\

10.07.2023
Model Question Paper-I with effect from 2022
USN I I I I I I I I I I I
v~ Fourth Semester B.E Degree
Examination
Complex Analysis, Probability & Statistical Methods
All branches Except CS & ME [Link] branches-21MAT41
TIME: 03 Hours
Max. Marks: 100

Note: Answer any FIVE full questions, choosing at least ONE question from each module.
\
[Link]. \;::Question M L co
Module-1
01 a Define analytic function and derive C-R equations in Cartesian form. 06 L2 cot
b Show that f(z) =
lo9z is analytic and hence obtain its derivative. 07 L2 cot
l+i
C Evaluate J(x 2
- i y )dz along the curve y = x 2 •
07 L3 cot
0

OR
02
Construct an analytic function, whose imaginary part is v = ex (xSiny + yCosy) 06 L2 COt
a
by the Milne-Thomson method '
b State and prove Cauchy's integral formula. 07 L2 cot

C
J 2 2
Evaluate Sinm: + Cosm: dz , where C : z I I=3 . 07 L3 cot
c (z -1) (z - 2)

Module-2
03 Obtain the series solution of Bessel' s differential equation 06 L2 CO2
a d 2y dy
x2 d-x-2 + x r/y + (x2 + n2)y =0
b Show that J ½(x) = ff sin x.
. 07 L2 CO2

C Express x 3 - 5x 2 + 6x + 1 in terms of Legendre polynomial 07 L2 CO2

OR
4 a Showthat/_n(X) = (-l)n/n(x) L2 CO2
1 07 L2 CO2
b Show thatP4 (cos0)=- (35cos40 + 20cos0 + 9) .
, 64
3 2 2 4 2 7 07 L2 CO2
C Prove thatx -2x -x-3 =-P3 (x) +-P2 (x)--Pi (x)- -P0(x)
5 3 5 3
Module-3
5 Find Karl Pearson's coefficient of correlation. 06 L2 CO3
1 2
a I; I I I I I I1: I1: I
9 8 I~ I~ I~
 Fit a straight line y ::;::: ax+ b for
the data
07 L2 CO3 \

~=--------I:----:--~- ;-:- -:16------;---\:_ :--;--\_: :--=--1-:---:::~1:~ _ I

thl:~·r:~ l
i----b
_~-1---l------
- - - - l~
Find 0: Xanl on: fortl fol:winTra: \
C ITT L2 COJ

6 The participants in a con test are OR

ranked by two jud ges as follows.
06 L2 C0 3
x:
l 6 5 10
a 3 2 4 9 7 8
y:
6 4 9 8 2 3 10 5 7
Co mp ute the Ran k correlation.
Co mp ute me ans x , y and the cor
b relation coefficient r from the giv
en regression 07 L2
lines 2x + 3y + 1 = 0, x + 6y C0 3
= 4.
Fit a sec ond deg ree pol yno mia l
y = ax 2 +b x+ c for the data. 07 L2 C0 3
C x: 1 2 3 4 5
Y: 10 12 13 16 19
Module-4
A ran dom variable X has the foll
owing probability function:
06 L2 C0 4
a
I P~ X) I -: I ;! I ;~ I I I ~ I :k 3~
3
k
Fin d k. Als o fin d P(X ~ 1), P(X
> 1), P(- 1 < X ~ 2),
b Fin d the me an and var ian ce of Bin
omial distribution .
7 07 L2 C0 4
In a certain factory turning out razor
blades the re is a small probability 1
of -- for 07 L3 C0 4
any bla de to be defective. The bla 500
des are sup plie d in a packets of
distribution to cal cul ate app rox ima 10. Use Poisson
C
te num ber of packets containing
i) No def ect ive
ii) Tw o def ect ive
iii) Thr ee def ect ive in con sig nm
ent of 10000 packets.

