?

Threats

Be realistic about the threats you face when you conduct your SWOT analysis in healthcare. The sooner

you accept and face your threats, the sooner you can begin to overcome them. Identify where your

practice is and where you expect it to be in the future. Visualize how you will overcome your obstacles.

Differentiate minor threats from those with the potential to destroy your practice.

For example, your competitor’s newly renovated office or new equipment may make your practice look

old and obsolete. This could result in you losing patients. Anything that gets in the way of your goals is

a threat. The purpose of a SWOT analysis is to protect your practice against threats such as stiff

competition, staff dissatisfaction, security breaches, or dissatisfied patients. Answer questions such as:

▪ What difficulties do you face?

▪ Should you be worried about your competition?

▪ Are technological advances making your practice look obsolete?

▪ Could any of your weaknesses threaten your business?

▪ Can you convert threats into opportunities?

 CHAPTER 5

EMERGING TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGIES IN HEALTHCARE

INDUSTRY

HEALTHCARE TECHNOLOGY TRENDS ARE AS FOLLOWS

TELEMEDICINE

Telemedicine, or the act of clinicians seeing patients virtually instead of in physical workplaces and medical

clinics, has expanded colossally during the pandemic as populations around the globe have restricted

physical experiences. This practice has shown that remote consultations are conceivable, yet in addition

easy and often preferable. A few experts state that this is just the start, and soon the size of telemedicine will

increase

VIRTUAL REALITY

The patient and doctor’s lives are overhauled with virtual reality. Later on, while you get worked on and

to divert the pain patients taken to a vacation location. The development and the effect are failing to meet

expectations for virtual reality innovation starting in 2020, yet the coming years will consistently be

productive. The technologies are helpful for patients in pain management. Additionally, women are

furnished with virtual reality headset to forget the labor pain.

THE INTERNET OF MEDICAL THINGS (IOMT)

Different devices and mobile apps have come to play an important part in tracking and forestalling

persistent ailments for some patients and their doctors. By consolidating IoT development with
telemedicine and telehealth innovations, a new Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) has arisen. This

methodology incorporates the utilization of wearables, including ECG and EKG monitors. Numerous

other medical estimations can likewise be taken, for example, skin temperature, glucose level, and pulse

readings.

By 2025, the IoT business will be worth $6.2 trillion. The healthcare services industry has gotten so

dependent on IoT innovation in 2020 that 30% of that market share for IoT devices will come from

healthcare.

MOBILE HEALTH

The quick headways we are finding in the healthcare application space will proceed in 2021 too. Apple has

released its open-source programming structures like Carekit and Research kit which are incredible

platforms for application designers to build healthcare based medical apps and contribute to medical

research.

There are numerous healthcare engineers for recruitment with core domain expertise. mHealth activities

would see better results in the year to accompany the emphasis on giving personalized care to singular

patients and utilization of data sharing for research in early diagnosis of illnesses and their therapy.

BLOCKCHAIN

Blockchain is a pattern that stands to unfathomably improve the healthcare industry in 2021 and coming

years. Digital ledgers can empower medical services suppliers to disseminate transaction records to patients

safely and will extraordinarily improve data security. Blockchain’s peer-to-peer system permits huge

quantities of users to safely approach a common ledger. Because of blockchain, there is no requirement for

a premise of trust between two parties. As healthcare technology keeps on improving, convey ability,

security, and accessibility are totally wanted goals that blockchain can help complete alongside different
patterns like IoMT and cloud computing.

CLOUD COMPUTING

Data collection and record keeping are an indispensable part of medical services, and truly, the

management of this data has consistently been a challenge for healthcare suppliers. Cloud computing in

healthcare has become the go-to choice for the management of electronic medical records.

It is worthwhile for both patients as well as healthcare providers as it makes the consultation process more

consistent and spares important time. Putting away information on the cloud gives it remote accessibility

and facilitates better collaboration.

