GLOSSARY

 adjustment (n) /əˈdʒʌstmənt/ a small change made to something in order to correct or

improve it điều chỉnh
 advance (v) /ədˈvæns/ to develop or improve nâng cao
 advancement (n) /ədˈvænsmənt/ the development or improvement of something sự nâng
cao
 allowance (n) /əˈlaʊəns/ money that is given regularly by an employer to pay for a
particular thing trợ cấp
 authentic (adj) /ɔːˈθentɪk/ known to be real and what somebody claims it is and not a
copy chân thật
 authoritarian (adj) /ɔːˌθɒrɪˈteəriən/ believing that people should obey authority and rules,
even when these are unfair, and even if it means that they lose their personal freedom
độc tài
 autocratic (adj) /ˌɔːtəˈkrætɪk/ having complete power; involving rule by somebody who
has complete power chuyên quyền
 automate (v) /ˈɔːtəmeɪt/ to use machines and computers instead of people to do a job or
task tự động hóa
 backbone (n) /ˈbækbəʊn/ the most important part of a system, an organization, etc. that
gives it support and strength phần quan trọng
 belonging (n) /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋ/ the feeling of being comfortable and happy in a particular
situation or with a particular group of people, and being treated as a full member of the
group thuộc về
 cencus (n) /ˈsensəs/ the process of officially counting something, especially a country’s
population, and recording various facts điều tra
 centralize (v) /ˈsentrəlaɪz/ to give the control of an organization to a group of people in
one particular place tập trung hóa
 charitable (adj) /ˈtʃærətəbl/ connected with a charity or charities từ thiện
 collaboration (n) /kəˌlæbəˈreɪʃn/ the act of working with another person or group of
people to create or produce something sự hợp tác
 command (n) /kəˈmɑːnd/ an order given to a person yêu cầu
 commitment (n) /kəˈmɪtmənt/ a promise to do something or to behave in a particular way
 conduct (v) /kənˈdʌkt/ to organize and perform a particular activity
 control (n) /kənˈtrəʊl/ the power to make decisions about how a country, an area, an
organization, etc. is run điều khiển
 coordinate (v) /kəʊˈɔːrdɪneɪt/ to organize all the different activities and people who are
involved in something so that it works effectively điều phối
 corporate (adj) /ˈkɔːpərət/ connected with a large business company công ty
 corporation (n) /ˌkɔːrpəˈreɪʃn/ a large business company tập đoàn
 cover letter (n) /ˈkʌvər letər/ a letter that you send with something explaining the contents
of the document, etc. that you are sending thư xin việt
 cutting-edge (adj) /ˌkʌt̬ .ɪŋˈedʒ/ very modern and with all the newest features tiên tiến
 decentralization (n) /ˌdiːˌsentrəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ the act or process of giving some of the power of
a central government, organization, etc. to smaller parts or organizations around the
country sự phân cấp
 delegation (n) /ˌdelɪˈɡeɪʃn/ a group of people who represent the views of an organization,
a country phái đoàn
 direction (n) /daɪˈrekʃn/ the general way in which a person or thing develops
phương hướng
 discontinuation (n) /ˌdɪskənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃn/ the act of stopping doing or providing something
ngừng sử dụng
 efficiency (n) /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ the quality of doing something well with no waste of time or
money hiệu quả
 egoistic (adj) /ˌiːɡəʊˈɪstɪk/ thinking that you are better or more important than anyone
else ích kỉ
 eliminate (v) /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ to remove or get rid of something xóa bỏ
 empower (v) /ɪmˈpaʊə(r)/ to give somebody the power or authority to do something trao
quyền
 engage (v) /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ to become involved with something tham gia
 enlargement (n) /ɪnˈlɑːdʒmənt/ the process or result of something becoming or being
made larger mở rộng
 enterprise (n) /ˈen.t̬ ɚ.praɪz/ an organization, a company, or a business công ty
 entity (n) /ˈentəti/ an organization or a business that has its own separate legal and
financial existence thực thể
 expertise (n) /ˌekspɜːˈtiːz/ expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job
chuyên môn
 exponential (adj) /ˌekspəˈnenʃl/ growing rapidly or at an increasingly fast rate
 feedback (n) /ˈfiːdbæk/ advice, criticism or information about how good or useful
something or somebody’s work is
 guru (n) /ˈɡʊruː/ a person who is an expert on a particular subject or who is very good at
doing something
 hands-on (adj) /ˌhændz ˈɑːn/ directly involved in making decisions about the way in
which things should be done
 immersive (adj) /ɪˈmɜːsɪv/ referring to an experience that deeply involves the participant
nhập vai
 incremental (adj) /ˌɪŋkrəˈmentl/ increasing or adding on in small amounts tăng dần
 inevitable (adj) /ɪnˈevɪtəbl/ certain to happen and unable to be avoided or prevented
không thể tránh khỏi
 initiative (n) /ɪˈnɪʃətɪv/ a new plan or action to improve something or solve a problem
sáng kiến
 innovative (adj) /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing something,
etc. Đổi mới
 insight (n) /ˈɪnsaɪt/ an understanding of what something is like cái nhìn thấu suốt
 intangible (adj) /ɪnˈtændʒəbl/ not capable of being perceived by the senses vô hình
 interactive (adj) /ˌɪntərˈæktɪv/ that involves people working together and having an