OR
8 a
A ran dom var iab le X has den sity kx2 -3 ~x ~3 06 L2 C0 4
function: /(x ) =
{ 0 Otherwise '
Fin d k. Als o, fin d P(X ~ 2) P(X
~ 2) and P(X > I) .
'
 10.07.2023

o._... 07 L2 C04
b The probabilit y that a pen manufact ured by a company will be defective is 0. 1.
If 12 such pens are selected at random, find the probability that
i) Exactly two pens will be defective
/
ii) At most two pens will be defective
iii) None will be defective
07 L3 C04
C The marks of I 000 students in an examination follow the normal distributi on
with mean 70 and standard deviation 5. Find the number students whose marks
will be
i) Less than 65
i) More than 75
iii) Between 65 and 75.
Module-5
06 cos
9 a The joint distribution of two random variables X and Y is as follows. L2

~ -4 2 7

1
1
1
-8 -41 -8
1 1 1
5 -4 -8 -8
Compute the following .
i) E(X) and E(Y)
ii) E(XY)
iii)ax &ar -
b Define i) Null hypothesis ii) Type-I & Type-II errors iii) Degrees of freedom
07 L2 cos
iv) Level of Significance.
C Two types of batteries are tested for their length of life and the fo11owing results are 07 L3 cos
2
. d : BatteryA : n 1 =10 x1 =500Hrs. (J"I =100
b tame
o 2
BatteryB : n 2 =10 x2 =506Hrs . (}"2 =121

Compute Student' s t and test whether there is a significan t differenc e in the two
means at 5% significance level.
OR
IO a Determin e (i) Marginal distributions 06 L2 cos
(ii) Covarian ce between the variables X and Y,
If the joint probability distribution is given by:

~ 3

1
4

1
5

1
2 -6 -6 -6
1 1 1
5 -
12
-12 -12
1 1 1
7 -12 -12 -12
 r
10J1.202J
b Ten individuals are chosen at random from a popu
lation and their heights in inches 07 L3 cos
are found to be 63, 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 70, 71,
71. Test the hypothesis that the
mean height of the universe is 66 inches at 5% signi
ficance level.
(t0 _05 =2.26 2 for 9 d.f.)

C
In experiments on pea breeding the following frequencie
s of seeds were obtained: 07 L3 cos
Round and Wrin kled Roun d and Wrinkled Total
Yellow and Yellow Green and Green
315 101 108 32 556
Theory predicts that the frequencies should be in prop
ortions9: 3: 3: 1. Exam ine
the correspondence between theory and experiment

Lower-order think ing skills

Bloom's Reme mberi ng Unde rstand ing Applying
Taxo nom (knowledge):L 1 (Com prehe nsion ): L2
y Levels (Application):L3
Higher-order think ing skills
Analyzing (Analysis): L4 Valuating (Evaluation): Ls Creat ing (Synt hesis) : L6
[TI Cauchy-Riemann equations in the cartesian form
The necessary conditions that the Junction w = f ( z) = u ( x, y) +iv ( x, y)
be analytic at any point z = x + iy is that, there exists four continuous first order
 OU OU ov ov
partial derivatives ox , oy , ox , oy and satisfy the equations :

ou = ov and ov = -ou
ox oy ox oy
These are known as Cauchy-Riemann ( C - R) equations.
Equivalently, u = v y and v = - u y
X X

Proof : Let f ( z ) be analytic at a point z = x + iy and hence by the definition,

f' ( z) = lim f (z + Bz )- f (z) exists and is unique.

6z ➔ O Bz

In the cartesian form, f ( z) = u ( x, y) +iv ( x, y) and let Bz be the increment

in z corresponding to the increments Bx, By in x, y.

f' ( z) = lim [ u ( x +Bx, y +By)+ iv ( x +Bx, y +By)] - [ u ( x, y) + iv ( x, y)]

6z ➔ O Bz

/'(z) = lim [u(x+Bx, y+By)-u(x,y)]

6z ➔ O Bz

+ l. 1Im
. [v(x+8x, y+oy)-v(x,y)]
-----"----____;:'--'---'--_.::__;~
6z ➔ O OZ ... (1)

Now, oz = ( z + oz ) - z where z = x + iy .
OZ = [ ( X +DX)+ i ( y + oy) ]-[ X + iy]
ze., oz = ox + i oy
Since 8z tends to zero, we have the following two possibilities.
Case (i) : Let oy =0 so that oz = ox and oz ➔ O imply ox ➔ o.
Now (1) becomes,

f '(z) = ox
lim➔o
u(x+ox, s:y)-u(x,y) + z. hm
. _ v(x+ox,
_ _ _.:y)-v(x,y)
. . . :. ._ _____:__.=;...-

ux 6x ➔ O OX
 These limits from the basic definition are the partial derivative s of u and v
w.r.t. x.