NANOTECHNOLOGY

The future in the healthcare industry is about nanotechnology, the headway in nanotechnology will help

streamline the treatments. Organizations are giving a nano-pill camera that is utilized to study inside part of

the body and assists with treating patients better. The coming years will assist us with better

nanotechnology pills, nano-particles will go about as the drug delivery system, especially in treating

cancer.

3D-PRINTING

The future go for medical services is comprehensively observed with 3D printing technology with printing

the body tissue till the artificial appendages, veins, pills, and some more. Organizations are delivering skin

tissues with the platelets that help in supplanting the skin burn, and other skin related issues faced by the

patients. The medications printed from 3D printing advances have been used since 2015 that are endorsed

by the FDA.
BIG DATA AND PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS

Arrangement and collation of healthcare data which is far-reaching is a challenge in itself. Combination of

ground-breaking computing, advanced database technologies. A tremendous amount of healthcare

information is being generated at both organizational as well as individual level going from medical

diagnosis and imaging data in medication to observing fitness information. The big data analytics tools and

storehouses produce reliable and calculative experiences out of these volumes of information within a very

short duration.
 The Impact of Digital Technology on Healthcare

Digital technology has become an integral part of healthcare and is all set to revolutionize the

practice of medicine. Digital technology has greatly improved operational efficiency with

respect to standards of medical care. The transformation has significantly enhanced the overall

experience of both healthcare professionals and patients.

Some of the areas where digital technology has made an enormous impact in healthcare

include:

1. Improved Access to Medical Information and Data: One of the biggest benefits of the

digital revolution has been the ability to store and access data. Healthcare professionals can

now retrieve patient data from anywhere. Also, the intranet and internet have allowed

healthcare professionals to share medical information rapidly with each other, resulting in

more efficient patient care.

2. Big Data: Another great benefit of digital technology is that it allows clinicians to gather

big data in minimal time. For those conducting epidemiological studies, research, or clinical

trials, digital technology allows for the instant collection of data from a much more diverse

and
Larger population than ever before. Such data collection allows for meta-analysis and permits

healthcare professionals to stay on top of cutting edge techniques and trends. Also, access to

big data allows clinicians to identify risk factors and recommend appropriate

preventive/intervention steps more effectively.

3. Improved Lines of Communication: There was a time not too long ago when healthcare

workers used a beeper to communicate. But today, digital technology has made

communication between healthcare providers and patients very easy. Healthcare workers can

stay in touch through email, smartphones, text messaging etc. No longer do physicians have to

mail out letters to patients reminding them of their appointments and tests. Technology has

made all this much simpler and much more cost-effective. Also, medical professionals can

make their own webinars, videos and use online platforms and social media to communicate

with other professionals. Teleconferencing has made it easy to communicate beyond

geographic borders.

4. Electronic Health Records: The introduction of digital technology has been a blessing

when it comes to patient medical records. In the old days, large paper files were moved from

department to department. It often happened that during transport, patient medical charts went

missing or were damaged. It sometimes took a long time to find medical records in emergency

departments if patients came at night or during the weekend. Referring patients

was also a tedious process and physicians had to send a large box containing the patient chart.

Medical records were all over the place; some records remained with the dentist, some with

the psychiatrist, some with the internist and some with the rehabilitation specialist. In simple

words, it was total chaos. All this has changed with electronic health records (EHR) which

have made life easier for both healthcare providers and patients. Access to EHRs has resulted

in a centralized storage of all patient data and faster access for improved care and better
outcomes. EHRs also enable faster, smoother and easier medical billing.

5. Telemedicine/Telehealth: There are still many places around the world that are rural and

have a shortage of healthcare providers. One important benefit of digital technology is video

conferencing. Not only is telehealth cost-effective, but it can also help determine who needs

emergency assistance. Today, psychiatrists often deliver counseling via telehealth for patients

who are not able to physically come to their clinic. Telecommunication is also being used to

provide education and training to healthcare workers residing in remote areas.

