Crystal structure

1. Lead is a metallic crystal having a _______ structure.

a) FCC
b) BCC
c) HCP
d) TCP

2. Which of the following has a HCP crystal structure?

a) W
b) Mo
c) Cr
d) Zr

3. Amorphous solids have _______ structure.

a) Regular
b) Linear
c) Irregular
d) Dendritic

4. At ________ iron changes its BCC structure to FCC.

a) 308oC
b) 568oC
c) 771oC
d) 906 .C

5. At room temperature, tin is formed into _________

a) Gray tin
b) White tin
c) Red tin
d) Yellow tin

6. Which of the following is a property of non-metallic crystals?

a) Highly ductile
b) Less brittle
c) Low electrical conductivity
d) FCC structure

7. Which of the following is not an amorphous material?

a) Glass
b) Plastics
c) Lead
d) Rubbers

8. The crystal lattice has a _________ arrangement.

a) One-dimensional
b) Two-dimensional
c) Three-dimensional
d) Four-dimensional

9. The smallest portion of the lattice is known as __________

a) Lattice structure
b) Lattice point
c) Bravais crystal
d) Unit cell

10. Bravais lattice consists of __________ space lattices.

a) Eleven
b) Twelve
c) Thirteen
d) Fourteen

11. A unit cell that contains lattice points only at the corners is known as _________
a) Primitive unit cell
b) Secondary unit cell
c) Layered unit cell
d) Derived unit cell

12. The axial relationship of a monoclinic crystal system is given as ___________

a) a = b = c
b) a = b ≠ c
c) a ≠ b = c
d) a ≠ b ≠ c

13. The axial relationship of a rhombohedral crystal system is given as ___________

a) a = b = c
b) a = b ≠ c
c) a ≠ b = c
d) a ≠ b ≠ c

14. The interracial angles of a hexagonal crystal system are given by __________
a) α = β = ϒ = 90o
b) α = β = 90o ϒ = 120o
c) α = β = ϒ ≠ 90o
d) α ≠ β ≠ ϒ ≠ 90o
15. The interracial angles of a triclinic crystal system are given by __________
a) α = β = ϒ = 90o
b) α = β = 90o ϒ = 120o
c) α = β = ϒ ≠ 90o
d) α ≠ β ≠ ϒ ≠ 90o

16. What is the atomic radius of a BCC crystal structure?

a) a/2
b) a/4
c) a√2/4
d) a√3/4

17. What is the coordination number of a simple cubic structure?

a) 6
b) 8
c) 10
d) 12

18. What is the atomic packing factor of BCC structure?

a) 0.54
b) 0.68
c) 0.74
d) 0.96
1. The difference between the number of atoms in a unit cell of a BCC crystal and an FCC crystal is
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 4
(d) 6
2. When BCC iron is heated, it changes to FCC iron resulting in
(a) contraction in volume
(b) increase in volume
(c) no change in volume
(d) crack in the material

3. In a silicon crystal, the arrangements of atoms are repeated periodically. This type of material is classified as
(a) Amorphous and non-crystalline
(b) Non-crystalline and epitaxial
(c) Epitaxial and single crystal
(d) Amorphous and single crystal

4. Which one of the following statements is correct?

(a) hard and brittle

(b) soft and elastic
(c) hard and corrosive
(d) soft and inflammable

5. Which one of the following exhibits the most well defined X-ray diffraction pattern?

(a) A polycrystalline aggregate

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(b) An amorphous material

(c) A single crystalline material
(d) A plastically deformed crystal

6. In a crystal lattice, what are the vacancies created by the absence of certain atoms known as?
(a) Hertz defects
(b) Schottky defects
(c) Pauli defects
(d) Crystal defects

7. Epitaxial lll-V group semiconductor compounds have which one of the following crystal structures?
(a) BCC
(b) FCC
(c) Hexagonal
(d) Zinc blends
8. In ionic crystal, electrical conductivity is
(a) Very high
(b) Depends on the material
(c) Depends on temperature
(d) Practically zero

