NAME:K.
SAI PRARDHANA DATE:
ROLL NO: 21EG104A45 PAGE NO:
EXPERIMENT – 1
GENERATION OF SINUSOIDAL WAVEFORM / SIGNAL BASED
ON RECURSIVE DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS
Aim: To Generate Sinusoidal wave form / signal based on recursive difference equations.
Apparatus: software: matlab2023a
Hardware:personal computer
Theory:
A recursive filter has feedback from output to input,and in general its output is a function of the previous
outputvsamples and the present and past input samples as described by the following equation.
Where {ak,bk} are the filter coefficients and the output y(m) is a linera combination of the previous N
output samples[y(m-1)…..y(m-N)},the present input sample x(m) and the previous M input samples
[x(m-1)…x(m-N)].Thus a recursive filter is known as an infinite Impulse Response(IIR) filter.
A non Recursive filter has no feedback and its input output relation is given by
The output y(m) pf a non recursive filter is a function only of the input signal x(m). The response of such a
filter to an impulse consists of a finite sequence of M+1 samples,where M is the filter [Link],the filter
is known as a Finite Impulse Response(FIR) filter.
A first order filter recursive difference equation is given by
Y(m)=ay(m-1)+x(m)
.
ANURAG UNIVERSITY DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB ECE DEPARTMENT
NAME: [Link] PRARDHANA DATE:
ROLL NO: 21EG104A45 PAGE NO:
ANURAG UNIVERSITY DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB ECE DEPARTMENT
NAME: [Link] PRARDHANA DATE:
ROLL NO: 21EG104A45 PAGE NO:
Output waveforms:
ANURAG UNIVERSITY DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB ECE DEPARTMENT
NAME: [Link] PRARDHANA DATE:
ROLL NO: 21EG104A45 PAGE NO:
Procedure:
1. Open MATLAB application.
2. Create an editor file in “.m” format.
[Link] the program in the editor window.
[Link] save the file in any of the drive using “.m” format.
[Link] the program.
6. Check if there are any errors in the command
window. [Link] result will be shown in the command
window
Applications:
1. Signal processing:
Filter Design: Recursive equations are often used in designing digital filters, such as Infinite
Impulse Response (IIR) filters
2. Control systems.
Transfer Functions: Recursive equations are used to represent and analyze systems in control
theory, particularly in the context of transfer functions for systems with feedback.
3. Image processing
Recursive Filters: Recursive equations are employed in image processing for tasks such as image
smoothing, edge detection, and noise reduction using recursive filters.
Result:
Generation of sinusoidal waveform / signal based on recursive difference equations is
performed and the output graphs are verified using Matlab 2023a.
ANURAG UNIVERSITY DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB ECE DEPARTMENT