6. Online education: Another important benefit of digital technology is the availability of

online education, specifically in regards to healthcare related degrees. Today, students

interested in pursuing a career in healthcare can complete their healthcare degrees completely

online. This enables them to study where they want, from whichever school they want and in

their own time. The availability of online education for healthcare professionals has eliminated

the need to travel long distances and take time off work.

7. Health Apps: The digital revolution has also resulted in the development of hundreds of

health apps. These apps enable patients to monitor their health and disease, provide them

medical information, allow them access to test results and prompt them when it is time to get

their check-up. Also, healthcare apps enable healthcare workers to quickly check on test

results, drug dosing recommendations and other information they need urgently.

CHAPTER -6
 ADVANTAGES OF TECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE SECTOR

1. Communication Systems in Healthcare Hospital

There are a lot of devices made for the patients contacting the doctors or nurse. These kinds of

digital devices are made for patients who are placed in the patient’s rooms or wards in

[Link] case of emergency, the patients can click the button of these devices. It informs

the doctors or nurses on time to come for the patient.

This is one of the main advantages of technology for patients and doctors. With this kind of

device, without wasting time the doctor can reach the patients and save their lives.

2. Technology Improving Healthcare in Hospitals

There are a lot of technological devices and equipment which improved the healthcare or

treatment of the [Link] portable defibrillator, drug management technology, MR system,

electronic IV monitors are the new technological devices that improved the healthcare of the

patients.

3. Electronic Health Records of Patients in Hospitals

The patient’s health records are now stored in computers. Mostly In the hospitals or also with

the specialists the complete health records of patients are stored on a [Link] patient’s

health records are stored in the database or on the cloud [Link] records in the

computerized system is faster than the paper works. It takes less time instead of paper records
 CHALLENGES FACED BY TECHNOLOGY IN MEDICAL SECTOR

1. Harnessing Advanced Health Technology

In the current tech landscape, dynamics of both hardware and software is changing. For

instance, according to the UK Center for Health Solution report, 48 percent of medical devices

are connected through IoT, which is expected to rise up to 68 percent in the next five years.

Research firm Markets and Markets also reveals that the connected medical device market is

expected to witness a three- fold rise from 2017 to 2022.

Even the software applications used in hospitals, such as Appointment Management System,

Patient Administration System, and Laboratory Information Management System are now

getting powered by advanced techs like AI and machine learning.

To harness the potential of healthcare technology to transform the health systems and develop

a connected healthcare environment, healthcare leaders and clinicians need to forge closer ties

with medical manufacturers and software application development companies. They can share

information and develop new business models and scenarios that can improve the adoption of

new technology in healthcare.

2. Information and Integrated Health Services

Use of connected medical devices and AI-integrated software applications can provide a massive

amount of data to healthcare companies which they can use to generate information.

This data can be of different types such as administrative data, patient medical records,

connected device data, transcript & clinical notes, and patient surveys.

However, most care providers, even top healthcare companies, lack advanced architecture and

data management systems to manage data collected from multiple sources.

The problem is the use of relational databases that cannot efficiently manage unstructured data

collected from multiple sources, meaning the value of the information they are getting is not

absolute.

A transition from relational to the non-relational database could help healthcare service

providers handle large and unstructured data. As the company grows and the flow of data

increases, the database’s architecture can be scaled to make room for the new data.

Healthcare companies need to plan all models for all the management layers— operational,

tactical, and strategic, and partner with reliable integrators having a mature service

management process to support integrated health systems.

3. Cybersecurity

Connected medical devices and a greater need to keep the records of patient information

attract the attention of malicious hackers to healthcare providers. As you can see, healthcare

data breach statistics clearly reveal an upward trend in data breaches from 2009—2018.

Those breaches have resulted in theft/exposure of 189,945,874 healthcare records. That

equates to more than 59% of the population of the United States. If we analyze the health

records exposed each year, we will see a massive increase in 2015, but the situation has

improved since 2015 with successive falls in the number of exposed records. These attacks

call for a robust system for cybersecurity in healthcare, which could prevent data theft and loss

of information and customers’ conviction.

