Gtpapay;

juk; - 9

#oypay; rkepiy
myF 4

Jeevan Published
Mrpupau;
J.S. Jeevan B.A (Hons) Geo.Spl, PGDE
fpsp/tpdhrpNahil kfh tpj;jpahyak;
 #oypay; rkepiyiag; NgZtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> #oypay;
rkkpd;ik fhuzkhf Vw;gLfpd;w ghjfkhd tpisTfs;> #oypay; xOf;f
newpfs; vt;thW Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jpf;fhd ghijf;F toptFf;Fk; vd;gd
njhlu;ghf fw;gNj ,t;tyfpd; Nehf;fkhFk;.

nghUslf;fk;
• #oypay; rkepiy
• #oypay; rkepiyiag; NgZtjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;
• #oypay; rkepiyapd; epiyFiytpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; fhuzpfs;
• #oypay; rkepiyapd;ikia cUthf;Fk; fhuzpfs;
• #oypay; rkepiy rPuoptjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjfkhd tpisTfs;
• #oiyg; ghjpf;Fk; kdpj eltbf;iffs;
• #oypay; xOf;f newpapd; mtrpak;
• Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp
• Njrpa ghJfhg;Gj; jpl;lq;fs;

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 2

 #oypay; rkepiy

1. #oy; vd;why; vd;d?

• capUs;sJk;> capuw;wJkhd $Wfspdhy; cUthd Rw;whlNy #oy;
MFk;.

2. #oypYs;s capUs;s $Wfs; vit?

• jhtuq;fs;
• tpyq;Ffs;

3. #oypYs;s capuw;w $Wfs; vit?

• #uparf;jp
• kz;
• tsp
• ghiwfs;
• ePu;
• epyTUtq;fs;

4. capUs;s capuw;w $WfSf;fpilapyhd ,iltpidj; njhlu;Gfs;

vit?
• capu;fs; capu; tho;tjw;F ngsjPfr; #oy; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
• kdpjd; #oypd; mj;jpahtrpakhd Xu; gpupT vdf; $wg;gLfpd;wik.
• capupdq;fspd; nraw;ghLfs; kPJ #oy; fhuzpfs; nry;thf;F
nrYj;Jfpd;wd.
• capupdq;fspd; nraw;ghL #oy; kPJ nry;thf;F nrYj;Jjy;.

5. capu;r; r%fk; vd;why; vd;d?

• Gtpapy; thOk; midj;J jhtuq;fSk;> tpyq;FfSk; capu;r;r%fk;
vdg;gLk;.

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 3

6. #oypay; rkepiy vd;why; vd;d?
• capu;r; r%fk; thOk; #oypy; ,aw;ifahf Vw;gLfpd;w khw;wq;fSf;F
vjpu;j;jhf;fk; Gupe;J #oypay; gz;Gfisg; ghJfhj;Jg; NgZtNj
#oypay; rkepiy vdg;gLk;.

7. #oypay; rkepiy ,d;ik vd;why; vd;d?

• #oypay; rkepiyapy; Vw;gLfpd;w rPu;FiyT #oypay; rkepiy ,d;ik
vdg;gLk;.

8. #oy; rkepiyiag; ghjpg;gilar; nra;Ak; kdpj eltbf;iffs; vit?

• tsq;fspd; kpifahd gad;ghL
• Kiwaw;w mgptpUj;jpr; nrad;Kiwfs;
• mjpfstpyhd vupnghUs; ghtid
• tptrha ,urhadq;fspd; gad;ghL
• fhlopg;G
• jho;epyq;fis epug;Gjy;
• Kiwaw;w epyg;gad;ghL
• nghUj;jkw;w njhopy;El;gg; gad;ghL
• msTf;fjpfkhd fopTfspd; ntspNaw;wk;

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 4

9. kdpjd; jd;Dila Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhf ngsjPf
#oiy gad;gLj;Jk; re;ju;g;gq;fs; vit?
• czT> cil> ciwAs; Kjypa mbg;gilj; Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp
nra;J nfhs;tjw;F
• Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;Fk; jfty; njhlu;ghlypw;Fk;
• tu;j;jf eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk; - kdpjd; ngsjPfr;
#oypidg; gy;NtW topfspy; gad;gLj;Jfpd;whd;

10. #oy; kPJ kdpjdpd; nry;thf;F mjpfupf;fj; njhlq;fpa fhyg;gFjp vJ?

• ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpf;fhd fhyg;gFjp

11. #oypay; rkepiy rPu;Fiytjdhy; Vw;gLk; ghjfkhd tpisTfs; vit?