Therefore, f ,( Z ) = -
au . av
+l- . : . (2)
ax ax
Case (ii) Let 6x = 0, so that 6z = i 8y and 8z ➔ 0 imply i8y ➔ 0
or 8y ➔ 0.
Now (1) becomes,

u(x,y+8 y)-u(x,y ) . . v(x,y+8 y)-v(x,y )

f' ( z ) = Ii m ____.;.____;'------"-----'-- + z 11m .
6y ➔ O i 'f,y 6y➔O l 'f,y

But, 1/i = i/i2 = i/ -1 = - i and hence we have,

'( Z ) . - . u(x,y+c5 y)-u(x,y) . v(x,y+8 y)-v(x,y )

/ = 1lffi l · + 1lm
----'---'=-----= --- ' - ---'----"----'-
6y ➔ O 'f,y 6y➔O 8y

. au av
=-I-+-
ay ay

f l ( ) _ av . au
Therefore, Z - --l-
.. . (3)
ay ay
Equating the RHS of (2) and (3) we have,

au .av av .au
-+z- =- -l-
ax ax ay ay
Now, by equating the real and imaginary parts we get,

au = av and av = _ au
ax oy ax ay
Thus we have establishe d Cauchy-R iemann equations .
Equivalent ly1 u
X
= vy and v X =- uy
These are the necessary conditions in the catesian form for the complex valued
function f ( z) = u + iv to be analytic.
 dw
[3] Show that w = log z, z -::;= 0 is analytic and hence find dz

[It is convenient to do the problem in the polar form as u and v can be

(if"'

found easily]
\ ~ By data, w = log z. Taking z =r/ 0
we have,

u + iv = log ( r e;e) = log r + log ( / 0

) = log r + i 0 loge e
ie., u + iv = log r + i e since log e e =1
u = logr v = 0 and hence we have,
1
u - V = 0
T
r r

u8 = 0 Ve =1

C _ R equations in the polar form : r u, = v0 and r v, = - u0 are satisfied.

Thus, w = log z is analytic.
Also, we have in the polar form,
f, ( Z ) = e-i e ( Ur + i V r )

=e -ie ( -1+ l.·

r
oJ =r e;e1-
Since, z = r ei0 , f' ( z) = !
z
(ii) The parametric equations of the given parabola y = x2 are x = t, y = t2 so that z =
x + iy = t ( 1 + it). As z varies from O to 1 + i, the parameter t increases from O to 1. The
path of integration is shown in Figure 3.2.

l+i

X
0

Figure 3.2
Therefore, along the given parabola, the given integral is
z=l+i z=l+i

I = f (x2 -
z=O
iy) dz =
z=O
J(x2 - ·-· ·
iy) (dx + i dy)

1 1

= J<t2-it2)(dt+2itdt)=(I-i)
t=O
J0
t2(I+2it)dt

1 1

= (1 - l) I
0
t2dt + 2i I t3
0
dt

= !(1 - i)(2 + 3i) = !(5 + i).

6 6 ■
 [7] Find the analytic function f ( z ) whose imaginary part is ex ( x sin y + y cosy)

r:ir By data, v = ex (xsiny + ycosy)

6Z~-.-
,,
VX = ex ( sin y) + ( X sin y + y cosy) ex [By product rule]
ze., vx = ex ( sin y + x sin y + y cosy) . . . (1)

Also, Vy = ex ( X COS y - y sin y + COS y) . . . (2)

Consider, f' ( z) = ux +iv x· But ux = v Y (C-R equation)

. f , ( Z) = V y + i V X
ze.,

f' ( Z) = ex ( X COS y - y sin y + COS y) + i ex ( sin y + X sin y + y COS y)

Putting x = z and y = 0 we have,
f' ( z) = ez ( z + 1), since sin O = 0 and cos O = 1
... f ( z) = f(z + 1) ez dz + c
Integrating by parts,

f ( z) = ( z + 1) ez - fez . 1 dz + c = ( z + 1 ) ez _ ez + c

Thus, I f ( z) = z e' + c ]
lliJ Cauchy's integral formula &,. , b)
If f( z) is analytic inside and
on a simple closed curve C and
if 'a' is any point
within C then
 f (a) = ~ Jf ( z ) dz
21t1 c z-a
Pro of : Since 'a' is a poi nt wit hin C, we sha
ll enc los e it by a circle C .
z = a as cen tre and r as rad ius sueh th at C 1. ti. 1 . hi l With
1 1es en re y wit n c.

