MATHEMATICS - III
sequence and Series A
Multivariable Calculus (Differentiation) 35
Multivariable Calculus (Integration) 82
Ordinary Differential Equation 105
Graph Theory nas
NOTE:
MAKAUT course structure and syllabus of 3° Sem-has been changed from 2019.
Present syllabus of MATHEMATICS Ill {for CS & IT] has been designed and
structured with selected topics from other MATHEMATICS of different years and
branches. Taking special care of this matter we are providing the relevant MAKAUT
university solutions as model questions & answers along with the complete solutions
of new university papers, so that students can get an idea about university questions
patterns. .
ME ME POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
SEQUENCES AND SERIES
@ Chapter at a Glance —
* A sequence (1,) #8 sid to be bounded above or bounded below according a the range ag i”
{u,} is bounded above or boiinded below. The sequence {u,} is said to be bounded it ig
range set is both bounded above and below.
+ A sequence {u,) is said to be bounded above if there exist a real number U sy
ich that
4, SU, Wne N . Uis known as an upper bound of the sequence (u,}
+ A sequence {11,} is said to be bounded below if there exist a real number L. such that
4, SL, Vn EN. Lis known as a lower bound of the sequence (u,).
* A sequence {u,} is said to be unbounded above or unbounded below if iti
above or bounded below.
* A sequence {u,} is said t0 be bounded if real numbers L,U such that Lsu,
iS Not bounded
lim u, =0.
lf the n™ term ofa series does not tends to zero as n—> eo ie, if Tim 1, #0, then the series
is divergent .
+ D’Alembert’s Ratio Test:
5 oo a t
Statement: Let Yu, be a series of positive terms and lim Mast
oe
Then i) Su, converges if <1.
ii) Du, diverges if | >1.
No conclusion can be drawn if / =1i.e., the test fails for | =1,
© Cauchy's Root Test:
Statement: Let Y'u, be a series of positive terms and lim yu, =.
Then i) }°u, converges if <1.
it) Du, diverges if />1.
No conclusion can be drawn if
=li.e., the test fails for J
MATH-CST-2 MATHEMATICS=IIl
rms are_altematively positive and negative is
jenoted by
xer ‘unt uy + 1, +
nating Series: A series in which the t
Aj an alterating series and the series is di
ite's Test: An alternating series (—1)""
peiba g Series 2 1h u, . u, >0,¥n is such that
a ie. {u,} i i
() Yar Stn be {u,} is monotonic decreasing and (ii) u, -»0 as n—> Die. limu, =
shen the series is convergent, .
Note: If tim, #0, the alternating series is oscillatory:
An infinite series Dy of real constants is said to be absolutely convergent if the series
+|u|+
Thylien if(u,|+ u,| is convergent.
T
Note: A convergent serics of real non-negative terms is absolutely convergent.
An infinite series )"u, of real constants is said to be conditionally convergent if the series
x
‘Theorem: If a series )\u, of real constants is said to be absolutely convergent, then it is
T
| is not convergent).
ss convergent but not absolutely convergent (Le. >|
;
convergent i., absolute convergence of a series implies its convergence.
Results: For proving absolute convergence, we apply the known tests of positive series on
Thus, 1x, converges absolutely, if lim gu, | <1 Root Test)
a oe
Pel <1 (Ratio Test)
4u,
‘Very Short Answer e Questions
or, if lim|
[Link] series J is convergent if [WBUT 2019]
nel n?
a) p! e) p=l d) none of these
Answer: (b)
2On which region log(1+x) can be expanded in an infinite series? [WBUT 2022]
Auswer: -1 ta
(2x4 7
8) convergent b) divorgont
‘Answer: (d)
16 ot
a
TX (a, cosne +b, sin nx), thon the valuo of a, will bo
mi
a2 b) 0
Answer: (c)
"6. The period of cos 2zrx Is
a) Qn
b)1
Answer: (b) )
S(x)=xsinx,-aSxS 7, bo
erat l?,
MATHEMATICS = II
{MODEL QUESTION)
b) divergent
4) none of these
[MODEL QUESTION]
©) oscillatory d) none of these
[MODEL QUESTION]
©) oscillatory d) nono of these
[MODEL QUESTION]
©) oscillatory 4d) nono of these
[MODEL QUESTION]
b) conditionally convorgont
d) nono of those
[MODEL QUESTION}
¢) oscillatory d) none of these
prosontod in Fourler series as
[MODEL QUESTION]
c)4 d)4
[MODEL QUESTION] -
c)2 d) None of these
MATH-CST-5 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
17. The period of the function f(x) =|sinx] is (MODEL. QUESTion)
3) 2+ ») = 3a 4) x
Answer: (c)
