AL8863

60V BUCK LED CONTROLLER WITH FAULT FLAG

Description Pin Assignments

The AL8863 is a step-down DC/DC controller designed to drive LEDs
with high output current. The device operates at an input supply (Top View)
voltage from 4.5V to 60V. Series connection of the LEDs provides
identical LED currents resulting in uniform brightness and eliminating OSP 1 8 CSN
the need for ballast resistors. The switching frequency range of
DIM 2 7 FAULT
AL8863 is from 50kHz to 1MHz. The wide operating frequency range EP
allows more flexibility on component selection, and also with NTC 3 6 VIN
operating up to 1MHz, it allows the use of smaller size external
NEW PRODUCT

GND 4 5 DRV
components, hence minimizing the PCB size and driver board.

SO-8EP
The output current of AL8863 is set via an external resistor connected
between the VIN and CSN input pins. Dimming is achieved by
applying a PWM signal at the DIM input pin. The soft-start time can Applications
be adjusted using an external capacitor from the DIM pin to ground.  Commercial & Industrial Lighting
 Architecture Lighting
The AL8863 is available in the thermally enhanced SO-8EP package.  External LED Drivers and Smart Lighting

Features
 Wide Input Voltage Range: 4.5V to 60V
 Operating Frequency Range: 50kHz to 1MHz
 1000:1 PWM Dimming Resolution at 100Hz
 Single Pin for On/Off and Brightness Control by PWM Signal
 Fault Status Indication for Abnormal Operation
 LED Shorted Protection
 Inherent Open-Circuit LED Protection
 Programmable Thermal Fold-Back Operation Through NTC Pin
 Over Temperature Shutdown
 Thermally Enhanced SO-8EP Package
 Totally Lead-Free & Fully RoHS Compliant (Notes 1 & 2)
 Halogen and Antimony Free. “Green” Device (Note 3)

Notes: 1. No purposely added lead. Fully EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS), 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2) & 2015/863/EU (RoHS 3) compliant.
2. See [Link] for more information about Diodes Incorporated’s definitions of Halogen- and Antimony-free, "Green" and
Lead-free.
3. Halogen- and Antimony-free "Green” products are defined as those which contain <900ppm bromine, <900ppm chlorine (<1500ppm total Br + Cl) and
<1000ppm antimony compounds.

AL8863 1 of 13 August 2019

Document number: DS42198 Rev. 1 - 2 [Link] © Diodes Incorporated
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Typical Applications Circuit

VIN

R1
R3
VIN

DIM CSN D1
R4

OSP
NTC
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AL8863 L1
C1
GND FAULT
R2
DRV Q1
EP

Pin Descriptions

Pin Number Pin Name Function

1 OSP Output Shorted Protection
Multi-function On/Off and brightness control pin:
 Leave floating for normal operation
 Drive to voltage below 0.3V to turn off output current
2 DIM  Drive with an analog voltage >2.6V, output current will be 100% of IOUT_NOM
 A PWM signal (Low level <0.3V, High level >2.6V, transition time less than 1µs) allows the output
current to be adjusted over a wide range up to 100%
 Connect a capacitor from this pin to ground to increase soft-start time
3 NTC Connect a NTC resistor to GND to set thermal fold-back break point
4 GND Ground
5 DRV Gate Driver
Input voltage (4.5V to 60V). Decouple to ground with 10μF or higher X7R ceramic capacitor close to
6 VIN
device.
7 FAULT Fault Report Pin. Asserted Low to report faulty conditions. Needs an external pull-up resistor.
Current sense negative input. Connect current sense resistor from VIN to CSN for high-side current
8 CSN
sense control
Exposed pad. Connect to GND and thermal mass for enhanced thermal impedance. Should not be used
9 EP
as electrical ground conduction path.