Even in 2014, almost all large health networks fell victim to cyber breaches with 20-percent of

those attacks costing over one million dollars in recovery expenses.

Influenced by the impact of technology in healthcare, Healthcare companies are moving ahead with

their digitization plans. Although they need to be very careful and take proper measures to maintain

healthcare cybersecurity, such as:Limit connected medical equipment access to trusted users

Structure proprietary networks and spend on segregating external and internal medical devices on

enterprise networks

Follow application development security protocols Build a centralized system to manage information

And if they are outsourcing their IT processes to health technology companies, which include

sensitive information such as patients’ personal information or transactional details, they should only

rely on a HITRUST-certified third-party provider.

4. Rising Healthcare Costs

The cost crisis in healthcare is not new. There are many stakeholders who play a key role in

determining the cost of healthcare services, ranging from device manufacturers to medical drug

manufacturing companies and payers to insurance policy providers. Conflict is natural when so

many stakeholders are involved. And developing a consensus requires strategic planning and

[Link] rising cost of healthcare directly impacts the revenue of the healthcare companies, as

increased cost discourages patients in many ways, from taking lab tests to doing regular follow-

ups post visit, which ultimately leads to poor patient outcome.

According to Martin Gaynor, an economics professor at Carnegie Mellon University,

“Health care spending is high, and it is ultimately unsustainable.”

Here are a few things healthcare providers can do to reduce the healthcare costs for patients:

Provide local price variations to patients, either by healthcare providers or insurers Empower

patients to choose high-value plans according to their wallets

Reduce the number of medical tests for patients. According to a study mentioned by Dr. Atul Gawande,

a surgeon, writer, public health researcher, 42% of patients received unnecessary tests in one year.

Negotiate prescription drugs costs for consumers

Some other internal measures taken by healthcare companies are reliance on healthcare

information technology and developing a consensus with pharmaceutical companies.

5. Payment Processing and Invoicing

According to the KF health tracking poll, although most of the people confirmed that they can

afford their treatment, one out of four faced difficulty in affording their medicine.

A combined effort from healthcare companies, insurers, and benefactors can help curb the rising

cost of healthcare and thus help to solve one of the major challenges in healthcare.

This effort leads to the development of effective medical billing processes and procedures

model, under which financial incentives could be associated with patient outcomes rather than

service quantities. The new payment model could also address the concern of Dr. Gawande for

necessary medical tests

6. Pressure on Pharmaceutical Prices

At the beginning of the year 2019, RX Savings Solutions report revealed that around three

dozen drugmakers have raised prices on more than 250 prescription drugs. It means the

average price of the drugs will be increased by 6.3%. By contrast, the inflation rate in the US

for the past 12 months through November has been just 2.2%.

Increase in prescription prices has led to the slow growth of prescription spending

The rise in pharmacy prescription prices is one of the major healthcare challenges for both healthcare

enterprises and patients. According to Michael Rea, CEO of the Rx Saving Solutions, “The reason it

can keep happening is there is no market check, no person or entity to bring reason to determining

drug prices.”

An industry-based regulatory body can be formed including all the representatives of all the

stakeholders of healthcare and pharmaceutical industries to at least control the hike in prices.
7. Healthcare Regulatory Changes

Regulatory challenges affect healthcare companies in two ways: one is it drives up the cost of

healthcare services and second is it creates confusion among the general public, which is

required to be addressed in a precise and proper manner to avoid lawsuits. Timely reforms in

healthcare laws and regulations are necessary, but the problem is that companies are often not

ready to address the challenges that they bring.