18 A function f(x)=x°,-7Sx(4) is convergent. (Ans.)
mi SN
4 5
[Link] that, e“*"* =1 te
[WBUT 2022]
Answer:
Let y= f(x) =e", -acxco
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
1
yee i)
(l+x*)y=y
Again differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
(l+x4)y, + 2x, =y, > +27), +(2x-Dy=0. Gi)
and (1+x?)y, +(4x—-I)y, +2y, =0 + iii)
Putting x = 0 in (i), (ii) and (iii), we get, ;
(%),=1, (v2), =1, (%)p=—1 + (iv)
(l42)y,, + Amy,,, +2 wee Dy, £2x-Dyu # 2%, =O
Sl +x?)y,, + (200+ x— 1} Yaar ++ Dy, =O
Putting x=0, we get
Una)y~(Yna)y + 00+ (Yap =0
iting n= 2for n, we get
(»,), = (%p),- (= 2X2- D(¥4-2)0
MATH-CST-7 . POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
Putting n=4, 5, 6, ....in succession, and using (iv), we get
(%)o= "5s (H)o =
Representing (y,), by /‘"(0), we have by Maclaurine's series,
I) = £00) + 3f'0)+ FI") + SMO) + SLO to
aa
ie, eM alert 2- ss, (Proved)
4. Give an example of a sequence which is bounded but not convergent.
[MODEL QUESTION}
Answer:
Let us consider the sequence u,=f{(-1)"}. The terms of the sequence are
{-1,1,- }. So, the sequence is bounded with lower bound —1 and upper bound 1,
but it is not convergent.
5. Show that the sequence {U,},_,, where U, = 2(-1)" does not converge.
[MODEL QUESTION]
Answer:
The sequence is{U,},,where U,=2(-1)". The terms of the sequence are
{-2,2,-2,2,-2,.. }. It is obvious that the sequence is not convergent. It is an
oscillatory sequence.
6. Test the convergence of the series X (vor +1—Vnt =1). [MODEL QUESTION]
a
Answer:
Here,
A EU),
(Gist) Vanier
lim“ = tim aw = lim jin (finite)
aaa ET a
Since vy, is convergent (since it is a p—series with p=2), hence by Comparison
test, the given series is convergent.
MATH-CST-8 z,Test the convergence of the series 1+
Answer?
et 1+ 5m, be the given series,
al
n
a
4, oF ee
Now [Link] another series
tim“ =1 40
ney,
Therefore, according to comparison test, both the series Ju, and Sy, are converge or
diverge together. :
a: 1. we
Now the series Le isa p series with p=1 and it is divergent.
So You, is also divergent. .
2. FF
—-
3° ae
P
8. Test the series for convergence + [MODEL QUESTION]
Answer:
Let! }'u, be the given series.
=
oa
(n+l)
‘Now, we consider another series
* : i
= ai ner)
Now applying comparison test we have,
Hence, according to comparison test; the series $°U will be convergent if ¢> p+1 and
a
itwill be divergent if q< p+1
MATH-CST-9
a POPULATE PUBLICATIONS
M47
8, Tost the nature of the reves!) (43) (} 23) be ciens
(MODEL QUESTIO)
Answer
Let S'n, be the given series
,
n
| and
Qn fon
:
Jim tt w tim| AE] wd ct.
ve el ona) 4
Hence according to D*Alembert's Ratio Test, we can conclude that the given series i
convergent.
8 Is convergont?
10, For what valuos of x tho following o
x vx .
x [MODEL QUESTIO!
Stott
1.3035 5.7
Answer:
yt
ra
is u, © —<————— and u, , = =~...
The nth term of the given series is 4, @n=)an+h* Uns Garand)
ot (2n=12n41) _ 2n=1
u, (an+iy(2n+3)" x" 2n+3
Hence, lim “4h = x
mt,
Therefore, by D'Alembert’s Ratio test the given series is convergent if x1.
1
Letv, =>
na
Now, for x= 1, ——— a
(2n=1)2n +1)
Therefore,
4,
tim = tim
re | (finite)
tn Ait ona iane rene 4
MATII-CST-10 y
MATHEMATICS = Ill
y, is conv
asiee Da" is ‘ergent (since it is a p—series with p=2>1),s0 ; by Comparison
vate iver series is convergent for x=1.
