Republic of the Philippines

COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Region V (Bicol)
BAAO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Juan, Baao, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the different methods and procedures used by the

researchers to achieve the goals of the study. It emphasized the description of the

research design and research instrument. And it also includes the respondents, locale,

data-gathering procedure, and statistical tools.

Research Method

This study employed the descriptive research design. Descriptive research

design is a quantitative research method that attempts to collect quantifiable

information for statistical analysis of the population sample. Descriptive research is used

to describe systematically and accurately the facts and characteristics of a given

population, as well as to portray the characteristics of persons, situation, or groups and

the frequency with which certain phenomenon occur. 1 It is a popular market research

tool that allows the researchers to collect and describe the demographic segment's

nature. The researchers used this design to interpret results using the given percentages

and mean.

This quantitative study intends to show the Level of Reading Comprehension in

English Subjects of the Grade IV Learners of Selected Upland Schools in Baao, District.

Respondents of the Study

Given the specific context of the study, which entailed examining the level of

reading comprehension within the pupil population of the target locale, it was noted that

both Antipolo Elementary School and Caranday Elementary School had considerably

small student populations, with Antipolo Elementary School comprising 17 pupils and

Caranday Elementary School having 35 pupils. This limited number of pupils in each

school posed a challenge in terms of employing traditional sampling methods, which

may not adequately capture the diversity and variability within the population.
 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Region V (Bicol)
BAAO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Juan, Baao, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Recognizing this constraint, the researchers opted for a total population sampling

approach. This method involves including every individual from the population of

interest in the study, thereby ensuring that no subset of the population is overlooked or

excluded from the analysis.2 By encompassing all 17 pupils from Antipolo Elementary

School and all 35 pupils from Caranday Elementary School, the researchers aimed to

obtain a comprehensive understanding of the level of reading comprehension on English

subject under investigation within the context of these schools.

The decision to use total population sampling was motivated by the desire to

maximize the representativeness of the sample and to ensure that the findings

accurately reflect the realities of the target locale. Additionally, this approach mitigated

potential biases that may arise from selecting a smaller subset of pupils through

conventional sampling methods. Despite the logistical challenges posed by the limited

pupil population in each school, the researchers deemed total population sampling as

the most appropriate and rigorous method for achieving the study's objectives.

School Number of Respondents

Antipolo Elementary School 17

Caranday Elementary School 35

TOTAL 52

Table No. 1
List of Number of Respondents per School

Data Gathering Tools

The study is conducted through an on-site survey, utilizing a researcher-made

questionnaire to gather the data directed to the chosen respondents. The instrument is

the tool and facility used to collect the data for the study. It can also be defined as a

tool for measuring, observing, or documenting quantitative data. The research

instrument used for gathering data is a questionnaire.

 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Region V (Bicol)
BAAO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Juan, Baao, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

The research used a structured questionnaire which were adapted from different

sources. The survey questionnaire is comprised of two sections: (1) the academic profile

of the respondents and (2) the Likert scale.

Data Gathering Procedure

Questionnaire. The respondents are subjected to answer the survey

questionnaire during the scheduled time without interference from the researchers. The

survey method is used to determine the demographic profiles of the respondents and

the level of reading literacy.

The results of the survey are the data used in determining the level of reading

literacy of the pupil-respondents. The formula in computing the level of reading literacy

of the students based from the input and as a whole is discussed under the statistical

tools used.

Preparation of the Questionnaire. This part consists of the preparation of all

research respondents and instruments. The survey questionnaire was prepared, refined

and validated by the research adviser. Then, the researchers sought authorization from

the research adviser to conduct a study outside school premises. A similar authorization

was asked from the advisers and school principal of the target respondents’ school from

Upland in Baao, District.

Validation of the Questionnaire. Upon completion of the construction of the

research questionnaire, the researchers sought the expertise of the research adviser to

determine whether the constructed questionnaire will serve its intended purpose.

Administration and Retrieval of Questionnaire. The validated researcher-

made questionnaire was administered to the target respondents. At the start of the

survey, the respondents were briefly oriented on the research study. After, the

questionnaires were retrieved and the responses were tallied and interpreted

appropriately to illustrate the results and formulate conclusions.

 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Region V (Bicol)
BAAO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Juan, Baao, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Statistical Treatment of Data

The data in this research were analyzed using descriptive analysis.

Descriptive analysis. It indicates general tendencies in the data (mean, mode,

median), the spread of score (variance, deviation, range), or a comparison of how one

score relates to all others (percentages). The descriptive analysis is use to find the

average frequency and percentage of the academic profile; and the average score of

reading literacy.

Percentage of data is found by adding up all the values of the data points and

dividing by the total number of data points multiplied by 100. The academic profile of

the respondents will be determined using percentages. 2 The formula used to calculate

the percentage is as follows:

F
P=
N ×100

Where:

P= percentage

F= frequency of responses

N= number of respondents

Weighted mean of data is found by multiplying the weight associated with the

data point with the frequency and summing it all together, then dividing it to the total

number of responses. It is used to determine the results assessed from the second

section of the questionnaire.3 The formula used is as follows:

∑ fx
X=
f

Where:

X= weighted mean
 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Region V (Bicol)
BAAO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Juan, Baao, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

x = weight of category of responses

∑ fx = sum of all weighted responses

f = number of responses

WEIGHT/ SCALE MEAN RANGE VERBAL INTERPRETATION

5 4.51-5.00 Most Effective
4 3.51-4.50 Very Effective
3 2.51-3.50 Moderately Effective
2 1.51-2.50 Somewhat Effective
1 1.00-1.50 Not at all Effective

Likert Scale. The following verbal interpretation was adapted to quantify the

respondents’ answer to each item:

Table No. 2
Likert Scale
Research Locale

Figure No. 1
Map of Corresponding Research Locale of the Study
The chosen locale of the researchers were Antipolo Elementary School and

Caranday Elementary School, located at Baao, Camarines Sur. This research focused on

the Grade 4 pupils of both schools. This place is suitable for the research because
 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Region V (Bicol)
BAAO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Juan, Baao, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

students with diverse profiles are the main target. The researchers aimed to assess the

level of reading comprehension in English subject of the Grade IV learners of Antipolo

and Caranday Elementary School.

Notes

1
Descriptive Research Design. Retrieved from:

[Link]
 Republic of the Philippines
COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION
Region V (Bicol)
BAAO COMMUNITY COLLEGE
San Juan, Baao, Camarines Sur
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

%20research%3A%20Descriptive%20research%20is,describe%20the%20demographic

%20segment%27s%20nature.

2
Percentage Formula. Retrieved from:

[Link]

3
Weighted Mean. Retrieved from:

[Link]