ACTIVITY 1
1.1 An election campaign refers to the organized effort by a candidate,
political party, or interest group to promote a specific candidate or set
of candidates for public office. It involves various activities such as
public speeches, rallies, debates, advertising and canvassing to
persuade voters to support a particular candidate or party. The goal of
an election campaign is to influence public opinion, mobilize
supporters, and ultimately secure votes to win an election.
1.2 Communities can discriminate and violate the basic human rights of
political parties to conduct elections campaigns in the following ways:
➢ Intimidation and violence:
Communities may use intimidation tactics or resort to violence to
discourage or prevent political parties from conducting their
campaigns in certain areas. This can create an atmosphere of fear and
hinder the free expression of political views.
➢ Restricting access to public spaces:
Some communities may restrict access to public spaces, such as parks
or community centres, which are essential for political parties to hold
rallies and engage with the public. This limits the ability of parties to
effectively communicate their message.
➢ Spreading hate speech and false information:
Communities may engage in spreading hate speech or false
information about certain political parties or candidates, creating a
hostile environment, and influencing public opinion through
misinformation.
1
➢ Economic discrimination:
Communities may economically discriminate against certain political
parties by boycotting businesses or individuals associated with those
parties, making it difficult for them to fundraise or operate effectively
within the community. These actions can undermine the principles of
democracy and the right to free and fair elections, violating the basic
human rights of political parties to conduct election campaigns in their
areas.
ACTIVITY 2
2.1
➢ Wider reach: Cyber campaigning allows political parties to reach a
larger audience compared to traditional methods. Through social
media, websites and online advertising, parties can engage with voters
across different demographics and geographical locations.
➢ Cost-Effective: Online campaigning can be more cost-effective than
traditional methods such as TV ads or printed materials. This allows
political parties with limited resources to compete effectively.
➢ Real-Time Engagement: Cyber campaigning enables real-time
interaction with voters. Parties can respond to feedback, address
concerns, and adapt their messaging based on the immediate
responses from the public. This level of engagement can help build
stronger connections with voters.
2
2.2 Privacy:
Political parties often violate the right to privacy during cyber campaigns by
collecting and misusing personal data without consent. This includes
tracking online activities, profiling individuals and using targeted
advertising without transparency or control.
Freedom of Expression:
Cyber campaigns frequently infringe upon the freedom of expression by
spreading disinformation, manipulating public opinion, and silencing
dissenting voices through online harassment or censorship. This undermines
individuals’ rights to express their opinions and access diverse sources.
2.3
➢ Transparency: Political leaders should be transparent about their
online campaign activities, including the sources of funding, the use
of data, and the dissemination of information.
➢ Data privacy: Respecting data privacy laws and regulations is
crucial. Political leaders should handle personal data ethically and
ensure it is protected from misuse or unauthorized access.
2.4 South African law enforcing agencies have made efforts to address
discriminatory cyber campaigns, but challenges persist. The Electronic
Communications and Transactions Act and the Promotion of Equality and
Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act provide legal frameworks to
combat cyber discrimination. However, the effectiveness of enforcement
remains a concern due to limited resources, technological complexities, and
3
the global nature of cyber activities. Collaborative efforts between law
enforcement, government, and civil society are crucial to enhance
prevention and response to discriminatory cyber campaigns.
ACTIVITY 3
3.1
NUMBER OF DESCRIMINATIONS AND VIOLATIONS OF
LEARNER`S RIGHTS IN CYBERBULLYING CASES(SEPTEMBER
- DECEMBER 2023)
30
26,5
25 23,2
Number of cases
20 17,2
16,7
15
10
0
September October November Category 4
Months
3.2
INTERVIEWER QUESTIONS: INTERVIEWEE RESPONSES:
3.2.1 Prevalence: How common is Studies have found that anywhere
cyberbullying among students in from 9% to 40% of students are
our school? victims of cyberbullying, 5-7 and
most suggest that online
victimization is less prevalent than
are school bullying and other forms
of offline victimization.
3.2.2 Platforms: Which online Cyberbullying is common on social
platforms or social media sites are media. The most common sites for
cyberbullying are Facebook,
4
most associated with cyberbullying followed by Twitter, Instagram, and
incidents? Snapchat.
3.2.3 Impact: What are the typical The effects of cyberbullying also
effects or consequences of include mental health issues,
cyberbullying on the victims’ well- increased stress and anxiety,
being and academic performance? depression, acting out violently, and
low self-esteem. Cyberbullying can
also result in long-lasting emotional
effects, even if the bullying has
stopped.
3.2.4 Reporting: How do students Report cyberbullying to online
usually report cyberbullying service providers.
incidents and what support systems
are in place to address these reports? Visit social media safety centres to
learn how to block users and change
settings to control who can contact
you. Report cyberbullying to the
social media site so they can act
against users abusing the terms of
services.
3.2.5 Prevention: What proactive ➢ The must spot cyberbullying
measures or initiatives does the using anti bullying tools.
school have in place to prevent ➢ Teach students a
cyberbullying and promote online
safety?