& wus, the given series is convergent for x <1 and divergent x >1.
Th
tn state D’ ‘Alembert’s ratio test for convergence of an infinite ee Examine the
2
soworgonce or divergence of the series 1) (2) 2 (eee
3 35 35.7) ""
[MODEL QUESTION]
Let Du, bea series of positive terms and im “= =/.
me uy
then (i) Dy converges if I<.
Gi) Dou, diverges if / $1,
Noconclusion can be drawn if / = Lie, the test fails for / =1.
2” Part: Refer to Question No. 7 of Short Answer Type Questions.
42. For what values of x is the following infinite series convergent?
e(+1)" x"
Le (x>0). : [MODEL QUESTION]
=
Answer:
Let ou, be the given series
_(n+2)""
mt Gey
(ne2y" at
ie (nel (nt 1"
=
techy heue(sty)eebees
eo LY ee\nel e
co)
n .
%, according to D’ Alembert’s Ratio Test, the given series is convergent for x <1.
m State D'Alembert’s Ratio test. Applying this test, examine the convergence of
following series
2
(a>0) : [MODEL QUESTION]
MATH-CST-11 PULAR PUBLICATIONS
Answer:
1" Part:
D’ Alembert’s Ratio Test: Refer to Unit at a Glance.
2" Part:
Let }’w, be the given series
n=
Now, Lt Moot Lt cnt”
nee yu, (n+l)!
So according to D’Alembert’s Ratio Test the given series is convergent.
14, State D’ Alembert's ratio test for convergence of an infinite series. Examine th
convergence and divergence of the series. [MODEL QUESTION
x xx
1+=+—+—+.
2 5 10
Answer:
1" Part:
D’ Alembert’s Ratio Test: Refer to Unit at a Glance.
2" Part:
Let 1+ >?
be the given series.
Therefore, 1, =—>—
n+l
Us, xt +l
Now, lim“ = fim—*—.
“eu, (neal x
P +l
= lim—~_(n? +1) = xlim—2 41 — stim" — =
= (n41)l +1 noe 2 noe 2
(n+1)' + (+1) +1 (+2) mae
n) on
So if x <1, the series will be convergent, when 1 >1 series will be divergent.
At x=1, the series will become Tee ee -=l+ i
2.5 10
MATH-CST-12 y
MATHEMATICS - I
is convergent (p series with p=2) by comparison test S7—'— must
an weal
since ot
e convergent.
; ze 1.
'—— is also convergent.
= 50, 1* Lia
: ence at X= 1, the series is convergent,
45. Find whether the following series is convergent:
1 “2
2 2 z_3 4 4)
S-=|] +/5-= ao
(F 2) (3 2 +e 3 +.
Answer!
tet Yom, be the given series.
fe] eer]
sont (1) (MY a] [onto =e]
; ;
=—<1l_— fv 20,x->0]
“refore, by Cauchy’s Root test, the given series is convergent.
MATH-CST-13 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS.
< 608 (nz) z
17. Discuss the convergonco of tho series Secostn) «Is It absolutely converge:
ot ¥
Answer:
s(n)
Lety, = 8! “a = Therefore,
me
l=
wel
Let us consider a series whose nth term is given by v=
which is convergent.
w
Clearly, |u,|1)
ow, Uhull+ oe tse tg P p=2>1)
series S"lu,| is convergent and hence the given altemating series is
;
convergent.
19. Find’a Fourier series of the function. [MODEL
fQ)=-x,-2<"50
=x, 08x82,
Answer:
Put x=2¥. Clearly then
7
MATH-CST-14 MATHEMATICH AL
pen (2a DS teat
oe ‘ merrtedd tte ( Se 76) and he function
whet <<
when dey
& VS
F(z) am ever function, the Fourier series will he a cosine series only,
uy nt pf -2 .
yey alas Edna
z
an! Traecsme’ =F]F orcs 2 PE coum f, {( - i}
smguired Fourier series is 2 cl
pence the series is Ft Deosne
2B Eagamt tre feilewing function in a Fourior sorios In[{-, 1].
—Lz+x) when —rsx<0
7@)=4 = [MODEL QUESTION]
i(e-x) when 00.
a=
Now, aenb_ _a+(n-b _(a+nb)-b
aa I atnb a+nb
a+(n-1b
=1- <1 [a> 0,6>0,0>0]
4,4, {u,}, is monotone decreasing.
Also, limu, = lim———_
nae aan ob
Hence by Leibnitz’s test, the given series is convergent.
=0
(Ans.)
