HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL
HAZARDS
BY:
ZANDRA G. LABIANO
RODELYN P. SALCEDO
Introduction
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS are processes or phenomena
of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanic nature that may cause loss of
life, injury or other health impacts, property damages, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and economic disruptions or even
environmental damages.
Potential Hydrometeorological
Hazards
The following are the most common Hydrometeorological
Hazards as defined by The National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA):
CYCLONE FLOOD
TYPHOON STORM SURGE
THUNDERSTORM El NIÑO
TORNADO LA NIÑA
FLASH FLOOD
CYCLONE
IS AN INTENSE LOW PRESSURE SYSTEM
WHICH IS CHARACTERIZED BY STRONG
SPIRAL WINDS TOWARDS THE CENTER,
CALLED THE “ EYE” IN COUNTER –
CLOCKWISE FLOW IN THE NORTHERN
HEMISPHERE.
HAZARDS DUE TO TROPICAL CYCLONES
ARE STRONG WINDS WITH HEAVY
RAINFALL THAT CAN CAUSE
WIDESPREAD FLOODING/ FLASH
FLOODS, STORM SURGES, LAND SLIDS
AND MUD FLOW
CLASSIFICATION OF CYCLONE
1 TROPHICAL DEPRESSION
2 TROPHICAL STORM
3 TYPHOON
TYPHOON
A TYPHOON is a large, powerful and
violent tropical cyclone. It is a low
pressure area rotating
counterclockwise and containing
raising warm air that forms over warm
water in the west Pacific Ocean.
A Typhoon is also called “
HURRICANE”
THUNDERSTORM
Is a weather condition that produces
lightning and thunder, heavy rainfall
from cumulonimbus clouds and
possibly a tornado. It is a violent
local atmospheric disturbance
accompanied by lightning, thunder
and heavy rain and often by strong
gusts of wind. And sometimes by
hail.
TORNADO
Is describe as a violently rotating
column of air extending from a
thunderstorm to the ground.
Tornadoes came in many sizes
but are typically in the form of
visible condensation funnel
whose narrow end touches the
earth and its often encircled by a
cloud of debris.
FLASH FLOOD
It is a rapid flooding of
geomorphic low-lying areas
like washes, rivers, dry lakes,
and basins. It may cause by
heavy rain associated with
severe thunderstorm,
hurricane, and tropical storm.
FLOOD
Is the inundation of land areas which
are not normally covered by water. It
is also caused of temporary rise or
the overflowing of rivers, stream, or
other water course, inundating
adjacent lands or flood plains.
Floods are hydrological phenomena
and they are also caused by storm
surges, and tsunami along coastal
areas.
STORM SURGE
Is a rise of seawater
above normal sea level
on the coast, generated
by the action of weather
elements, such as
cyclonic wind and
atmospheric pressure.
El NIÑO
Is a natural climate phenomenon
marked by warmer-than-average
sea surface temperatures in the
central and eastern Pacific
Ocean near the equator, which
occurs on average every 2-7
years. El Nino's impacts on the
climate extend far beyond the
Pacific Ocean.
LA NIÑA
Is a climate pattern that
describes the cooling of
surface-ocean waters along
the tropical west coast of
South America. La Niña is
considered to be the
counterpart to El Niño, which is
characterized by unusually
warm ocean temperatures in
the equatorial region of the
Pacific Ocean.
TOOLS IN TRACKING THE STORM
SATELLITE DOPPLER RADAR
Signs of Impending Typhoon or
Hurricane
the following is a general sequence of events that could occur during the development of a
Category 2 typhoon/hurricane approaching a coastal area(Herald Tribune,2011):
● 96 hours before landfall
● 72 hours before landfall
● 48 hours before landfall
● 36 hours before landfall
● 24 hours before landfall
● 18 hours before landfall
● 12 hours before landfall
● 6 hours before landfall
● 1 hours before landfall
Satellite- is the most advance technology used in
monitoring a cyclone or typhoon. It can visualize
exactly in real time the formation and the path of
a cyclone.
