Code No: R204104B R20 Set No.
1
IV [Link] I Semester Regular Examinations, January – 2024
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions
ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT - I
1 a) Calculate the Radon Transform for a given image and describe its applications
in medical imaging, specifically in computed tomography (CT) scans. [7]
b) Describe the components of an image processing system and their functions.
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How do these components work together to enhance or manipulate digital
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images? [7]
(OR)
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2 a) Perform a Haar Transform on a grayscale image. Show the transformation
process and the resulting Haar coefficients. [7]
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b) Explain the concept of mathematical tools used in digital image processing.
How do these mathematical tools contribute to image enhancement and
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analysis? [7]
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UNIT - II
3 a) Explain how different intensity transformation functions are used to enhance
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or modify images. [5]
b) Apply a frequency domain filter to smooth a noisy image. Provide the
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calculations for the filter's frequency response and the transformed image.
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Discuss how this approach differs from spatial domain filtering. [9]
(OR)
4 a) Explore the fundamental concepts of spatial filtering in image processing.
Discuss the differences between smoothing and sharpening spatial filters, and
provide real-world examples where each type of filter is applied. [9]
b) Describe the differences between smoothing and sharpening spatial filters. [5]
UNIT - III
5 a) Discuss strategies for restoring images in the presence of noise, focusing on
spatial filtering techniques. [7]
b) Include all the calculations and steps necessary to reconstruct the image using
an appropriate method. [7]
(OR)
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Code No: R204104B R20 Set No. 1
6 a) Discuss the importance of understanding the image degradation and restoration
process in digital image processing. [7]
b) Explain the role of each block and the mathematical formulation involved in
Constrained Least Squares filter process. [7]
UNIT - IV
7 a) Provide a step-by-step explanation of how LZW coding works and discuss its
applications and limitations in image compression. [7]
b) Explain the concept of Run-Length coding and Symbol-Based coding in image
compression. [7]
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(OR)
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8 a) Discuss the fundamentals of image compression & Discuss Bit-Plane coding
as a method of image compression. da [7]
b) Explain the principles of Huffman coding and highlight strengths and
weaknesses. [7]
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UNIT - V
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9 a) Explain its significance and provide real-world scenarios where thresholding is
an effective technique for separating objects from the background. [7]
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b) Numerically demonstrate the application of morphological operations (erosion
and dilation) to a binary image. Provide the original image, the structuring
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element, and the results of the operations. [7]
(OR)
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10 a) Describe the process of thresholding in image segmentation and Discuss the
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fundamental concepts of image segmentation. [7]
b) Perform a color-based segmentation on a full-color image. Choose a suitable
color space model, apply relevant transformations, and describe how the
segmentation process can separate objects based on color information. [7]
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Code No: R204104B R20 Set No. 2
IV [Link] I Semester Regular Examinations, January – 2024
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions
ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT - I
1 a) Perform Hadamard Transform on a grayscale image and explain its
significance in pattern recognition and image encryption. [7]
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b) Discuss the fundamental steps in digital image processing. Explain how
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image sensing and acquisition play a crucial role in this process. [7]
(OR)
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2 a) Apply the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) to compress an image. Discuss
the principles of image compression using DCT. [7]
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b) Compare and contrast the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of one variable
with the extension to functions of two variables. What are the practical
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implications of these transforms in image processing? [7]
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UNIT - II
3 a) Given a blurred image and the corresponding point spread function (PSF),
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perform image restoration using spatial filtering. Explain the deconvolution
process and its impact on the restored image. [9]
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b) Enlist the fundamentals of Spatial Enhancement methods with examples. [5]
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(OR)
4 a) Discuss the advantages and challenges of applying spatial enhancement
methods in image processing. Provide a detailed analysis of techniques that
combine multiple spatial enhancement methods for superior image quality. [9]
b) Describe the advantages of analyzing and processing images in the
frequency domain. [5]
UNIT - III
5 a) Noise can significantly affect the quality of digital images. Describe various
noise models that are commonly encountered. [7]
b) You have an image corrupted by noise. Apply the Minimum Mean Square
Error (Wiener) filtering technique to restore the image. [7]
(OR)
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Code No: R204104B R20 Set No. 2
6 a) Explain the concept of periodic noise in digital images. [7]
b) Explain the role of each block and the mathematical formulation involved of
the image restoration process using the Constrained Least Squares filter. [7]
UNIT - IV
7 a) Compare and contrast the basic compression methods such as Golomb
coding, and Arithmetic coding. [7]
b) Design an image compression system using LZW coding. Apply LZW
coding to a given image and decode it, demonstrating the compression and
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decompression processes. [7]
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(OR)
8 a) Discuss the fundamentals of image compression & Describe the LZW
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coding algorithm in image compression. [7]
b) Provide a numerical example of image compression using Wavelet coding.
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Use a 1D or 2D wavelet transform on a grayscale image [7]
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UNIT - V
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9 a) Explore region-based segmentation techniques in digital image processing. [7]
b) Provide a practical example of edge detection in image segmentation. [7]
(OR)
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10 a) Discuss the fundamental concepts of image segmentation. Explain various
methods such as point, and line, detection [7]
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b) Explore the concept of color image compression. [7]
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Code No: R204104B R20 Set No. 3
IV [Link] I Semester Regular Examinations, January – 2024
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions
ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
UNIT - I
1 a) Analyze the phase components of a 2-D image's Discrete Fourier
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Transform (DFT) and explain their impact on the image's visual features. [7]
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b) The 2-D Discrete Fourier Transform is a key concept in image processing.