For example, the Trump administration is now working on regulating Medicare and Medicaid

eligible healthcare providers. Research reveals that these laws and regulations in healthcare

industry will burden the healthcare providers to meet new reporting requirements and comply

with a range of revised standards including:

● Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

● Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)

● Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO)

A lack of effort by healthcare service providers could lead to entanglement in complex

lawsuits and penalties. To effectively combat these healthcare challenges, healthcare providers

need to create a platform to raise awareness and share information quickly with all the bodies.

8. Healthcare Staffing Shortages

Many industry groups have predicted a shortage of around 100,000 doctors by 2030. Here,

technology can help in many ways such as the use of telehealth can help in a big way. Live

streaming, store-and-forward imaging, remote patient diagnostics can improve access to

healthcare even in remote regions.

However, professional development on a regular basis and improvement in infrastructure are

the key to reducing staffing shortages in healthcare.

The influx of technology in the healthcare industry has completely changed the way training

and education is imparted in the healthcare sector. A shift from a traditional clinical interview

with a focus on acute illness to involving patients and better staff communication can be seen,

which is a good sign in terms of professional development and efficient healthcare workforce

shortage solutions.

9. External Market Disruption

There are many external forces that have made tentative inroads into healthcare, causing

disruptive innovation in healthcare. Increased use of smartphones and the rise of mobile apps

and ecommerce platforms have drastically changed the way businesses interact with their

customers.

Healthcare consumers are no different. In fact, they are emotionally and physically vulnerable

and so more sensitive to the quality of services.

According to Bain & Company, there are 5 key disruptors, which will cause disruptive

innovation in healthcare and set the healthcare trend.

These disruptors open up doors for new players outside the healthcare industry, leading to

increased competition and healthcare industry challenges. Companies such as JPMorgan

Chase, Amazon, and Berkshire Hathaway have announced last year to deliver healthcare to

their employees in yet-unspecified ways.

Amazon has also acquired wholesale pharmaceutical distribution licenses in several United States.

Besides, there are other non-traditional players like Apple, Samsung, Alibaba, and Tencent have

entered into the market.

These companies, powered by technology, have introduced digital disruption in healthcare and

consumerism into the healthcare industry, which rings the alarm bell for existing players to

invest in Digital Transformation and other emerging technologies like AI, Machine Learning,

and IoT.
 LIMITATION OF TECHNOLOGY

1. Increased Cost of the Treatment for the Patients

The increased cost of treatment is also one of the disadvantages of medical technology .Mostly

all the treatments and surgeries through technology are very costly, like robotic surgery, and

other kinds of technological machinery surgeries are very [Link] most of the patients

belong to rural areas and they are poor. For poor patients, it’s impossible to pay for costly

surgeries. Technology increased health care but also increased the cost of that. Which is

impossible for the patients to pay.

2. Show the Wrong Result of the Patient's Condition

One of the cons of medical technology is sometimes the machinery or technological devices

show the wrong result. Sometimes it didn’t show the accurate result of the patients to the

[Link] technological machines are made by engineers and programmers. Sometimes the

errors and bugs come into it. Then it didn’t work properly. If it shows the wrong result and the

doctor gives the wrong diagnosis to the patients then it takes the patient’s life into danger. This

is one of the most dangerous cons of medical technology for the patients

3. Lack of Information of the Patients

Lack of information is also a disadvantage of medical technology. Safety and privacy are

some of the laws of [Link] protect the patient’s privacy. But with technology, this law

can be broken. The information of the patients which are stores in the computer database of

the

Hospitals can be a leak. The computer systems can be a hack and the secret information about

the patient’s treatment can be stolen and also can be changed. If someone changes the

complete history of the patient’s treatments. So, it can be a danger for the patient’s next

treatments.
4. Time-Consuming in Recovery

The technological machines and gadgets which are used in the hospital for treatments and

checkups of the patients are made by engineers and programmers. If there come some kind of

faults and errors. So, no one can fix it because they didn’t have the knowledge of recovering

and fixing that machine. It requires a specific person who has knowledge of it. The engineers

who made it. He can fix it. So, it consumes a lot of time fixing and recovering the machines.