9. The crystal in which atoms are chemically highly inactive and they do not form compounds with other atoms is

(a) ionic crystal

(b) Metal
(c) Valance crystal
(d) Van der walls crystal

10. The unit cell of a certain type of crustal id is defined by three vectors
(a) Triclinic
(b) Tetragonal
(c) Orthorhombic
(c) Monoclinic
11. The coordination number and the atomic packing factor for Hexagonal closed packed (HCP) and face-centered
cubic crystal structure are respectively

(a) 8 and 0.74

(b) 12 and 0.68
(c) 8 and 0.68
(d) 12 and 0.74

12. The resistivity of material is a function of temperature because

(a) electrons density varies with temperature

(b) electron gas density varies with temperature
(c) the amplitude of vibration of an atom varies with temperature
(d) all of the above

View Answer
13. The atomic packing factor for dace centered cubic (FCC) crystal structure is

(a) 0.63
(b) 0.74
(c) 7.4
(d) 6.3

14. which on of the following helps experimental confirmation of the crystalline state of matter?

(a) Shock compression

(b) Photo emission
(c) Conductivity measurements
(d) X-ray diffraction

15. The ratio of ionic of cations i.e rc and that of Anions i.e. rA for stable and unstable ceramic crystal structure, is

(a) Less than unity

(b) Greater than unity
(c) Unity
(d) Either lesser or greater than unity
[Link] of the following crystal systems has unit cells with all angles equal to 90°?
(a) Cubic
(b) Tetragonal
(c) Orthorhombic
(d) Triclinic
17 The smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice is called:
(a) Molecule
(b) Atom
(c) Unit cell
(d) Crystal plane
18 In a simple cubic unit cell, what is the fraction of the cell occupied by atoms?

(a) 1/8
(b) 1/6
(c) 1/4
(d) 1/2

19 Which of the following packing arrangements has the highest packing efficiency?
(a) Simple cubic
(b) Body-centered cubic (BCC)
(c) Face-centered cubic (FCC)
(d) Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)
Image of FCC unit cellOpens in a new window
20 The percentage of void space in a BCC unit cell is approximately:
(a) 26%
(b) 32%
(c) 38%
(d) 44%
21 Which of the following statements is TRUE about the void space in an FCC unit cell?
(a) It consists of two tetrahedral voids and one octahedral void.
(b) It consists of four tetrahedral voids and two octahedral voids.
(c) It consists of eight tetrahedral voids and four octahedral voids.
(d) It does not contain any voids.

22 The Miller indices (hkl) of a plane that intercepts the x-axis at a distance of a/2, the y-axis at 2a, and the z-axis at
infinity are:
(a) (100)
(b) (010)
(c) (120)
(d) (111)
23. The direction vector connecting the origin to the point (1, 1, 1) in a cubic unit cell is:
(a)
(b) (Answer)
(c)
(d)
[Link] angle between the and directions in a cubic unit cell is:
(a) 30°
(b) 45°
(c) 60°
(d) 90°

[Link] of the following is NOT a point defect?

(a) Vacancy
(b) Interstitial
(c) Substitution
(d) Dislocation (Answer)
26 Edge dislocations can be classified as:
(a) Frank and Schottky
(b) Frenkel and crowdion
(c) Screw and edge
(d) Vacancy and interstitial
27 Grain boundaries are:
(a) High-energy interfaces between two differently oriented single crystals.
(b) Low-energy interfaces between two identical single crystals.
(c) Regions of disorder within a single crystal.
(d) None of the above.