Explain its properties and significance in the context of image analysis and
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manipulation. [7]
(OR)
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2 a) Explain the concept of Nyquist theorem and aliasing in image sampling.
Describe advanced techniques used to address aliasing in high-frequency
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image components. [7]
b) Discuss the need for image transforms in digital image processing. Provide
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examples of situations where various image transforms, such as the
Discrete Fourier Transform and Discrete Cosine Transform, are applied. [7]
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UNIT - II
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3 a) Describe the process of restoring a degraded image using spatial filters.
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Explain the role of the point spread function (PSF) in this context and the
challenges associated with it. [9]
b) Describe frequency domain filters are more effective than spatial domain
filters with real world examples. [5]
(OR)
4 a) Design a spatial filter for edge detection and sharpening in a digital
photograph. Explain the mathematical formulation of the filter and
demonstrate its effectiveness through image examples. [9]
b) Explain the concepts of histogram equalization and contrast stretching. [5]
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Code No: R204104B R20 Set No. 3
UNIT - III
5 a) Explain the concept of periodic noise in digital images. How does periodic
noise impact image quality. [7]
b) Provide a numerical example of image restoration from projections using
an appropriate method. [7]
(OR)
6 a) Apply the Minimum Mean Square Error (Wiener) filtering technique to
restore the image. Explain the steps of this method and the rationale behind
using it. [7]
b) Create a block diagram representing the image restoration process using
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the Constrained Least Squares filter. [7]
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UNIT - IV
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7 a) Compare and contrast the basic compression methods such as Huffman
coding, and Arithmetic coding. [7]
b) Discuss Bit-Plane coding as a method of image compression. [7]
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(OR)
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8 a) Given a grayscale image, perform Huffman coding to compress it. Include
the construction of the Huffman tree, encoding, and decoding steps.
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Provide an example with calculations. [7]
b) Explain the principles of Golomb coding and highlight strengths and
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weaknesses. [7]
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UNIT - V
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9 a) Discuss the fundamental concepts of image segmentation. Explain various
methods such as line, and edge detection. [7]
b) Explain any two morphological algorithms for boundary extraction in [7]
Morphological Image Processing.
(OR)
10 a) Discuss the principles and advantages of region-based segmentation and
provide examples of when and how it is used. [7]
b) Explain the fundamentals of color image processing, including color
models and transformations. [7]
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Code No: R204104B R20 Set No. 4
IV [Link] I Semester Regular Examinations, January – 2024
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
(Electronics and Communication Engineering)
Time: 3 hours Max. Marks: 70
Answer any FIVE Questions
ONE Question from Each unit
All Questions Carry Equal Marks
*****
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UNIT - I
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1 a) Implement advanced filtering techniques, such as anisotropic diffusion or
nonlinear diffusion, for image enhancement. Explain the principles of these
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filters and their effect on image features. [7]
b) Discuss the importance of phase in image transforms. How does phase
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information impact the interpretation and manipulation of digital images? [7]
(OR)
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2 a) Discuss the trade-offs between image quantization levels and image quality.
How do quantization errors affect the perceptual quality of the image, and what
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strategies are used to mitigate these errors? [7]
b) Explain the concept of Nyquist theorem and aliasing in image sampling.
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Describe advanced techniques used to address aliasing in high-frequency image
components. [7]
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UNIT - II
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3 a) Given a low-contrast image, perform histogram equalization to enhance its
visibility and dynamic range. Provide the step-by-step calculations and the
resulting enhanced image. [9]
b) Discuss scenarios where frequency domain filtering may not be effective,
especially when dealing with complex noise patterns and non-uniform
illumination. [5]
(OR)
4 a) Implement a spatial filter to reduce noise in a grayscale image. Discuss the
choice of filter type and parameters, and provide before-and-after images to
demonstrate the noise reduction. [9]
b) Discuss the advantages of frequency domain filtering over spatial domain
filtering in this context. [5]
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Code No: R204104B R20 Set No. 4
UNIT - III
5 a) Design a constrained least squares filtering process to restore an image affected
by linear, position-invariant degradation. [7]
b) Create a block diagram illustrating the steps involved in the image restoration
process using the Geometric Mean filter. [7]
(OR)
6 a) Given a set of image projections, perform image reconstruction using an
appropriate technique, and explain the mathematical principles behind this
process. [7]
b) Provide detailed explanations for each block's function and the overall process
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of Geometric Mean filter. [7]
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UNIT - IV
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7 a) Explain the importance of image compression in digital image processing and
provide an overview of any two image compression techniques covered. [7]
b) Explain the principles of Arithmetic coding and highlight strengths and
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weaknesses. [7]
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(OR)
8 a) Compare and contrast the basic compression methods such as Huffman coding,
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Golomb coding. [7]
b) Explain the concept of Run-Length coding and Symbol-Based coding in image
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compression. [7]
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UNIT - V
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9 a) Discuss the fundamental concepts of image segmentation. Explain various
methods such as point and edge detection. [7]
b) Explore the concept of color image compression. Discuss various compression
methods and their effectiveness in reducing the size of color images while
preserving quality. [7]
(OR)
10 a) Explain the basic principles of morphological image processing. [7]
b) Discuss the concept of morphological watersheds for image segmentation. [7]
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