"QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS > Carbon and hydrogen are detected by heating the compound with cupric oxide (cuo) > Carbon present inthe compound is oxidized to carbon dioxide, which turns lime water mith. > Hydrogen present in the compound is converted in to water, which turns anhydrous copper sulphate into be. H, © cu0—+ cu+ 1,0 Ay QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS oko Exon a cou f eae many 8, aes Ho 2% cuss diseth Blue vikiol Lassaigne’s Extract Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens and phosphorus present in an organic compound are detected by Lassaigne's test. During preparation of sodium fusion extract covalent compound is converted into ionic compound The following reactions takes place Na+ C+N—>Nacy 2Na +S— NaS 2Na + x9 2NaK (X (X= h,.Bror) unt pt 4yo—> NAPA, ‘TEST FOR NITROGEN 1. Sodium fusion extract is boiled with freshly prepared ferrous sulphate (eS0,) solution and then acidified with concentrated sulphuric ack 2. The formation of Prussian blue colour confirms the presence of nitrogen. 2NACN + FeS0,—+ F(R), © Na,S0, Fe(GNf, + ANaCN—> Na,IFe(CN),] sodium hexacyano ferrae (I)(On heating with concentrated sulphuric acid some Iron (Il) fons are idized to Iron (It) ion, which reacts with sodium hexacyano ferrate I) to produce Iron (Ilf} hexacyanoferrate (I) (ferric ferrocyanide) ‘Which is Prussian blue in colour 3Na,IFe{CN)} + 2Fe(S0,),—» Fe Fe(CN), ls + ASO, > ‘This test fails in case of diazo compounds Me = ‘TEST FOR NITROGEN Nacn+Fesq—> NayChtew)g] + ore Fes, BIS Fe(oqy, | fern], Prunion's blue “TEST FOR SULPHUR _ > Sodium fusion extract is acidified with acetic acd and lead acetate is aided to ita Back precipitate oflead sulphides formed, which indicates bresence of sap "NaS +(CH,€00),Pb—+ PBSL + 2CH1,COONa/~ Sodium fusion extract la treated with freshly prepared sodium tatroprusige ompenrance ef tlt estou (nerple adcates presence of Sulphur Na,S + Na,[Fe(CN),NO]—» NafFe(CN),Nos)_//- SSE TEST FOR SULPHUR Nas (ogeseypb'—> pest Blex no] —> Na, [Fetem,nos] vide; INO eG 9G, 2Ne seen son ced nt with ees of stm Se acest ‘compost ad Gani fd Sie, ns teyates Nas ctents = Nase fa (Fae) ov Rent? Bled oe (FB Geayf! ‘TEST FOR HALOGENS > Sodium fusion extract is acidified with nitric acid and then treated with ‘llver nitrate solution. (, White precipitate, soluble in ammonium hydroxide indicates presence of chlorine. Nacl+ AgNO, —+ agclt + NaNO, we ot ‘AgCl+ 2NH,OH—> [Ag(NH,),ICl +2H,0 (ehtlecompe) ty (4) Yellowish precipitate, sparingly soluble in ammonium hydroxide Indicates presence ofbromine. Nalir + AgNO,—> Agtirl + NaNO, (i Yellow precipitate, insoluble in ammonium hydroxide indi presence of Iodine. Nal +AgNO,— Agld + NaNO, “TEST FOR HALOGENS Noor vans Wrleyden fam, Pariay elie 4 way]ar Nitrogen and Sulphur are aso presenti he compound, the sodlum Aisles atroc lo balled wit concentrated alee sid decompese doulas eyelet sie case Ines darogLeomtomes oe Src wet ir loge Sacro He as «INO,» 2NaNO, st pS ae rape |S ee precipitates of AgCN and Ag,S are formed respectively with silver Chhrate setation. ~narcrn nace AMS Age Nees ngs AS Al Nacrs Hs Kew? er Nqs 2 nse BEUSTEINSTEST ® 1. Acopper wire flattened at one end is heated in an oxidizing flame of Bunsen burner. ‘The heating is continued till it does not impart blue colour flame. The hot end of copper wire is now touched with the organic substance and is once again kept in flame, the appearance of green or blue colour indicates the presence of halogens in the ‘organic compound