Dopple RADAR
is an acronym for Radio Detection and [Link]
detection emit and receive radio waves to determine
the distance from the source to the object by
measuring the time when if it takes the echo of the
wave to the return.
HOW DOES A
DOPPLE RADAR
WORK?
Dopple Radar
Doppler radar bounces sound waves off the storm clouds.
Doppler radar cant ell if raindrops are moving toward or away
from observers, and it can spot spinning movements in the
[Link] helps scientists predict which way storms will
travel.
PREPAREDNESS
AND MITIGATION
A. TYPHOON
B. THUNDERSTORM
C. TORNADO
D. FLOOD&FLASH
FLOOD
E. STORM SURGE
DIFFERENT HYDROMETEOROLIGICAL
HAZARD MAPS
Tools for Monitoring
Hydrometeorological Hazards
PROJECT NOAH by the department of science and
technology(DOST)
- a project for scientific forecasting, monitoring,
assessment and information services regarding natural
hazards
- a more accurate, integrated, and responsive disaster
prevention and mitigation system, especially in high-risk
areas throughout the Philippines
Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of Hazards)
The project will harness technologies and
management services for disaster risk
reduction activities offered by the DOST
through PAGASA, PHIVOLCS, and the DOST-
Advance Science and Technology Institute
(ASTI), in partnership with the UP National
Institute of Geological Sciences and the UP
College of Engineering.
The project has the following components:
1. Distribution of Hydrometeorological Devices in
hard gauges in the Philippines (Hydromet). A total
of 600 automated rain gauges (ARG) and 400 water
level monitoring stations (WLMS) will be installed
along the country's 18 major river basins (RBs) by
December 2000 din provide a better picture of the
country's surface water in relation to flooding.
2. Disaster Risk Exposure Assessment for
Mitigation - Light Detection and Ranging
(DREAM-LIDAR) Project. The project, which is
targeted to be completed by December 2013,
aims to produce more accurate flood
inundation and hazard maps in 3D for the
country's flood-prone and major river systems
and watersheds.
3. Enhancing Geohazards Mapping
through LIDAR. The project, which is
targeted to be completed by December
2014, shall use LIDAR technology and
computer-assisted analyses to identify
exact areas prone to landslides.
4. Coastal Hazards and Storm Surge
Assessment and Mitigation (CHASSAM).
CHASSAM, which is targeted to be
completed by December 2014, will generate
wave surge, wave refraction, and coastal
circulation models to understand and
recommend solutions for coastal erosion.
5. Flood Information Network (FloodNET) Project.
Targeted to be completed by December 2013 is a
flood center that will provide timely and accurate
information for flood early warning systems. The
FloodNET Project will come up with computer
models for the critical RBs, automate the process
of data gathering, modeling and information
output, and release flood forecasts.
6. Local Development of Doppler Radar
Systems (LaDDERS). LaDDERS seeks to
develop local capacity to design, fabricate,
and operate sub-systems of Doppler radars
for remotely sensing the dynamic parameters
of sea surface such as wave, wind field, and
surface current velocity.
7. Landslide Sensors Development Project. This project
is a low-cost, locally developed, sensor-based early
monitoring and warning system for landslides, slope
failures, and debris flow. As of May 2012, ten sensors
have been installed in San Francisco, Surigao del Norte;
Tago, Surigao del Sur, Tublay, Buguias, and Bokod in
Benguet; Guihulngan City. Negros Occidental; St.
Bernard, Southern Leyte; and Tubungan, Iloilo Additional
sensors are expected to be deployed to not less than 50
sites by 2013
8. Weather Hazard Information Project (WHIP). WHIP
involves the utilization of platforms such as television
(DOSTV) and a web portal ([Link]
which display real-time satellite, Doppler radar, ARG, and
WLMS data to empower LGUs and communities to
prepare against extreme natural hazards. This is
complemented by activities, such as: a) conducting of IEC
(Information, Education, and Communication) activities;
and b) the processing and packaging of relevant and
up-to-date information for public use.
THANK YOU!!!