5. Damaging Cells and Organs of the Body of the Patients

Nowadays lasering surgeries are very famous. Which has a lot of bad effects on the human

body? The lasers can damage the cells of the body. It can damage our other internal organs in

our body, which is very harmful,

6. Patients Online Treatment Through Technology

Nowadays the doctors do online treatments. The patients contact them online and suggest the

diagnosis to take. The patients have not to go to the clinic of the doctors. They can easily get

the treatment at home.

Without any checkup and analysis of the patient’s the doctor gives them the diagnosis. Which

can be wrong and can be dangerous for the patient’s health.

 CONCLUSION

The use of information technology in the healthcare sector is expanding at a rapid rate.

However, there are so many challenges being experienced by healthcare providers as they

endeavor to implement information technology applications. For instance, the quality achieved

as a result of investing in information technology is not often rewarded. Instead of rewarding

improved service delivery, a majority of service providers put emphasis on the volume of

services offered. Another challenge is the healthcare delivery fragmented nature, which makes

it harder for healthcare organizations to adopt information technology. Regardless of these

challenges, hospitals are investing in information technology because it enhances information

access by patients and healthcare professionals, which in turn enhances the quality of care

provided to patients. The use of information technology also improves communication

between healthcare professionals and consequently reduces missed care.

Increasing prevalence of chronic disease; improved survival rates of various diseases, injuries,

and other conditions (including those of fragile newborns); large numbers of veterans

returning from war with serious injuries; and a wide range of technological innovations. The

health care that results varies considerably in its safety, effectiveness, and efficiency, as well

as its quality and cost.

The committee was charged with examining this major trend in health care delivery and

resulting challenges from only one of many perspectives: the study of human factors. From the

outset it was clear that the dramatic and evolving change in health care practice and policies

presents a broad array of opportunities and problems. Consequently the committee endeavored

to maintain focus specifically on how using the human factors approach can provide solutions
that support maximizing the safety and quality of healthcare delivered in the home while

empowering both care recipients and caregivers in the effort.

The conclusions and recommendations presented below reflect the most critical steps that the

committee thinks should be taken to improve the state of health care in the home, based on the

literature reviewed in this report examined through a human factors lens.

AI can undoubtedly bring new efficiencies and quality to healthcare outcomes in India.

However, gaps and challenges in the healthcare sector reflect deep-rooted issues around

inadequate funding, weak regulation, insufficient healthcare infrastructure, and deeply

embedded socio-cultural practices. These cannot be addressed by AI solutions alone.

Moreover, technological possibility cannot be equated to adoption. In India, poor digital

infrastructure, a large, diverse and unregulated private sector, and variable capacity among

states and medical professionals alike, mean that the adoption of AI is likely to be slow and

deeply heterogeneous. The same factors also make it quite likely that well-established private

hospitals will be the main adopters. This in turn would imply that much of the dominant

narrative or rationale for the development of AI in healthcare, in terms of improving equity

and quality, is unlikely to be addressed through market forces alone: these solutions are more

likely to serve populations who already have access to high-quality care, typically in cities

with well-developed digital infrastructure. In many small hospitals and single-provider

practices in India, administrative systems have barely moved beyond rudimentary ICT

solutions such as invoicing and billing platforms.

The effectiveness of these systems will depend on accurate identification of problems and

their matching to appropriate solutions. Currently, there is a risk that solutions are technology-
led rather than problem-led, and they are as a result often blind to specific contextual needs or
constraints. For example, it might not be the best approach to design real-time or synchronous
solutions for digital products meant to be used in remote areas where basic internet
infrastructure is lacking. Designing the right digital interventions is often challenging because
of the digital divide between the user and the technology developers, who are typically more
adept at using technology than the user is (Deo and Tyagi, 2019). Finally, issues around
privacy, misuse and accountability are only slowly being understood, and require much more
far-reaching consideration before AI can deliver safe and fair healthcare solutions.
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