ty LIMITATIONS > Substances such as urea, thio-urea do not contain halogen but gives thistest. > Itdoes not tells which halogens present in organic compound, TEST FOR Phosphorus Japa, HT 5 thea, > Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen: = Carbon and hydrogen are estimated by Licbig's combustion method. Letigs cont 0.c co Ko ie Wp A Fee 2x x00) Womomen) Spas > Carius Method Ager asst ‘E Toe Be Poll I= 7 x ne Bs eee eerie a ESTIMATION OF PHOSPHORUS (mH ray Pee Tez a1) Px imo Estimation of Nitrogen: = Nitrogen present in organic compound is estimated by (2) Dumas Method Se iO) Kjeldaht's Method va a _DUMAS METHOD - ‘A weighed amount of organic compound is heated with cupric oxide in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide CCarbon and hydrogen present in the compound are oxidized to CO, and 10, while Nl set free. ‘The mixture of gases produced is collected over caustic potash solution (KOH solution) which absorbs CO, [Nitrogen is collected inthe upper part of nitrogen meter.Be tdar too mm Vy Volume ak STP F=Faagine o} awisl f= a4 Tend ion Ve leme 6 Or py — any BRE KJELDAHL’S METHOD in this method nitrogen present in the organic compound is converted in to ammonia (NH) > Kjeldah's method is not applicable to compounds containing nitro NO,}, Nitroso (NO), az0 group (-N = N-), azoxy compound a ( aegis rcs nage pes tee rman tt genta comers mono spate a Denes eae ce coda ty @sy ey (oy (2) GH,-N=N= Cll, No, ° a ty ‘@_ The transformation occurring in Dumas method ie given Blow ays ( 24+ Boo 900,105 2n, 2462)The mur of moles Of Gi, that wll be willed To Damas method fr] estimation nitrogen na sample of 575 OF, Nedimethylaminopestane i 12S 10 (Nearest integer IE Maing 2021 CoH IN f 22-5 wo — wn a 1 Heh a ol Tn Garius method for eximation of halogens, 3g ofan organic compound] ‘ave 0.188 g of AgBr The percentage of bromine inthe compound is (Nearestinteger) | [atomic mass: VEE Mains, 2021 Pox 22 0188 yi06 2 —_u, ‘© In the sulphur estimation, 0471 g ofan organic compound gave L.44 of barium sulphate, The percentage of sulphurin the compound is 9, (Nearest integer) (Atomic Mass of Ba = 1374) DEE Mains, 202 (ofan organic compound was analyzed using Carius method or Estimation of bromine, 0.2397 g of AgBe was obtained. The percentage of bromine inthe organic eBimpound s___ (Nearest integer) [atomic mas: Ser = 108, Bromine = 80] [JEE Mains 2021 hare 8 y OMT yi99 Tae” orsTO8 g of an organic compound was analysed by KjeldahTs method for the ‘estimation of nitrogen. I the percentage of nitrogen in the compound was found to be 42%, then mi. of 1M H,S0, would have been neutralized by the ammonia evolved during the anaaie. [JEE Mains, 2021 ‘@_ An organic compound is subjected wo chlorination to get compound A using 50 gf chlorine. When Og of compound Ais reacted with AgNO [Canis Method], the percentage of chlorine in compound A is when it forms 0.3849 ‘eof ACI (Round off tothe Nearest Integer) = (Atomic masses of Ag and Care 107.87 and 35.5 respectively) LEE Mains, 2021 Aas 355, ‘Which one of the folowing set of elements can be detected sing Sodium fusion extract? [BE Ma Salar Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Halogen» ~ Phosphorous, Oxygen. Nitrogen, Halogens [Nitrogen Phosphorous Carbon, Sulfur Halogens, Nirogen, Oxygen, Sulfur ‘While estimating the nitrogen present in am organic compound by Kjeldahl] method, the ammonia evolved from 0.25 g of the compound neutralized 25 in of MSO, The percentage of open present in organ compound ‘Gn Carhus method of estimation of halogen. 