• tul;rp Vw;gLjy;
• Gtp ntg;gepiy mjpfupj;jy;
• fly; ePu; kl;lk; cau;tiljy;
• nts;sg;ngUf;F Vw;gLjy;
• mkpykio nga;jy;
• #oy; khriljy;
• XNrhd; gil Nja;tiljy;
• ,aw;if moF Fd;Wwjy;
• czT kw;Wk; ePu;g; gw;whf;Fiw
Vw;gLjy;
• capu;g;gy;tifik ghjpg;giljy;
• nts;sg;ngUf;F> fhl;Lj; jP> kz;rupT Nghd;w ,aw;if mdu;j;jk;
Vw;gLjy;.

Fwpg;G :- jw;Nghija #oypay; Nrjq;fs; njhlu;e;J epyTkhdhy;> Vwj;jho

,d;Dk; 200 Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; GtpahdJ kdpjd; kw;Wk; Vida
capupdq;fs; tho;tjw;F nghUj;jkw;wjhf khwptpLk; vd tpQ;QhdpfSk;
#oypayhsu;fSk; vr;rupf;if tpLj;Js;sdu;.

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 5

12. #oiyg; ghjpf;Fk; kdpj eltbf;iffSk;> mtw;wpdhy; Vw;gLk;
tpisTfSk; vit?
➢ fhLfis mopj;jy;
• jhtuq;fSk; tpyq;FfSk; moptiljy;
• ePu; %yhjhuq;fs; moptiljy;
• fhgdPnuhl;irl;bd; msT mjpfupj;J #oy; ntg;gepiy cau;tiljy;.
• kiw tsq;fs; ,of;fg;gLjy;
• #oy; khriljy;
• ,aw;if moF ghjpg;giljy;
• kz;zupg;G> epyr;rupT> nts;sg;ngUf;F kw;Wk; #whtspapd; jhf;fk;
mjpfupj;jy;.

➢ tptrha ,urhadq;fspd; gad;ghL

• kz; kw;Wk; ePu;tho; capudq;fs; moptiljy;.
• ePu; khriljy; (jiuf;fPo; ePu;> Nkw;gug;G ePu;)
• tsp khriljy;
• czTr;rq;fpyp ghjpg;giljy;
• ,urhadk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l tpisnghUl;fis cz;gjdhy; kdpju;fs;
gy;NtW Neha;j; jhf;fq;fSf;F cl;gLjy;.

➢ rf;jp tYTf;fhd Rtl;L vupnghUl; gad;ghL

• tsp khriljy;
• #oy; ntg;gepiy mjpfupj;jy;
• mfo;T eltbf;iffspdhy; #oy; khriljy;.

➢ nghUj;jkw;w efu kakhf;fk;

• #oypy; fopTg;nghUl;fs; Nru;;jy;
• ePu;topg; ghijfs; jilg;gly;
• fopTg; nghUl;fspy; ,Ue;J Ju;ehw;wk; tPrYk;> Ez;zq;fpfs; Esk;Gfs;
cw;gj;jpahfp Rfhjhug; gpur;rpidfisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jy;.

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 6

• xyp khriljy;
• eiutop efuq;fs; cUthjy;
• efu ntg;gj; jPTfs; cUthjy;

➢ Fg;ig $oq;fis Kiwaw;w tpjj;jpy; mfw;Wjy;.

• Neha;fs;> Neha;g; guTiffs; Vw;gly;
• ,aw;if moF Fiwtiljy;
• epyk;> ePu;> tsp khriljy;
• tPjpfspy; Fg;igfs; Ftpe;J fhzg;gLtjdhy; tpgj;Jf;fs; Vw;gLjy;.
• Fg;igfis czthf cl;nfhs;Sk; fhy;eilfs; kuzkiljy;.
• Fg;igfis mfw;Wtjw;F murpw;F mjpf nryT Vw;gLjy;.

➢ Nghu; MAjq;fisg; guPl;rpj;Jg; ghu;j;jy;

• tspf;Nfhsk; khriljy;
• rKj;jpu ePu; khriljy;
• GtpeLf;fk;> Rdhkp Nghd;w mdu;j;jq;fs; Vw;gLjy;.
• ehLfSf;fpilapy; KWfy; epiy cUthjy;.
• #oy; khriljy;

#oypay; xOf;f newpfspd; mtrpak;

1. #oypay; xOf;f newpfs; vd;why; vd;d?

• #oiyr; rpwg;ghfg; NgZtjw;Fj; Njitahd gaDs;s ew;gof;fq;fNs
#oypay; xOf;f newpfs; vdg;gLk;.

2. jdpkdpj xOf;f newpfSf;F cjhuzk; jUf?

• kdpju;fs; thOk;NghJ filg;gpbf;Fk; epakr; rl;lq;fs;
• xOq;F tpjpfs;
• gof;ftof;fq;fs;
• kuGfSf;f ,irthf;fk;; ngWjy;

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3. Muk;gfhy kf;fs; #oy; xOf;fnewpfisf; filg;gpbj;jjw;fhd
rhd;Wfisf; Fwpg;gpLf?
• kuq;fs;> nrbfis nja;tkhf topgLjy;
• kuq;fisg; guhkupj;jik
• fhLfspy; fhty;j; nja;tq;fis itj;J topgl;lik.
• Neu;j;jpf; fld;fisr; nrYj;jpaik
• nrbfs;> jhtuq;fisj; Njitf;F Vw;wthW gad;gLj;jpaik.