MATH-CST-22 MATHEMATICS IIL
pie L¢ (x) =sinx.
yk a is continuous and differentiable for all values of x ER .
fore, by Taylor series expansion is applicable to f(x) forall values of x eR . Thus
expanding (2) about x= 7/2, we get .
e poy= S12) + &—A2) f'Cal2) + Gaby ral2+& aah —
"CEA pay tee tR e O
a Tice
where R, = GaP p {2/2 + Ax—n/2)}, 0 0 as n— 00,
oe eee
pene, efi p+ Gv Gow" aot, (Ans)
1 4
(©) Given series is > where u, = 2+ n+ 4)
= n(n+2)(n+5)°
Letus consider the series Jv, where v, =.
: tal n
(nt 1n+4) 5 4
uy | nn +2045) m4Sn?+4n Ite
lim = lim = lim i ate ich i
mye 1 time 7n? + 10m) oe 142420 chee
+240
nn
n
anonzero finite number.
Hence by Comparison test the two series yu, and > either both converge or both
diverge.
But, Yv,, being a p-series with p = 1, is divergent.
mt
|, vie, the given series is divergent. (Ans.)
5. a) State D’ Alembert’s ratio test. [MODEL QUESTION]
2
Examine the convergence and divergence of the series 142. ae
b) Test the convergence of the following series (any one):
2
1 12 1.2. 123)
Simin oo OE 1a) (123) oa
MATH-CST-25 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS:
©) Stato Leibnite's teat for convergonco of an alternating sorios. Provo that
wotton yy 8), te abaolutely convergent whon | x [<1and conditior
2 4 . 7
Convergent when | \ Jet.
Atewert
#) D'Alombert's Ratio Test:
Most exist finitely
Let Su, be a series of positive numbers such that lim .
"
tiny Man oy
mo,
‘Then the series is Yu, is convergent if F< and divergent if 1 > 1.
When = 1, the test fils, Omitting the first term, Here 1, =—2—
7
+1
7 i Fats
wT tad
2 wt
veto teh = tim Ee ti gy
wee ee nd my 2k
nn
Hence by D' Alembert’s ratio test, the given series is convergent when x<1
divergent when x > 1.
But this test fails when x= i, When x = 1, 4,
6, SV, JOP N= LDprsee
But the series Sy, in convergent. Hence by comparison test the series
convergent, Thus the given series is convergent when x <1.
b) (i) The nth term of the given series is
1
i L
+ 1)3
4, 2A bens (8 +1) 1), so by Comparison
sete given series is convergent,
(i Refer to Question No. 8 of Short Answer Type Questions.
9 The given series is an alternating series and nth term of the series is
4,=(1 and tga = (-1)" — a
ntl
tu, xl on
01} = jim|=—) = lim
u,| [nel x"|
Hence, by D’Alembert’s Ratio test the given series is absolutely convergent if |<.
©. lim]
n+l
©, which is convergent. But the series
and hence, the given series is conditionally convergent when
6 Stato comparison test for convergence of an infinite series: Test the
convergence of the following series: [MODEL QUESTION]
yoy 4
W444... (p>0)-
a aa (p>0)
(er:
MATH-CST-27 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
A 1
Now, Let us consider an auxiliary series whose n® term is v.=——
Deuiye
yon
Xx, and Sv, are convergent or divergent simultaneously.
is convergent for p-I>1 (i.c., p>2), and divergent for p-1 $1 (i.e., pS2)
on
7. a) Show that the sories “°° * ig absolutely convergent. [MODEL QUES
at
Answer:
Series 5° U, is absolutely convergent if XI. | is convergent.
cose
Here uy, = 084
Let us consider the series y, = 1
7
0S | 1
feel = SF
Then, since|cos nx| < 1, [Uy
Therefore|U,| < V, for all n.
Now 5
"
DY, is absolutely convergent.
is convergent. Hence by companion test =v.| is convergent.
b) Examine the convergence of th
; ries [MODEL QUESTIO
" 2! i!
3
Answer:
Let Su, be the given series,
Therefore, u, = ay
nt
Now, lim “=
=~,
So by D’Alemberts’s Ratio test DX, is convergent.