influence on each other tương tác
 internship (n) /ˈɪntɜːrnʃɪp/ a period during which someone works for a company or
organization to get experience in a particular type of work
 interpersonal (adj) /ˌɪntərˈpɜːrsənl/ connected with relationships between people
 interruptive (adj) /ˌɪntəˈrʌptɪv / causing a pause or distraction to a process or activity
 inventory (n) /ˈɪnvəntri/ a written list of all the objects, furniture, etc. in a particular
building
 justify (v) /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ to show that somebody/something is right or reasonable biện minh
 liability (n) /ˌlaɪ.əˈbɪl.ə.t̬ i/ legal responsibility for something
 lifespan (n) /ˈlaɪfspæn/ the length of time that something is likely to live, continue or
function vòng đời
 linear (adj) /ˈlɪniə(r)/ going from one thing to another in a single series of stages
tuyến tính
 maturity (n) /məˈtʃʊərəti/ the state of being fully grown or developed trưởng thành
 monitor (v) /ˈmɒnɪtə(r)/ to watch and check something over a period of time in order to
see how it develops, so that you can make any necessary changes
 operation (n) /ˌɑːpəˈreɪʃn/ the activity or work done in a company, or in an area of
business or industry vận hành
 optimize (v) /ˈɒptɪmaɪz/ to make something as good as it can be; to use something in the
best possible way tối ưu hóa
 outshine (v) /ˌaʊtˈʃaɪn/ to be more impressive than somebody/something; to be better than
somebody/something tỏa sáng hơn
 patent (n) /ˈpætnt/ an official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or
an invention; a document that proves this bản quyền
 physiological (adj) /ˌfɪziəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ connected with the scientific study of the normal
functions of living things sinh lý
 portfolio (n) /pɔːrtˈfəʊliəʊ/ a collection of drawings, documents, etc. that represent a
person's, especially an artist's, work danh mục đầu tư
 predecessor (n) /ˈpriːdəsesə(r)/ a person who did a job before somebody else tiền bối
 prioritize (v) /praɪˈɒrətaɪz/ to put tasks, problems, etc. in order of importance, so that you
can deal with the most important first ưu tiên
 productivity (n) /ˌprɒdʌkˈtɪvəti/ the rate at which a worker, a company or a country
produces goods, and the amount produced, compared with how much time, work and
money is needed to produce them năng suất
 proficiency (n) /prəˈfɪʃnsi/ great skill, ability, and experience khả năng
 profitability (n) /ˌprɒfɪtəˈbɪləti/ the ability to make a profit có thể tạo lợi nhuận
 prolong (v) /prəˈlɒŋ/ to make something last longer kéo dài
 proprietorship (n) /prəˈpraɪətərʃɪp/ a particular legal form for a small company
quyền sở hữu
 recruitment (n) /rɪˈkruːtmənt/ the process of employing new people to work for an
organization
 revolution (n) /ˌrevəˈluːʃn/ a great change in conditions, ways of working, beliefs, etc.
that affects large numbers of people cuộc cách mạng
 scope (n) /skəʊp/ the range of things that a subject, an organization, an activity, etc. deals
with phạm vi
 seasoned (adj) /ˈsiːznd/ having a lot of experience of a particular activity dày dặn
 self-direction (n) /self dəˈrekʃn/ the ability to make your own decisions and organize your
own work rather than being told what to do by other people
 showcase (v) /ˈʃəʊkeɪs/ to present somebody's abilities or the good qualities of something
in an attractive way
 significant (adj) /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt/ large or important enough to have an effect or to be noticed
có ý nghĩa
 simulation (n) /ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ a situation in which a particular set of conditions is created
artificially in order to study or experience something that could exist in reality mô phỏng
 sole (adj) /səʊl/ only; single
 stakeholder (n) /ˈsteɪkhəʊldə(r)/ a person or company that is involved in a particular
organization, project, system, etc., especially because they have invested money in it
 stock (n) /stɑːk/ part of the ownership of a company that people have as an investment in
the form of shares
 subordinate (n) /səˈbɔːdɪnət/ a person who has a position with less authority and power
than somebody else in an organization cấp dưới
 subsistence (n) /səbˈsɪstəns/ the state of having just enough money or food to stay alive
sinh kế
 sustain (v) /səˈsteɪn/ to make something continue for some time without becoming less
duy trì
 synchronous /ˈsɪŋkrənəs/ (adj) happening or existing at the same time đồng bộ
 technical (adj) /ˈteknɪkl/ relating to the knowledge used in a particular subject or type of
work công nghệ
 tenure (n) /ˈtenjə(r)/ the period of time when somebody holds an important job, especially
a political one; the act of holding an important job nhiệm kỳ
 track (v) /træk/ to follow the progress or development of something theo dõi
 trademark (n) /ˈtreɪdmɑːk/ a name, symbol or design that a company uses for its products
and that cannot be used by anyone else nhãn mác
 transparency (n) /trænsˈpærənsi/ the quality of something, such as a situation or an
argument, that makes it easy to understand minh bạch
 unleash (v) /ʌnˈliːʃ/ to suddenly let a strong force, emotion, etc. be felt or have an effect
lan tỏa
 utilize (v) /ˈjuːtəlaɪz/ to use something, especially for a practical purpose sử dụng