4. #oy;rhu; xOf;fq;fs; njhlu;ghd rka uPjpahd vz;zf;fUf;fs;

rpytw;wpidf; Fwpg;gpLf?
• “goq;fs;> kyu;fs; nra;Nthu;> ghyk; mikg;Nghu;> fpzWfs;> Fsq;fs;>
ePu; epiyfis mikg;Nghu;> trpg;gplq;fis mikj;Jf; nfhLg;Nghu;
MfpNahUf;F ,uT> gfy; NtisapYk; Gz;zpak; fpl;LtNjhL mtu;fs;
eyk; ngWthu;”
Gj;j ngUkhd;
• “,t; cyfpy; cs;sit midj;Jk; flTSilaNj. capUs;sjhapDk;
capuw;wjhapDk; midj;jpYk; mtuhl;rp epyTfpd;wJ. Mjyhy; xUtu;
jdf;Fj; Njitahd msT khj;jpuk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
kpFjpiaf; flTsplk; tpl;Ltpl Ntz;Lk;.”
itjPff; fpue;jk;
• “,e;jg; G+kp ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk; tpijg;Gk; mWtilAk;> FspUk;
ntg;gKk;> NfhilAk; khupAk;> ,uTk; gfYk; njhlu;r;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;”
Gdpj iggps;
• “cyfk; gRikahdJ> mofhdJ ,iwtd; cq;fis mtw;iwg; Ngzpg;
ghJfhf;fpd;w ghJfhtydhf epakpj;Js;shu;. ePq;fs; mij vt;thW
Nkw;nfhs;fpwPu; vd mtu; vr;rupf;ifAld; ghu;itapLfpd;whu;”
1tJ fyPgh mg+gf;fu; myp

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 8

 Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp

1. Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp vd;why; vd;d?

• jw;Nghija Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;tJld; vjpu;fhy
re;jjpapdUk; jkJ Njitfisg; g+u;j;jp nra;J nfhs;tjw;F cs;s
cupikia cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapyhd #oiyf; fl;bnaOg;gf; $ba
tifapy; ,lk;ngWk; mgptpUj;jpNa Ngz;jF mgptpUj;jp vdg;gLk;.

2. #oypay; rkepiyiag; NgZtjw;fhf “Njrpa Ngzpg; ghJfhj;jy;”

jpl;lj;jpd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nrad;Kiwfs; vit?
• epyg; gad;ghl;ilj; jpl;lkpLjy;.
• tdtpyq;Ffs; kw;Wk; fhLfisg; ghJfhj;jy;.
• fhLfs;> ePu; kw;Wk; kz; vd;gtw;wpw;F ghjpg;G Vw;glhj tifapy;
tptrhaj;jpid Nkk;gLj;jy;.
• fiuNahuj;jpidg; Ngzpg; ghJfhj;jy;.
• #oy; gw;wpa fy;tp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis Kd;ndLj;jy;.
• kj;jpa Rw;whly; mjpfhu rig cUthf;fg;gl;lik.
• #oy; mikr;R xd;iw cUthf;fpaik.

3. ,yq;ifapy; #oypay; rkepiyiag; ghJfhg;gjw;F epiwNtw;wg;gl;l

,uz;L rl;lq;fisj; jUf?
• flNyhug; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk;
• Njrpa kuGupik fhLfs; epyr; rl;lk;

4. #oy; rkepiyiag; ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpy;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nraw;ghLfisj; jUf?
➢ <uepyq;fspd; ghJfhg;Gg; gw;wpa uk;rhu; rkthak;
• ,t; xg;ge;jk; 1971 Mk; Mz;L <uhdpd; uk;rhu; vDk; efuj;jpy;
ifnaOj;jhdJ.
• ngg;utup 2 <uepyq;fs; jpdkhFk;.
➢ XNrhd; gilapd; ghJfhg;gpid Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;l nkhd;wpay;
rkthak;.

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 9

• 1987 ,y; fdlhtpy; nkhd;wpay; efupy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
• nrg;nlk;gu; 16 XNrhd; jpdkhFk;.

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 10

 Fwpg;Gf;fs;

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Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 11

 rptd; fy;tp epWtdk; - Gj;J}u;
Gjpa ghujp fy;tp epiyak; - fe;jNuhil
tp[p Gtpapay; fy;tp epWtdk; - epfo;epiy tFg;Gf;fs;

Thank You
njhlu;GfSf;F : 0774201370

Jeevan Published 0774201370 page 12