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Functional Block Diagram

VIN CSN OSP FAULT

6 8 1 7

OTP OSP FAULT

REGULATOR CURRENT
LOGIC OPEN
MONITOR
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BANGAP

NTC
3 THERMAL Σ _
LOGIC GATE 5
DRV
CONTROL CONTROL DRIVER
Vref
+

2
DIM PWM

GND

Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 4)

Symbol Parameter Rating Unit

VIN Input Voltage -0.3 to +65 V
VCSN, VFAULT, VOSP CSN, FAULT, OSP Pin Voltage -0.3 to +65 V
VDRV DRV Pin Voltage -0.3 to +20 V
VDIM, VNTC DIM, NTC Pin Voltage -0.3 to +5.5 V
TJ Operating Junction Temperature -40 to +150 °C
TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 to +165 °C
Note: 4. Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” can cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and
functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under “Recommended Operating Conditions” is not implied.
Exposure to “Absolute Maximum Ratings” for extended periods can affect device reliability.

ESD Ratings

Symbol Parameter Rating Unit

Human-Body Model (HBM) 2000
VESD V
Charged-Device Model (CDM) 750

Recommended Operating Conditions

Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit

VIN Input Voltage 4.5 60 V
fSW Operating Frequency 50 1000 kHz
TA Operating Ambient Temperature -40 +125 °C

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Thermal Information (Note 5)

Symbol Parameter Rating Unit

θJA Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance 56 °C/W
θJC Junction-to-Case(Top) Thermal Resistance 6 °C/W
Note: 5. Device mounted on 2"*2" FR-4 substrate PC board, 2oz copper, with minimum recommended pad on top layer and thermal vias to bottom layer ground plane.

Electrical Characteristics (TA = +25°C, VIN = 12V, unless otherwise specified.)

NEW PRODUCT

Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit

INPUT VOLTAGE (VIN)
VIN Input Voltage — 4.5 — 60 V
UVLO VIN UVLO Rising Threshold — — 4.3 — V
UVLO_HYS VIN UVLO Hysteresis — — 150 — mV
IQ Quiescent Current DIM pin floating — 600 — µA
CURRENT REGULATION (VIN, CSN)
Measured on CSN Pin with
VSENSE Mean Current Sense Threshold Voltage 95 100 105 mV
Respect to VIN
VSENSE_HYS Sense Threshold Hysteresis — — 13 — mV
ICSN CSN Pin Input Current VCSN = VIN - 0.1 — 16 — µA
GATE DRIVER (DRV)
VGATE_HIGH Gate Driver Output Voltage High VIN = 12V, Sourcing 20mA 9 — — V
VGATE_LOW Gate Driver Output Voltage Low VIN = 12V, Sinking 20mA — — 0.5 V
VGATE_CLAMP Gate Driver Clamp Voltage VIN = 18V, Sourcing 20mA — — 15 V
tRISE Gate Driver Rising Time VIN = 13V, C = 10nF — 100 — ns
tFALL Gate Driver Falling Time VIN = 13V, C = 10nF — 60 — ns
RGH Gate Driver High Side Resistance IDRV = -20mA — 5.7 — Ω
RGL Gate Driver Low Side Resistance IDRV = 20mA — 2.2 — Ω
PWM DIMMING (DIM)
Recommended PWM Dimming
fPWM — 0.1 — 20 kHz
Frequency
VDIM_HIGH DIM Logic High Level — 2.6 — 5.5 V

VDIM_LOW DIM Logic Low Level — — — 0.3 V

SWITHCING OPERATION
Recommended Maximum Switching
fSW_MAX — — — 1 MHz
Frequency
Recommended Minimum Switch ON
tON_REC For 4% Accuracy — 500 — ns
Time
tPD Internal Comparator Propagation Delay — — 100 — ns
OUTPUT SHORTED PROTECTION (CSN, OSP)
V(CSN-OSP) Output Short Threshold Voltage — — 1 — V
tD Delay Time for Fault Detection — — 23 — ms
FAULT FLAG (FAULT)
VFAULT_LOW FAULT Output Low Voltage IFAULT = 1mA — — 700 mV
THERMAL FOLD-BACK (NTC)
VNTC_HIGH NTC Upper Threshold Voltage Thermal fold-back starts — 1.3 — V
VNTC_LOWER NTC Lower Threshold Voltage Thermal fold-back stops — 1 — V
IBIAS NTC Internal Bias Current — 95 100 105 µA
THERMAL SHUTDOWN
TTSD Thermal Shutdown Threshold — — +165 — °C
TTSD_HYS Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis — — +30 — °C

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Typical Performance Characteristics (TA = +25°C, VIN = 12V, unless otherwise noted).