The fun ctio n f ( z) is ana lyti c ins ide and on the bou nda ry of the
anni.i:1.
z- a
U.l.,q

reg ion bet we en C and C •

1
y

0
V::l_/c1c

No w, by a pro per ty,

Jf ( z ) dz = J f ( z ) dz
C z-a C1 z-a
The equ atio n of C ( circle wit h centre 'a' and
1 radius r) can be written in the
for m I z - a I = r. Tha t is equ iva len t to,

z - a = re i a or z = a+ r e1·a , 0 < 0 < 21t, dz

= ire'· 0 de.
Us ing the se res ults in the RH S of (1) we hav
e,

c
Jfz-a
( z) dz = 2J7t
8=o
f (a+ re; 8 ) • ;0 d 0
;
re 8
tr e

ie., fc fz-a 2
( z ) dz = i j f ( a + r ei 8 ) de
8=o

Thi s is tru e for any r > 0 how eve r sma ll. He

nce as r ➔ o we get,
 ff( z)d z= i 2J f(a )d0 =i f(a ){0 Jin =2 1ti f(a )
c z-a a =o

1 ff (z) dz [ Cau chy 's inte gra l for mu la J

Thus, f(a ) = 2 rti c z-a
 sin nz 2 + cos 1t z 2
J
[30] Evaluate c ( z _ 1 )2 ( z _ 2 ) dz where C is the cirle, Iz I = 3.

1
r:jf> We shall first resolve ( z _ 1 )2 ( z _ 2 ) ~to partial fractions.

1 A C B
Let, --- - - = - - + - - -2 + - -
2
( z -1 ) ( z - 2) z -1 ( z -1 ) z- 2 . . . (1)

or 1 = A ( z - 1 ) ( z - 2 ) + B ( z - 2) + C ( z - 1 )2

Put z = 1 : 1 = B( - 1) .·. B = -1

Put z = 2 : 1 = C ( 1) :. C =1
Equating the coefficient of z2 on both sides we have,
 O = A+ C or A = - C :. A =-1
• 2 2
Let, f (z ) = sin rtz + cos nz
M ltiplying (1) by
u
J ( z)
and integrating w .r.t z over C by using the Value of
the constants obtained we have,

I = J
C (
f ( z)
z - 1 )2 ( z - 2)
dz = - J1 (
C
z) dz -
z- 1
J f (z \
C ( z - 1)
dz + J1 (z)
C
d
z- 2 z

That is, I = 11 + 12 + 13 (say) . . . (2)

We have, C :lzl=3
The points z = 1 and z = 2 both lie within C.
We evaluate II and I3 by Cauchy's integral formula and 12 using its generalised
form by taking n = 1.
II = - [ 2n if ( 1)] = - 2 ni ( sin 1t + cos 1t) = - 21t i ( 0 -1) = 2rci
2 2
1 = -[2nif'(1)] But f'(z) = 21tz(cos1tz -sinnz )
2

Hence, I 2 = -[ 2ni · 21t ( cos 1t - sin 1t)] = 41t2 i

I3 = 21ti f ( 2) = 21ti ( sin 41t + cos 4n) = 21ti ( 0 + 1 ) = 21ti
Hence from (2), I = 2ni + 4n 2 i + 2n i = 4 1t i + 41t 2 i
Thus, Ir = 41ti (1 + 1t), Iwhere C : Iz I = 3
 ~Series Solution of Be~sel's Dif~erential Equation Leading to Bessel
Functions. ·
2~ The Bessel differential equation of order n is in the form,
2 d2 d
x -1l2 + x -1L + ( x 2 - n2 ) y =0 (1)
dx dx ···
where n is a non negative real constant (parameter).
We employ Frobenius method to solve this equation as we have,
coefficient of y" = x2 = P0 ( x) (say) and P0 ( x ) = 0 at x = 0 .
We assume the series solution of (1) in the form,
C0

y = L a, xk+r
... (2)
T =0

dy oo •
... - = La ( k + r) xk+r-1
dx o '

d2 oo

_J_ = " a ( k + r ) ( k + r - 1 ) xk+r-2

dx2
f '
Now (1) becomes,
'10 00 CX) 00

""' a ( k + r) ( k + r - 1) xk+r + L, ar ( k + r) xk+r +"