MATH-CST-28 MATHEMATICS -JIl
co
nverges for p>I vrd diverges for p and p>
:
|
mo ont
ae i 1
son Yen is aG.P. with common ratio = 1.
ste is convergent.
| Hence, by comparison test }'v, is also convergent.
ie, zs is convergent for p>1.
a) Find the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function of period
Lisl
2s, f(x)=x,-2sx<[Link] deduce
[MODEL QUESTION]
Aasner:
Clearly fix) satisfies the Dirichlet’s condition for
Fexier expansion 2a, + 3 (a,cosm=+b,sins)
a
MATH-CST-29 POPULAR FUBLIDATIONS
. . Qn!
where a, » t [jue ‘fin *
"i 4
©! fr Ejeord «CY
!
he nnd
FL ain nde
. &.(-1)°
Nhe required Fourier series is Yh, sinny: 10 ASF som
Hvahiating the series atn=0, we now get
b) Find the Fourier series to represent x — x’ from x= ~mtox= rand hence
rag
value of soars D
ahve of = once [MODEL i
Anwers
Clearly f(x) == x? natisty all of the Dirichlet’s conditions for Fourier Expansion
xe, conn tb, nin ne)
where a, « a =x" )de =~
a, : 4 nt
“- Sr x )cosmde al)
ci (x=24)sinnxde « 2(-1)""
nd 4
~mSxs0
10, A
L(x) {ine Osx a! Prove that [MODEL aI
1 2S cos2nx
Wa) L a Eoin soa
Hence show that 4
Answer:
Since f(x) is piecewise continuous and periodic function in (—,.2) and
Fourier series representing f(x) is given by,
MATH-CST-30 B+L (a, cosnr +s, sin nx)
2
=]
1 (ar = |
"3e| nel =n
get [r()sinneds =1 fin esinnrae
*<*£ x
e A
=F Leos(t-n)x-cos(t +m] 20, n>1
When n=l
a-t [sin xoos xd =0
ae 1
wh ein ede =!
k zie xde=s
2g cos2nx
xo dn’ =1
Hence the given Fourier series is + « 4sin x -
x2
‘11. a) Find the Fourier series expansion of the function (MODEL QUESTION)
1 2
= 1
S{x)a] F424+~ £55 <0 sag hence, prove that +
H-2x,0SxSe 1
MATH-CST-31
i POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
Answer: :
Let ©. ¥fa,cosnx + b,sinnx} be the corresponding fourier series.
26°"
sat fi sende=4 f (rrandes for-2 ar |
=i[ler eT, fx-e J] -Le 2 +(2?-2)] <0
[fexrcosne de
ee = L(#-2x))cosne dr [-.f@)=2-2)s| xe [-z,2]]
=2f(e- 22)eosne de = 2| (r- =2) cose
nv lo
2 goanm , 27 _2f 2 .
-2{-10- 2—— a some 37 6212 eRe
=2x 4, when nis odd
mw
=0, when n'is even
6-2] se)sinnede -2L(e-2Is) sinned
=0, [-.(#-2|x\)sin meis an odd function ]
+. Required fourier series is,
4(x):2 Af cose cos3z oss |
T 3 5
Since Fai is continuous in (-,7), therefore
S()= [EEE] for-m (a, 5) if for every €>0,theeis2 S>0
such that f(x, y)- 4 0 and A<0
ii) (a,b) is minimum if AC - B? > 0 and A>0
iii) f AC— B? <0 then f(a,b) is not an extreme value,
iv) If AC ~ B* =0, then no conclusion can be made,
e., (a, b) is.a saddle poin
MATH-CST-36 MATHEMATICS - IIT
Very Short Answer Type Questions
¥2—~ Is a homogeneous function of degree [WBUT 2019]
1 I
- b) -—
a) 2 2 c)1 d)2
Answer (D)
itfor any A, Vxd=0, then 4 will be called as? [WBUT 2022]
‘Answer! Irrotational vector field.
a. f(x.9) = [x] +]. find the value of (0,0)? [WBUT 2022]
Answer: f,(0,0) = 0.
{The partial derivative of |x|-+{y| with respect to x is equal to the derivative of [x] with
respect to x (since y remains constant),
-l if x<0
$0, f,(x.)) = 4 0, if x = 0 irrespective of the value of y.
lif x>0
Hence, f,(0,0) = 0.]