Quiescent Current vs. Input Voltage Quiescent Current vs. Temperature

540 580
530 570
560
520 550
510 540
530
Quiescent Current (A)

500

Quiescent Current (A)

520
490 510
480 500
490
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470
480
460 470
450 460
440 450
440
430
430
420 420
410 410
400
400
390
390 380
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
o
Input Voltage (V) Temperature ( C)

Sense Threshold Voltage vs. Input voltage Sense Threshold Voltage vs. Temperature

120 120

115 115

110 110
Sense Threshold Voltage (mV)
Sense Threshold Voltage (mV)

105 105

100 100
95 95
90 90
85 85
80 80
75
VTH_H VTH_H
75
VTH_mean VTH_mean
70 70
VTH_L VTH_L
65 65
60 60
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
o
Input Voltage (V) Temperature ( C)

NTC Bias Current vs. Input Voltage NTC Bias Current vs. Temperature

110 110

105
105
100

100 95
NTC Bias Current (A)

NTC Bias Current (A)

90
95
85
90 80

75
85
70
80 65

60
75
55
70 50
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
Input Voltage (V) Temperature ( C)
o

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Typical Performance Characteristics (continued) (TA = +25°C, VIN = 12V, unless otherwise noted).

Output Short Threshold Voltage vs. Input Voltage Output Short Threshold Voltage vs. Temperature

1.20 1.20
1.15 1.15
Output Short Threshold Voltage (V)

Output Short Threshold Voltage (V)

1.10 1.10
1.05 1.05
1.00 1.00
0.95 0.95
0.90 0.90
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0.85 0.85
0.80 0.80
0.75 0.75
0.70 0.70
0.65 0.65
0.60 0.60
0.55 0.55
0.50 0.50
3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130
o
Input Voltage (V) Temperature ( C)

PWM Dimming (VIN = 40V, 6LEDs, 47μH, RS = 0.033Ω) Thermal Fold-Back (VIN = 40V, 6LEDs, 47μH, RS = 0.033Ω)
Output Current vs. Duty Cycle Output Current vs. NTC Pin Voltage

3.0 3.2
2.8 3.0
2.6 2.8
2.4 2.6
2.2 2.4
Output Current (A)

Output Current (A)

2.0 2.2
1.8
2.0
1.6
1.8
1.4 47H, fsw=245kHz
1.6
1.2 fPWM=100Hz
1.4
1.0 fPWM=500Hz
1.2
0.8 fPWM=1kHz
1.0
0.6
fPWM=10kHz 0.8
0.4
0.2 0.6

0.0 0.4
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0.80 0.85 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 1.20 1.25 1.30 1.35 1.40
Duty Cycle (%) NTC Pin Voltage (V)

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Application Information
The AL8863 is a hysteretic mode step-down LED controller and is available in thermal enhanced SO-8EP package.

AL8863 Operation
In normal operation, when normal input voltage is applied at VIN, the DRV outputs high and output switch Q1 is turned on. Current starts to flow
through sense resistor R1, LEDs, inductor L1 and output switch Q1. The current ramps up linearly, and the ramp-up rate is determined by the
input voltage VIN, VOUT and the inductor L1.

This rising current produces a voltage ramp across R1. The internal circuit of the AL8863 senses the voltage across R1 and applies a proportional
voltage to the input of the internal comparator. When this voltage reaches an internally set upper threshold, the DRV outputs low and output switch
NEW PRODUCT

Q1 is turned off. The inductor current continues to flow through R1, LEDs, L1 and diode D1, and back to the supply rail, but it decays, with the rate
determined by the forward voltage drop of LEDs and the diode D1.

This decaying current produces a falling voltage on R1, which is sensed by the AL8863. A voltage proportional to the sense voltage across R1 will
be applied at the input of internal comparator. When this voltage falls to the internally set lower threshold, the DRV outputs high and output switch
Q1 is turned on again.

This switch-on-and-off cycle continues to provide the average LED current set by the sense resistor R1.