45 g ofan organic compound ‘save 0.36 of Agr. Find out the percentage of bromine inte compound, (Molar masses: Agtir= 188 gmo'" Br=80 gmat) (IEE Mains 2022), 9g 404m / 43S r ea 40.04% e 36.03%‘@ A sample of 0.125 g of an organic compound when analysed by Duma's method yields 22.78 mi of nitrogen gas collected over KOH solution at 260K and 759 mm Hg. The percentage of nitrogen in the given organic compound Is (Nearest e987. acon (a) The vapour pressure of water at 280 Kis 14.2 mm Hg () R= 0082 Latm K!mol* JEE Mains, 2022} (59-12) xr248 760%, 280 a © 02 g ofan anganic compound was subjected to estimation of nitogen by Dumas method in which volume of Ny evolved (at STP) was found to be 22.400 ml. The percentage of nitrogen inthe compo is 144 [nearest integer] (Given: Molar mass of N28 mot Molar volume of N, at STP : 224) IEE Mains, 2022] Derrerey (© Given below are wo statements Statement I In ‘Lassaigne’s Tet, when both nitrogen and sulphur are present in an organi compound, sodium thiocyanate isformed. ‘Statement Il: If both nitrogen and sulphur are present in an organic ‘compound, then the exces of sodium used in sodium fusion wil decompose the sodium thiocyanate formed to give NaCN and NaS. In the light of te above statements, choose the mast appropriate answer from the options given below: TEE Mains 2022 Both Statement and Statement I are correct. ee 44g, Statements incorrect but Statement lis correct. AN ‘@_025 g of an organic compound containing chlorine gave O40 @ of siver chloride in Carus estimation. The percentage of chlorine present inthe compound is. [im nearest integer] (Given: Molar mass of Agis 108 g mol and thatof Cis 35.5 g mol) IRE Main 7 O= 25S x O40 yI09 v5 Ons Tn the estimation of bromine, O5 g ofan organie compound gave 040 g a silver bromide. The percentage of bromine inthe given compound is % (nearest integer) (fetauve atomic masses of Ag and fr are 108 and BD, respectively) VEE Mains, 2022 f r= LO_y C4 yI99 Te 0-5@_02 g ofan organic compound was subjected to extimation of nitrogen by Dumas method in which volume of N, evolved (at STP) was found to be 22.400 mi The percentage of nitrogen inthe compat is 144. nearest integer} (Given: Molar mass of Nis 28 mot" Molar volume of N, at STP: 224.) LIBE Mains, 2022] We aoe ye a Given below are tro atements Statement I: In Lassaign’s Test, when both nitrogen and sulphur are present in an organi compound, soda thiocyanate formed ‘Statement Il: If both nitrogen and sulphur are present in an organic ‘compound, then the exces of som used in sodium fusion will decompose the sodium thiocyanate formed to give NACN and NaS In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given IEE Mains, Ebon satemene and eatemen are incorrect a ee ete 4G soemenetisncorecrbut statements cre ‘© 025 g of an organic compound containing chlorine gave OA0 @ of ser cllorde in Carus estimation. The percentage of chlorine present in the compen i. [imnearest integer] (Given: Molar mast of Agis 108 got and that of Cs 35.5 g mol) TE Mains 2022) J = 3S x OY 100 35 O25 Th the estimation of bromine, 05 @ of an organic compound gave 040 # a silver bromide. The percentage of bromine inthe given compound is % | (wearest integer) (Relave atomic masses of Ag and Br are 108u and BD, respectively) TEE Mains, 20 ‘@ Kjeldahi's method was used for the estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound. The ammonia evelved from 0.55 g ofthe compound neutralized 125 ml of LMH,SO, solution. The percentage of nitrogen inthe compound| est integer)