28. Which of the following IS NOT a characteristic of a lattice?

(a) Regular arrangement of points in space
(b) Points represent atoms, ions, or molecules
(c) Translation vectors define periodicity
(d) Points are connected by lines (not true for all latices)
29. The basis refers to:

(a) All atoms in a unit cell

(b) Only atoms not on lattice points
(c) Specific arrangement of atoms within a unit cell
(d) The unit cell itself
30 A non-primitive unit cell contains:
(a) Only one lattice point
(b) More than one lattice point with identical basis atoms
(c) More than one lattice point with different basis atoms
(d) Any of the above (depending on the crystal):

31 Rotation about an axis by a specific angle is a type of:

(a) Translation
(b) Inversion
(c) Rotation
(d) Reflection
32 The point group describes:
(a) Symmetry operations related to a single point
(b) All symmetry operations of a crystal lattice
(c) Symmetry in the arrangement of different unit cells
(d) None of the above
32 The space group includes:
(a) All symmetry operations of a single unit cell
(b) All symmetry operations of a crystal lattice
(c) Information about lattice type and point group
(d) All of the above

33 The number of Bravais lattices in 2D is:

(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) Infinite
34 Which of the following IS NOT a Bravais lattice type in 3D?

(a) Simple cubic

(b) Face-centered cubic
(c) Tetragonal
(d) Monoclinic
35 The parameters of a cubic lattice include:
(a) Edge length only
(b) Edge length and one angle
(c) Edge length and all angles (always 90° for cubic)
(d) Edge length and space group information
Lattice Planes and Miller Indices:

36 The Miller indices (hkl) of a plane intercepting the x-axis at a/2, the y-axis at 2a, and the z-axis at infinity are:
(a) (100)
(b) (010)
(c) (120)
(d) (111)
37 The distance between two parallel lattice planes with Miller indices (hkl) is given by:

(a) a/h + a/k + a/l

(b) 1/(√(h^2 + k^2 + l^2))
(c) √(h^2 + k^2 + l^2)
(d) None of the above
36 Interplanar angles between lattice planes depend on:

(a) Lattice type only

(b) Miller indices of both planes
(c) Lattice parameters (e.g., edge length)
(d) All of the above

37 The coordination number in HCP and FCC structures is:

(a) 4
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 12
38 Diamond structure features covalent bonds with each carbon atom bonded to:

(a) 2 other carbon atoms

(b) 3 other carbon atoms
(c) 4 other carbon atoms
(d) 6 other carbon atoms
39 Cesium Chloride structure has:
(a) A large cation at the center of a cube of small anions
(b) A small cation at the center of a cube of large anions
(c) Each cation surrounded by 6 nearest-neighbor anions and vice versa
(d) No ionic character, only covalent bonds
.
Crystal Structure:**

1. **Question:** What is the basic repeating unit of a crystal structure?

a) Atom
b) Molecule
c) Cell
d) Crystal

**Answer:** c) Cell

2. **Question:** Which term describes a set of points in space such that each point has identical surroundings?

a) Lattice
b) Basis
c) Structure
d) Symmetry

**Answer:** a) Lattice

**Lattice, Basis & Crystal Structure:**

3. **Question:** In a crystal lattice, the smallest repeating unit that, when translated through the lattice vectors,
fills the entire crystal is called:

a) Unit cell
b) Basis
c) Crystal structure
 d) Lattice point

**Answer:** a) Unit cell

4. **Question:** If a crystal structure has more than one atom per unit cell, what is it called?

a) Simple crystal
b) Complex crystal
c) Composite crystal
d) Non-primitive crystal

**Answer:** d) Non-primitive crystal

**Symmetry Operations, Point Group & Space Group:**

5. **Question:** Which of the following is a symmetry operation that involves reflection?

a) Rotation
b) Translation
c) Inversion
d) Shear

**Answer:** c) Inversion

6. **Question:** A set of symmetry operations that leave at least one point fixed is known as a:

a) Space group
b) Point group
c) Lattice group
d) Translation group

**Answer:** b) Point group

**2D & 3D Bravais Lattice:**

7. **Question:** How many Bravais lattices exist in 3D space?

a) 4
b) 7
c) 14
d) 21

**Answer:** c) 14
8. **Question:** In a 2D Bravais lattice, how many lattice translation vectors are needed to generate the entire
lattice?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

**Answer:** a) 1

**Parameters of Cubic Lattices:**

9. **Question:** What is the relationship between the lattice constant (a) and the edge length of a cubic unit cell?

a) a = 2l
b) a = l
c) a = l/2
d) a = √2l

**Answer:** b) a = l

10. **Question:** In a cubic lattice, what is the angle between any two edges?

a) 90 degrees
b) 60 degrees
c) 120 degrees
d) 180 degrees
Certainly! Let's continue with the next set of topics related to solid state physics.