£...- r
a
l..J r
xk+r+2 - n2 "f..J ar xk+r == 0
0 O O 0

Collecting tl\e first, second and fourth terms together we have,

 f, a, xk" [ ( k +r )( k + r -1) + ( k + r) - n' J+ i:a xt.,., =
0
0 0 '

~ ar xk+r [ ( k + r) {k + r -1 + 1} - n2 ] +fa xk+r+i ==

ie,, f O '
0

La,
~

xk+r [ ( k + r )2 - n2] +La,

00

xk+r+2 == 0
~~ O 0

We shall equate the coefficient of the lowest degree term in x, that is t' to
zero.
ie.,
Setting, a0 *0 we have k
2
- n 2 == 0 and hence k = + n.
Also, we need to independently equate the coefficient of _xk+ 1 to zero.
,e., a1 ( ( k + 1 )2 - n
2
] = 0.
This implies a1 =0 since ( k + 1 )2 - n 2 == 0 would mean ( k + 1 )2 == n 2 or
( k + 1 ) = + n which cannot be accepted as we have already k = + n.
Next, we shall equate the coefficient of .xk • ' ( r > 2) to zero.
2
,e., a, [ ( k + r ) - n 2 ] + a,_2 =0
-a
or a == ,-2 ( r~2) ... (3)
, [ ( k + r )2 - n2 ]
when k = +n, (3) becomes,
-ar-2 -ar - 2
a -_ 2 2 = 2n r +r2
' (n +r ) - n
Putting,
. r -- 2, 3, 4, .. . we o b ta1n,
.

-a -a -a1
a2 _ o _ o • a == = O since a1 = 0 .
- 4n + 4 - 4 ( n + 1 ) ' 3 6n + 9

Similarly, a5 , a7 , ... are all equal to zero.

le,,

-a -a2 ao
Next, a4 - 2 - == -----=---::-:- and so on.
- Sn+ 16 - 8 ( n + 2) 32 ( n + 1) ( n + 2)
We substitute these values in the expan ded form of (2):
xk ( a0 +ax+ a x 2 3 4
Y =
1 2
+ a3
x + a x
4 + · · ·)
Also let the solution for k = + n be denote d by Y1•

a 2 a0 4 ]
Y1 = x" [ ao - 4 ( n: 1) x + 32 ( n + 1) ( n + 2) x - · · ·

ze.,
... (4)
Since we also have k = -n, let the solutio n for k = -n be denoted by Yr
Replacing n by -n in (4) we have,

x
2

Y, = aox-• [ l- 22 (~n+ l) + 25 (-n+ l)(-n +2)- · ·· J

x
4
7
. .. (5)
The compl ete (general) solutio n of (1) is given by
y = Ay1 + By 2, where A, B are arbitra ry consta nts.
We shall now standardize the solutio n as in (4) by choosing,
1
ao = 2 n r (n + 1 ) and the same be denote d by Y1 •

2 4
x" [ ( X) 1 ( X) 1 ]
Y1 = 2" r (n + 1) l - 2 n +1 + 2 ( n + 1) (n + 2) • 2 - · · ·

2
y1 _ (X )" [
2
1 (X ) 1
- r(n+ l) - 2 (n+l )r(n+ l)

+ (; J( n + 1 )( n + ~) r (n + 1 ) · 2 - .. ·l
We have a proper ty of gamma functio ns,
r(n) = (n-1 )f(n- 1)
r (n + 2) = ( n + 1) r (n + 1) and
•
r(n+ 3) = (n+2 )f(n+ 2) = (n+2 )(n+ l)f(n +1)
fvluv-
ence of the se res ult s we no w hav e,
consequ
2
p.s a x •[ 1
==b·) r(n+l)- 2 r(n+2)+ 2 r(n+3
1(x) l 1 (x)
4