Altuevesx, uve y then 22). [MODEL QUESTION]
Otu,¥)
u
au-v b) wv )uty a)
a
Answer: (a)
BU Y(yy)ext aay? ty? +22, thon Ly vf =3f [MODEL QUESTION]
° ox” ay
a) True b) False
Answer: (b)
6. x=r cosd,y=r sind, then BN) jg [MODEL QUESTION}
1 1
ay-- b) -r ctr d) —
r
5
Answer: (c)
MATH-CST-37 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
7 The timit lim does not oxist {MODEL QUES’
ey
a) True b) False
Answer: (a)
Bf ve reosd, y= rsing, then see [MODEL Qui
e(xy
a)r bt ot d) none of
r
Answer: (c)
Site find the value of ‘n' so that xu, + yu, =nu. [MODEL QUE!
a) 0 b)2 os d) None of
Answer: (b)
(MODEL QUE:
2 dj2
Answer: (b)
a Gu du
14. If u(x, y) = tan (2) then the value of aR is [MODEL QUE:
a)o b) 2u(x,y) ¢) u(x,y) 4) none of
Answer: (a)
y( uray
12. If u(x, ¥) -u(3) then x+y The [MODEL QUE:
a)o b) 2u(x,y) ¢) u(x, y) a2
Answer: (c)
MATH-CST-38 MATHEMATICS - Ill
xey?
ples) is a hom
3. SE) Tey a ogeneous function of degree. [MODEL QUESTION]
ao b)2
ot at
Answer: (D) 2)
z a(x’)
“ns [MODEL QUESTION]
ae b) x’ logy ¢) x’ loge 4) does not exist
Answer: (c)
48. The necessary condition that (a,b) is a
J,(a,6)=0= f,(2.6)
a) maximum b) stationary
point of f(x,y) If
[MODEL QUESTION]
c) saddle int d) mininn
Ameen) ) saddle point ) minimum
16.11 g=x' + y—z, then grad¢ at (1,0, 0) is {MODEL QUESTION]
a) 2-j-k by -jek ey Ue j-k 4) None of these
Answer: (c)
ATM g=3ry-ys [MODEL QUESTION)
a) -16) +12) -9% b) -97 -12] +168
¢) -12/ -9) -16k 6) 127 +16) -98
Answer: (c)
[Link] Fexi + yj + ch then div? is [MODEL QUESTION}
ay b)2 3 d) None of these
Answer: (c)
[Link] Foal +yj+ zk then curl? is equal to [MODEL QUESTION)
ayisjek b) 7 6 a) j
Answer: (c)
20. [Link] normal vector to the surface g=.z at(1.1,1)is [MODEL QUESTION]
a) (i+ J+4)
Answer: (b)
fa). MATH-CST-39
bisiet) 8 Gpli-F+4) ernone ot tnene POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
QW Faria yack and r=|F|, then V'(r’) Is [MODEL QUESTION)
a2 b)3 c)s6 d)6
Answer: (d)
22. The value of», for which the vector F=(x+3y)i¥(y~22)J+ (r+ pe)h ig
solenoidal is (MODEL Quest):
ad b)-4 c)-2 d)2 on
Answer: (c)
23. F=a1 4974 2h, then F is (MODEL QUESTION
a) Solenoidal b) Irrotational ©) Both (a) &(b) ——_d) None of these
Answer: (b)
24. If f =xi +/+ zk and @ is constant vector, then div(F x a)is
- [MODEL QUESTION,
a)o b) 6 On d) None of these
Answer: (a)
25. The directional derivative of g = xyzat (1, 1, 1) in the direction of 7 is
[MODEL QUESTION}
ayo b)1 ' ¢)-1 4d) None of these
Answer: (b)
26. If G=1i +2 and b=j-sk , then £(axs) at ¢=1 is [MODEL QUESTION]
a)-4i+27+k = b) 47427 +k c) -47-27+k d) None of these
Answer: (a)
-3rj , then sa) atr=lis | [MODEL QUESTION]
it
27.1f d=Fi+sjand b
a)4 b)-4 c)-2 d)0
Answer: (b)
: st dF dF
28. If 7 =acosri+bsins j +k, then — La [MODEL QUESTION]
dt dt
c)1 d) None of these
a)o b) 0
Answer: (a)
MATH-CST-40 y
MATIEMA TICS HL
74
oy fyb ye
zo. nesin' => thon sin Ina homogeneous function of degree
way
| [MODEL QUEBTION)
l
"5 aaa “it oh
‘Answer? (a) “
x au
30. If wef(Zs ) thon ve H yoy ot te oqual to [MODEL QUESTION
3 ay a:
by 03 «)0
a)1
‘Answer: (4)
Short Answer oc Questions
[Link] z= +v", whore w=sinxy and v= y", find & and =. [weUT 2022)
ay
Answer:
che zou agers wssinxy and v=y?.