3.3 Interactive Workshops: Organize interactive workshops for students,
parents, and teachers to educate them about the impact of cyberbullying.
These workshops can include real-life scenarios, discussions, and strategies
to prevent and address cyberbullying.
5
ACTIVITY 4
4.1 Social media networks allow us the opportunity to share opinions with
a far wider audience. Another big change that has occurred is that there is
now no filter on the way we speak. In the past, unless you spoke to people
directly, you had no way to get your message across regardless of your
freedom of speech.
4.2
➢ Data collection and tracking: Social media platforms often collect
extensive data about their users, including personal information,
browsing history, and location data. This data is used for targeted
advertising and can be shared with third parties, potentially violating
users’ privacy. Additionally, these platforms often use tracking
technologies to monitor users’ online activities even outside of their
platforms, further compromising privacy.
➢ Privacy settings and data security: Many social media platforms
have complex privacy settings that can be difficult for users to
navigate. This can lead to unintentional sharing of personal
information with a wider audience than intended. Furthermore, data
breaches and security vulnerabilities in these platforms can result in
unauthorized access to users’ private information, leading to privacy
violations.
It's important for users to be aware of these privacy risks and to
carefully manage their privacy settings and information they share on
social media platforms. Additionally, policymakers and regulatory
6
bodies play a crucial role in holding these platforms accountable for
protecting users’ privacy.
4.3 Cybercriminals always opt for an easy way to make big money. They
target rich people or rich organizations like banks, casinos, and financial
firms where a huge amount of money flows daily and hack sensitive
information. Catching such criminals is difficult. Hence, that increases the
number of cybercrimes across the globe. Computers are vulnerable, so laws
are required to protect and safeguard them against cyber criminals. We
could list the following reasons for the vulnerability of computers:
➢ Easy to access- the problem behind safeguarding a computer system
from unauthorized access is that there are many possibilities of breach
due to the complex technology. Hackers can steal access codes, retina
images, advanced voice recorders, etc, that can fool biometric systems
easily and bypass firewalls can be utilized to get past many security
systems.
➢ Capacity to store data in comparatively small space- The computer
has the unique characteristic of storing data in a very small space. This
makes it a lot easier for people to steal data from any other storage
and use it for their own profit.
7
ACTIVITY 5
5.1
➢ Seek support: It’s essential for young people who have been
embarrassed by video footage to seek support from trusted friends,
family members or professionals. Talking about the experience can
help alleviate perspective on the situation.
➢ Take control of online presence: Encourage them to take control of
their online presence by reporting the video if it violates any
platform’s guidelines. Additionally, they can work on building a
positive online presence through their own content, showcasing their
talents, hobbies, and achievements. This can help overshadow the
embarrassing footage over time.
5.2
➢ legal action: Individuals who post video footage on social media
without consent may face legal consequences, such as fines or
imprisonment, depending on the severity of the violation and the laws
in their jurisdiction.
➢ Social media bans: Social media platforms can enforce bans on users
who can violate their terms of service by posting unauthorized video
footage. This can range from temporary suspensions to permanent
account termination, restricting their ability to share content.
8
5.3
➢ Privacy protection bill: This bill should outline strict regulations
regarding the unauthorized publication of private videos or images. It
should include provisions for legal action against individuals or
platforms that distribute such content without consent. The bill should
also establish penalties for those found guilty of violating privacy
rights.
➢ Cyberbullying prevention act: This act should specifically target the
dissemination of embarrassing or humiliating videos with the intent
to harm or harass individuals. It should define cyberbullying, provide
avenues for reporting such incidents and impose consequences for
perpetrators. Additionally, the act should include measures for the
removal of offensive content from online platforms.
ACTIVITY 6
As an academic expect, it is crucial to uphold the principles of fairness,
equality, and respect for basic human rights in election campaigns.
Discrimination and violation of human rights have no place in a democratic
society and can undermine the integrity of the electoral process.
Personal stand
I firmly oppose any form of discrimination or violation of basic human
rights during elections campaigns. It is essential for candidates and political
parties to conduct their campaigns in the manner that respects the dignity
9
and rights of all individuals, regardless of their race, ethnicity, gender,
religion, or any other characteristic.
Importance of fair campaigning
Fair campaigning is fundamental to the democratic process, as it allows for
informed decision-making by voters and promotes a level playing field for
all candidates. Any actions or rhetoric that perpetuate discrimination or
infringe upon human rights have the potential to erode trust in the electoral
system and harm the fabric of the community.
Academic perspective
From an academic standpoint, it is imperative to critically analyse and
challenge instances of discrimination and human rights violations in
election campaigns. Research and education play a vital role in raising
awareness about these issues and advocating for inclusive and ethical
electoral practices.
Conclusion
In conclusion, my position is unequivocal in condemning discrimination
and the violation of basic human rights during election campaigns.
Upholding these principles is essential for fostering a just and equitable
democratic society.
10
ACTIVITY 7
➢ INTERNET
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
➢ LIFE ORIENTATION BOOK(FOCUS)
➢ LIFE ORIENTATION NOTES
➢ LIBRARY
11