Y1
)·2-···J
· further be pu t in the for m
'fhiS can

YI==
1 1
(1J(rc~-+ 1; .o, (;)° + i:.1, (;J +r(~~1!;.2J;J +···1
r(~ ~

2
X )" cc ( _1 )r ( X) r
or, yl :: ( 2 r~O r (H + r + 1 ) •r ! 2

ie.,
Y -
1 -
·t, (-l)r(X)n➔2r 1
r=O 2 r(n +r +l )-r !
This function is cal led the Bessel fun cti on of the fir
st kind of orde~ n den ote d
by J" ( X ). I

That is,

Further, the sol uti on for k = -n, ( in respect of y

Thus the general sol uti on of the Be sse l's eq ua2
) be de no ted by J-n ( x ).
tio n is giv en by
y = a 1" ( x ) + b J-n ( x )
where a and b are arb itra ry con sta nts an d n is
no t an int ege r.
 [1) Prove that
·~
')'' I (al .
l 1/2 (x) = s1nx

_I
(b) /
-1/2
(x) {2 cosx
= \j-;;;
t•!

r::r By definition,
00

1
( X )"+2r 1
l.(x) = ,~/- Y 2 r(n+r+l)r! ... (1)

Putting n = 1/2 in (1) we have,

/ 1/2 ( X ) = i (- l )' ( ; )
1/2+2r

.
l
r (r + 3/ 2 )r !

• = J{ t (-1)' (; J'r ( /3/2 r )r !

On expanding we have,
 1112 (x) = l[ r( !;2) -( ;)' r( 5:2 )1 ! +(;Jr( 7:2)2! - ···] .. . (2)

We know that, r(l/2) = J; and r(n) = (n-l)r(n-1)

P~tting n = 3/2 , 5/2 , 7/2 . . . we get the following values.
1 ✓1t 3 3✓rc
r (3/2) = r (1;2) = 2 ; r (5/2) = 2
r (3/2 ) =4
2

r(7/2) = s r(s)= isJ;.

2 2 8
Substituting these values in the RHS of (2) we have,

1112 ( X) = l [in -x: . 3~ + :: . 151 . 2 - .. ·]

H; [ x;
= 2- + :~ - .. ·]

=H;·![x-~ +1~0-·· ·]
(We have taken 2/ x as a common factor keeping in vi~ of the desired result)
3 5
.
ie., J 2 (x) = x x ··· ]
x--+--
1/ [ 3! 5!

(x) = (2 sinx
Thus, /
112 Vu
Also by putting n = - 1/2 in (1) we have,

ao ( )-1/2+2r l
I -112 ( x ) = ,~o ( - 1 )' ; r( r +

_ x -1/2 L(
00

1 )' x
( ) 2r
1
- ( 2) 0 - 2 r (r + 1/2 ) r !
 .
L,12 <x > = l r ( ! ; 2) -( ; J r (3 ~) 1 ! + ( ; Jr ( 5/~ ) 2 ! - · · ·J
lJslilg
the co mp ut ed va lu es of r ( 3/ 2 ), r ( 5/ 2) along with the value of
r ( 1/ 2 ) we h ave,
f2 f 1 x
2
2 x4 4 l
J_l/2 ( X) = f~ l ✓n 4 - . ✓n + 16 . 3.[;. . 2 - ... J
=~ [i-fi+f-···]
Thus, 1-1/2 ( X ) = fI
~~
CO S X
3,c.. 5'i"JlY"'I/ 1\.3,-
1
5"')\_ + b"")I.+ \
1-J._ h~v._, "-"= ~P.l-..)+-2-P1 l"-)
5 .., S
--,,:- = 7::. P~l"")
3,
+1-- f.'. \"-)
.3, 0
"'""d_ ""- = P, lx)
.· .-2- 5-.. +6"><+1 = 2:.P_,,\-..)+
2
P,l"')
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0
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== +[ 1 2
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= _\_ [:;,s (I+ 2 eos 2e+c..,s ~)-1s lt+<.os 2e)

2

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2- 2.
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5 5
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P l"><-) wt_ ho."<-,

0,...-,cl. I= 0

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Ls s ' .3. _,

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ooi..o [Link]
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X= o.5'"\ LX..,_
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