1 He yeos(xy), 2 Se xeos(ey), & 9, Mery.
a Oy
By Chain Rule, we have
pucencre = 2u{ yoos(xy)} + 3v? x0.= 2ysin(xy)cos(xy)
av ax
or, & = ysin(2xy). (Ans)
zou , dz Ov
OH EY = auf xcos(x 4b 30? x2y = 2xsin(apyeos(xy) + 6)”
Gu Oy” Ov ay {xeoscv)} Ly = 2xsin(ay)eos(xy) + 6y
or, 2 = xsin(2xy) + 6y*. (Ans.)
oy
2. Find * of the function (sin y)' —(cosx)’ =0 [weurT 2022)
ix
Answer:
Given (sin y)" —(cosx)’ =O vn @
Let w=(siny)’ and v=(cos3)’.
MATH-CST-41
, > POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
du dy
Then (f) becomes w= v= 0. Oe
nde dy
(i)
mu
, - " Vdu . ao
Now, logu = xlog(siny) => a log(sin y) + x+ alan i ck
a (siny ae
== =(siny)' {lwtsin > |
= log(cos. ot
+ se sinx)
sx
Again, logy = ylog(cosx) a
vde
> & = (cosx)” { log(cos) 2 — ytan +}
Hence from (ii), we get
x dy\ , ay, }-0
(siny)" {latin + 3} (cosx) {taicosn ptanx
Basin y= (cosx)” togi(cosx)} + {(sin 3)" log(sin ») + y(cosx)’ tanx} = 0
= BY ___(cosx)’ log(cos.x) - x(siny)™ on
dx (sin y)‘ log(sin y) + y(cosx)’ tanx”
3. Show that f(x, eZ = for (x, y)#(0,0)
=0 for (x,y) =(0,0).
is not continuous at (0, 0).
Answer:
Let us select the path along x-axis, that is, y=
=0
[MODEL QUESTION]
lim
(M00) 37 y
Now, select the path along y = x.
5 1
lim ae
Gy0.0) x? +y? 2
Therefore the limit does not exist.
Since the Limit, Jim, ; (x, y) does not exist, the function is not continuous at (0.0)
(2,3) -H0, i
ee
+(x, ¥) # (0,0)
4. waroune| FFI) # OY). vatuato f,,(0,0)and f,,(0,0)-
10 (x9) =(0.0)
. [MODEL QUESTION]
MATH-CST-42
aa ~
MATHE! eatig
“answer?
0.0; 4 LOrhs a f,(0,0) _ 1, LED 4,0;
fOr = h
” suosk)= fh
senoretim * fo +h L£(h,0) _ in L(h,0)
ik
0
in Atk h
arte
00g LOLD=LO0 py £00=L00 9 yy P20
From ({) we get
fop(0,0) =tirn LEO £08) =lim*=* = undefined
L0.0+9-500), LOL (y
Ee
Again, f,,(0,0) = lim
f,0.K) = lim LO+ bk fO tim Le pean
na
hk
-0
tek. lim—#—=1
=i mop +k
senor £(0,0) _ in LOO £(,
F,(0,0)= lim
from (ii) we get
(0,k)- F.(0.0) _ a
Fr(0.0) = lim L£O-L00 lim 2° = =lim 35 notdefined
c+ fy(0,0) # fra(0,0)
xy? gu yOu 3 EL QUESTION!
[Link]? yshow that xFh+ Sos sind: [moni 7
x-y
Answer:
ay
want oS or, tan ==
u=tan ey or, tan *y ey
x
Hence, tan u is a homogeneous function of degree :
a
Now by Euler's theorem we have, x2 (tan) y 2 aan u)=1-tanu
MATH-CST-43 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
ou
x2 (tan 1) Sy 2 (ann) = tanu
or,
ou
ou 2. Ou
: sec? u-——+ ysec? w-— = tanw
or, xsec w+ y a
1.
or, oe ce a =sinucosu =—sin2u.
ax? ay sect 2
6. Find ie ewere u=x-2y’, v=2x?-y? and x=rcos6, y=sing.
7,8)
[MODEL QUESTION]
Answer:
Here w=x7-2y? =r?(cos*@—2sin? 0) =r? (1-3sin? 4)
= 2x? y? = 7? (2cos? @—sin? a (2-3sin? 6)
ou a
Now, 2) _\ar 30]_ 2r(1-3sin? @)-6r? sin 8cosO
a(r,0) |a av! |2r(2—3sin? 0)-6r? sin Bcos 8
ar a
=-12r' sin 9cos@[1—3sin? 9-2+3sin® 6]
=12r’ sin @cos 6 = 6r’ sin20.