**Lattice Planes and Miller Indices:**

11. **Question:** What are Miller indices used to describe in crystallography?

a) Crystal structure
b) Lattice planes
c) Symmetry operations
d) Bravais lattices

**Answer:** b) Lattice planes

12. **Question:** For a plane intersecting the x, y, and z axes at 1, 2, and 3 respectively, what are the Miller indices
for this plane?

a) (1,2,3)
 b) (3,2,1)
c) (2,3,1)
d) (1,3,2)

**Answer:** a) (1,2,3)

**Simple Crystal Structures:**

13. **Question:** Which of the following crystal structures is characterized by a close-packed arrangement of
spheres with the stacking sequence ABCABC...?

a) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
c) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)
d) Simple Cubic (SC)

**Answer:** b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

14. **Question:** In a Diamond crystal structure, each carbon atom is bonded to how many other carbon atoms?

a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 6

**Answer:** c) 4

**Crystal Structures - Examples:**

15. **Question:** The crystal structure of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) is an example of:

a) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
c) Simple Cubic (SC)
d) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

**Answer:** b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

16. **Question:** Cesium Chloride (CsCl) crystal structure is an example of:

a) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
c) Simple Cubic (SC)
d) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)
 **Answer:** d) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

**Glasses:**

17. **Question:** In glasses, the arrangement of atoms lacks long-range order. What is this type of structure called?

a) Crystalline
b) Amorphous
c) Polycrystalline
d) Hexagonal

**Answer:** b) Amorphous

18. **Question:** Glasses are often produced by rapidly cooling a molten material. What is this process called?

a) Annealing
b) Quenching
c) Tempering
d) Solidification

**Answer:** b) Quenching

1. **Question:** What is the coordination number of atoms in a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal structure?

a) 4
b) 6
c) 8
d) 12

**Answer:** b) 6

2. **Question:** In a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystal, what fraction of the octahedral voids are occupied by atoms?

a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 3/4
d) 1

**Answer:** a) 1/4

**2. Diamond Crystal Structure:**

3. **Question:** How many carbon atoms are there in a unit cell of a diamond crystal?
 a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

**Answer:** b) 4

4. **Question:** What type of bonding is predominant in the diamond crystal structure?

a) Ionic
b) Covalent
c) Metallic
d) Van der Waals

**Answer:** b) Covalent

**3. Cubic Zinc Sulphide (ZnS):**

5. **Question:** Cubic Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) adopts which type of crystal structure?

a) Simple Cubic (SC)

b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
c) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)
d) Zinc Blende

**Answer:** d) Zinc Blende

6. **Question:** What is the coordination number of zinc ions in the cubic Zinc Sulphide crystal structure?

a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

**Answer:** c) 6

**4. Sodium Chloride (NaCl):**

7. **Question:** Sodium Chloride (NaCl) crystal structure is an example of:

a) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
c) Simple Cubic (SC)
 d) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

**Answer:** b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)

8. **Question:** What is the coordination number of sodium ions in the NaCl crystal structure?

a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

**Answer:** c) 6

**5. Cesium Chloride (CsCl):**

9. **Question:** Cesium Chloride (CsCl) crystal structure is an example of:

a) Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)

b) Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)
c) Simple Cubic (SC)
d) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

**Answer:** d) Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)

10. **Question:** What is the coordination number of cesium ions in the CsCl crystal structure?

a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

**Answer:** c) 6

**6. Glasses:**

11. **Question:** What term describes the lack of long-range order in the arrangement of atoms in glasses?

a) Crystalline
b) Polycrystalline
c) Amorphous
d) Ordered

**Answer:** c) Amorphous
12. **Question:** How are glasses typically formed from a molten material?

a) Slow cooling
b) Rapid cooling (quenching)
c) Heating
d) Evaporation

**Answer:** b) Rapid cooling (quenching)