LED Current Configuration

The nominal average output current in the LED(s) is determined by the value of the external current sense resistor (RSET) connected between VIN
pin and CSN pin, according to:
0.1
IOUT  NOM  
R SET
The table below gives values of nominal average output current for several preferred values of current setting resistor (R SET) in the Typical
Application Circuit shown on page 2.

RSET (Ω) Nominal Average Output Current (mA)

0.1 1000
0.033 3000
0.02 5000

The above values assume that the DIM pin is floating and at a nominal reference voltage for internal comparator.

PWM Dimming
LED current can be adjusted digitally, by applying a low frequency pulse-width-modulated (PWM) logic signal to the DIM pin to turn the device on
and off. This will produce an average output current proportional to the duty cycle of the PWM signal. To achieve a high resolution, the PWM
frequency is recommended to be lower than 500Hz, however higher dimming frequencies can be used, at the expense of dimming dynamic range
and accuracy. Typically, for a PWM frequency of 500Hz the accuracy is better than 1% for PWM ranging from 1% to 100%.

The accuracy of the low duty cycle dimming is affected by both the PWM frequency and also the switching frequency of the AL8863. For best
accuracy/resolution the switching frequency should be increased while the PWM frequency should be reduced.

The DIM pin is designed to be driven by both 3.3V and 5V logic levels directly from a logic output with either an open drain output or push pull
output stage.

Soft Start
The AL8863 does not have in-built soft-start action – this provides very fast turn on of the output, improving PWM dimming accuracy.

Nevertheless, adding an external capacitor from the DIM pin to ground will provide a soft-start delay. This is achieved by increasing the time for
the DIM voltage rising to the turn-on threshold and by slowing down the rising rate of the control voltage at the input of hysteresis comparator. The
additional soft start time is related to the capacitance between DIM and GND, and the typical value will be approximately 0.06ms/nF.

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Application Information (continued)

LED Open-Circuit Protection
The AL8863 has by default open LED protection. If the LEDs should become open circuit, the resulted voltage drop on sensing resistor is nearly
zero and the DRV pin output will be constantly high, leading to output voltage VOUT equals VIN. No excessive voltages will be seen by the
AL8863 and external components. If open circuit condition lasts for continuous 416µs, FAULT goes low. Once open circuit condition is removed,
the AL8863 resumes normal operation and FAULT resumes high.

For PWM dimming operation, ensure at least one switching cycle during each PWM cycle to make FAULT detection correct. FAULT goes low after
open circuit condition lasts for accumulated 416µs during on time of PWM cycles.
NEW PRODUCT

LED Short-Circuit Protection

If the LED string should become shorted together (the anode of the top LED becomes shorted to the cathode of the bottom LED), the AL8863 will
continue to switch and the output current will still be at the regulated current - so no damages will be caused within the AL8863 and external
components. However, the duty cycle at which it operates will change dramatically and the switching frequency will most likely decrease.

The AL8863 includes a dedicated OSP pin, used in combination with CSN pin for LED short circuit fault detection. A resistor divider is set up
between CSN node (the anode of LED string) to the cathode of LED string, and the CSN pin and OSP pin senses output voltage. When the
differential voltage between CSN and OSP is continuously below 1V for 23ms, FAULT goes low. Once short circuit condition is removed, the
AL8863 resumes normal operation and FAULT resumes high.

For PWM dimming operation, ensure at least one switching cycle during each PWM cycle to make FAULT detection correct. FAULT goes low
when the differential voltage between CSN and OSP is continuously below 1V for 23ms.

Over-Temperature Protection
The AL8863 includes Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) circuitry to protect the device from excessive heat damage. When the junction
temperature exceeds approximately +165°C, the AL8863 is forced to shutdown and FAULT goes low. Once the junction temperature cools down
by approximately +40°C, the AL8863 automatically restarts and FAULT resumes high.

Thermal Fold-Back Operation

The AL8863 includes a programmable thermal fold-back feature to reduce power dissipation at high ambient temperature. An external NTC
thermistor can be connected from NTC pin to GND as shown below. The NTC bias current is 100µA, flowing across the NTC thermistor and
generating a voltage on the NTC pin. The AL8863 monitors the voltage on the NTC pin and reduces output current if the voltage on this pin falls
below 1.3V. The value of NTC thermistor can be adjusted to set the voltage on the NTC pin to 1.3V at the required temperature threshold Tbreak.
The output current is gradually reduced to 35% of its nominal value until the voltage on the NTC pin falls below 1V if the temperature continues to
rise.