TIE f(x, y=! *an'(Z y? tan “(} verify f,, =f, [MODEL QUESTION]
Answer:
We have, f(x, y) =x *an"(2 )- Seam ‘()
y
Now f,=2etan(2) x8 ! (=)-» ee
x
MATH-CST-44 MATHEMATICS - Ill
6
So xf) =
Hence, fy = Sy (Proved).
B.A =0" *" find what value of n will make. = = = . [MODEL QUESTION]
rar ar at
Answer:
Given O=1"-e “ (i)
Differentiating partially w.r.t. ‘r’ we get,
66
or
MATH-CST-45
MEE. POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
Diforentiating (OD Wwant 2 we get,
2’ ry ’
08 re ape dL
ante Tapia dy
w me € 1 € (f }
a woe (UY
— 2,00) 00 ,
Since ’ “O on (Given)
+ From (ii) and (iii) we get
Lethe a) ime fr
rae “ [E-3 re Me Dea
r 3
nt or, nes
dt 2
Situs tan*( * thon show that [MODEL QUESTION)
a 2 2
* oe aoe 1 Thelin sin’? u)sin2u,
od
“tan is a homogenous function of degree 2
+. By Euler’s theorem, we can write
+2 ann) +9F(tanay = 2tanw
2 Ou
or, xsec? us yee? ye =2tanu
ox a
Ou
on, 2+ y- 2sinucosu =sin2u oe (1)
Differentiating partially (1) w.r. tox and y respectively we get,
FEB I gat 4
ar ar aa Cos 2u— ++ 2)
Gu au ay On
Sos ttxr Se Kes
a aay eakor + G)
MATH-CST-46 Multiplying (2) by x and (3) by y and then adding we get,
18Uy ayy Oy 2 Pm, Ou | Ou Ou Ou
woe 42x ‘Bray ty a 4X ae *?ay "20082 ae Wy
au ou
on SS Ra e + sin 2u = 2cos usin 2u
ou Ou de
on PFE ta aa vy See [2a 2sin? 4u)~1Jsin2u
eu ou 8
Peay + vored —4sin? 4u)sin2u
10. Find the extroma of f(x, y) =x? +y’~63(x-+y)412xy. [MODEL QUESTION]
Answer:
f=x+y-63(x+y)+12xy
Atthe point ofextrema, 2 35? 6341220
ar
or, tH4y-2150 (1)
ff
S =3y?-63412x=0
y»
or, 4x20 na (2)
(1)-(2) gives us, (#7 -y?)-4(x-y)=0
on (x-y)(x+y-4)=0
«either x-y=0 0 > oxsy
or, x+y-4=0 => x=4-y
Putting x= y in (1) we get,
x?4+4x-21=0
or, x? +7x-3x-2150
or, (x+7)(x-3)=0
a x53
and or, ys3
Putting x =4— yin (2) we get
y+4(4-y)-21=0
or, yy? -4y-5=0
or, y-Syt+y-5=0
o% (y-5)(41)=0
MATH-CST-47
7 POPULAR PUBLICATIONS
or,
and
or y=-l
or, x=5
Therefore, the points to be tested for extrema are (-7,-7), (3,3), (1.5) and (5,-1)
2 2 2
Nowr-2L be r-ZLagy ee Shas
ax oy’ axay
Let us check the points
Point n-s [rr Maxima/Minima
-1,-7 +ve ve Maxima.
33 Hye He Minima
=1.5 =ve = | None
5,-1 =ve 7 [None
11. Find the extrema of the function: f(x, y)=x° +3xy7 -3y" -3x° +4.
[MODEL QUES
Answer:
Let w= x? +3xy? -3y? -3x7 +4
At the points of extrema, = 33? +3y? —6x = Oand Boon 6 =0
x
We can rewrite these equations as,
x+y? -2x=0 1)
yx-1)=0
From (2) either y= 0 or,
If y= 0 from (1)
Ifx= 1 from (1) y* =1
That is y= 1 ory=-I
The points to be tested for extrema are, (0, 0), (1, 1), (1, -1), (2, 0)
2, 2
Now, r= SF = 6x-6,1 a
certs? =(6x-6)' -(6y) =36(x-1)° -36y?
Now let us check the points.
Point nas? r | Maxima/minima |
0,0 tye -ve | Maxima
Lt ‘None
in ‘None
2, He He
3? +x* has neither m:
[MODEL QUES’
42. Prove that the function f(x,y)=x" -20+¥"
nor minima at the origin.
MATH-CST-48