Iout(%)

Iref 100%

CLAMP

NTC
+
LOGIC
EA
CONTROL
- Vref
NTC 35%

Tbreak Tclamp OTP T(deg C)

Fault Indicator (FAULT)

The AL8863 includes an active low, open-drain Fault indicator (FAULT). The FAULT pin goes low when one of the following conditions occurs:
(1) Open circuit across the LED string
(2) Short circuit across the LED string
(3) Over-temperature condition

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Application Information (continued)

The following table summarizes the device behavior under fault condition.

FAULT Detection Action

When open circuit occurs, the resulted voltage drop on sensing resistor is
nearly zero and the DRV pin output will be constantly high, leading to output
voltage VOUT equals VIN. No excessive voltages will be seen by the AL8863
and external components.
DRV high lasts for If open circuit condition lasts for accumulated 416µs, FAULT goes low. The
Open-circuit across LED string
accumulated 416µs AL8863 resumes normal operation and FAULT resumes high once fault
condition is removed.
NEW PRODUCT

Note: for PWM dimming operation, ensure at least one switching cycle during each PWM
cycle to make FAULT detection correct.
When short circuit occurs, the AL8863 will continue to switch and the output
current will still be at the regulated current, no damages will be caused. The
duty cycle at which it operates will change dramatically and the switching
frequency will most likely decrease.
V(CSN-OSP) < 1V lasts for If V(CSN-OSP) < 1V lasts for continuous 23ms, FAULT goes low. The AL8863
Short-circuit across LED string
23ms resumes normal operation and FAULT resumes high once fault condition is
removed.

Note: for PWM dimming operation, ensure at least one switching cycle during each PWM
cycle to make FAULT detection correct.
When the junction temperature exceeds approximately +165°C, the AL8863
Over-temperature condition TJ > +165°C is forced to shutdown and FAULT goes low. A start up sequence is initiated
and FAULT resumes high when the junction temperature drops by +40°C.

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 AL8863

Ordering Information

AL8863 X - X

Product Name Package Packing

SP : SO-8EP 13 : 13'' Tape & Reel
NEW PRODUCT

Tape and Reel

Part Number Package Code Package
Quantity Part Number Suffix

AL8863SP-13 SP SO-8EP 2500/Tape & Reel -13

Marking Information

(Top View)

8 7 6 5
Logo YY : Year : 15, 16, 17~
Marking ID AL8863 WW : Week : 01~52; 52
represents 52 and 53 week
YY WW X X E X X : Internal Code
E : SO-8EP

1 2 3 4

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Package Outline Dimensions (All dimensions in mm.)

(1) Package Type: SO-8EP

3.800(0.150)
4.000(0.157)
2.110(0.083)
2.710(0.107)
NEW PRODUCT

2.750(0.108)
3.402(0.134)

1.270(0.050) 4.700(0.185)
TYP 5.100(0.201)

0.300(0.012)
0.510(0.020)
0.050(0.002)
5.800(0.228) 0.150(0.006)
6.200(0.244) 1.350(0.053)
1.550(0.061)

0°
8° 0.400(0.016)
1.270(0.050)

0.150(0.006)
0.250(0.010)

Note: Eject hole, oriented hole and mold mark is optional.

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 AL8863

Suggested Pad Layout

(1) Package Type: SO-8EP

NEW PRODUCT

Y1
G Z

X1

E X

Z G X Y X1 Y1 E
Dimensions
(mm)/(inch) (mm)/(inch) (mm)/(inch) (mm)/(inch) (mm)/(inch) (mm)/(inch) (mm)/(inch)
Value 6.900/0.272 3.900/0.154 0.650/0.026 1.500/0.059 3.600/0.142 2.700/0.106 1.270/0.050

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IMPORTANT NOTICE

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INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
(AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION).

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NEW PRODUCT

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Copyright © 2019, Diodes Incorporated

[Link]

AL8863 13 of 13 August 2019

Document number: DS42198 Rev. 1 - 2 [Link] © Diodes Incorporated