[Link] is Intelligence?
• Intelligence can have many faces: creativity, solving problems, pattern
recognition, classification, learning, optimization, surviving in an environment,
language processing, planning, and knowledge.
• Intelligence:“the capacity to learn and solve problems”
•the ability to solve novel problems
•the ability to act rationally
•the ability to act like humans
[Link] the four categories under which AI is classified with examples?
i. Acting Humanly
ii. Thinking Humanly
iii. Thinking Rationally
iv. Acting Rationally
Acting humanly: The Turing Test approach The Turing Test, proposed by Alan
Turing (1950), was designed to provide satisfactory operational definition of
intelligence. Turing defined intelligent behavior as the ability to achieve human-
level performance in all cognitive tasks, sufficient to fool an interrogator. Roughly
speaking, the test he proposed is that the computer should be interrogated by a
human via a teletype, and passes the test if the interrogator cannot tell if there is
a computer or a human at the other end. machine learning to adapt to new
circumstances and to detect and extrapolate patterns
Thinking humanly: If we are going to say that a given program thinks like a
human, we must have some way of determining how humans think. We need to
get inside the actual workings of human minds
Thinking rationally: The Greek philosopher Aristotle was one of the first to
attempt to codify "right thinking," that is, irrefutable reasoning processes. His
famous syllogisms provided patterns for argument structures that always gave
correct conclusions given correct premises.
Acting rationally: Acting rationally means acting so as to achieve one's goals, given
one's beliefs. An agent is just something that perceives and acts. (This may be an
unusual use of the word, but you will get used to it.) In this approach, AI is viewed
as the study and construction of rational agents.
[Link] Artificial Intelligence.
❑ "It is a branch of computer science by which we can create intelligent machines
which can behave like a human, think like humans, and able to make decisions."
Artificial Intelligence exists when a machine can have human based skills such as
learning, reasoning, and solving problems With Artificial Intelligence you do not
need to preprogram a machine to do some work, despite that you can create a
machine with programmed algorithms which can work with own intelligence, and
that is the awesomeness of AI
[Link] the fields that form the basis for AI
#1) Machine Learning
#2) Deep learning
#3) Neural Networks
#4) Cognitive Computing
#5) Natural Language Processing
#6) Computer Vision
[Link] are various approaches to AI
i. Replicate human intelligence
ii. Solve Knowledge-intensive tasks
iii. An intelligent connection of perception and action
iv. Building a machine which can perform tasks that requires human intelligence
such as:
• Proving a theorem
• Playing chess
• Plan some surgical operation
• Driving a car in traffic
v. Creating some system which can exhibit intelligent behavior, learn new things
by itself, demonstrate, explain, and can advise to its user.
[Link] is emerging technologies? Give some examples.
Emerging technologies are technologies whose development, practical
applications, or both are still largely unrealized, such that they are
figuratively emerging into prominence from a background of nonexistence or
obscurity. These technologies are generally new but also include older
technologies that are still relatively undeveloped in potential, such as gene
therapy .
Examples: Cancer vaccines, Cultured meat, Gene therapy
8. Write the history of AI.
o Year 1943: The first work which is now recognized as AI was done by Warren
McCulloch and Walter pits in 1943. They proposed a model of artificial neurons.
o Year 1949: Donald Hebb demonstrated an updating rule for modifying the
connection strength between neurons. His rule is now called Hebbian learning.
o Year 1950: The Alan Turing who was an English mathematician and pioneered
Machine learning in 1950. Alan Turing publishes "Computing Machinery and
Intelligence" in which he proposed a test. The test can check the machine's
ability to exhibit intelligent behaviour equivalent to human intelligence, called a
Turing test.
o Year 1955: An Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon created the "first artificial
intelligence program"Which was named as "Logic Theorist".
o Year 1956: The word "Artificial Intelligence" first adopted by American
Computer scientist John McCarthy at the Dartmouth Conference. For the first
time, AI coined as an academic field.
Year 1972: The first intelligent humanoid robot was built in Japan which was
named as WABOT1.
o The duration between years 1974 to 1980 was the first AI winter duration. AI
winter refers to the time period where computer scientist dealt with a severe
shortage of funding from government for AI researches.
o During AI winters, an interest of publicity on artificial intelligence was
decreased.
o Year 1980: After AI winter duration, AI came back with "Expert System".
Expert systems were programmed that emulate the decision-making ability of a
human expert.
o In the Year 1980, the first national conference of the American Association of
Artificial Intelligence was held at Stanford University.
o Year 1997: In the year 1997, IBM Deep Blue beats world chess champion, Gary
Kasparov, and became the first computer to beat a world chess champion.
o Year 2002: for the first time, AI entered the home in the form of Roomba, a
vacuum cleaner.
o Year 2006: AI came in the Business world till the year 2006. Companies like
Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix also started using AI.
9. What are applications of AI?
1. AI in E-Commerce
2. AI in Navigation
3. AI in Robotics
4. AI in Human Resource
5. AI in Healthcare
6. AI in Agriculture
7. AI in Gaming
8. AI in Automobiles
9. AI in Social Media
[Link] in Marketing
Q [Link] should all engineers know about AI ?
Engineer Professionals who are finding how to become an AI engineer should also
know about the skills required in this field. Some of them include:
• Programming Skills :The first skill required to become an AI engineer is
programming. To become well-versed in AI, it’s crucial to learn programming
languages, such as Python, R, Java, and C++ to build and implement models.
• Machine Learning Engineer: Machine learning engineers build predictive models
using vast volumes of data. They have indepth knowledge of machine learning
algorithms, deep learning algorithms, and deep learning frameworks.
• Communication and Problem-solving Skills : AI engineers need to communicate
correctly to pitch their products and ideas to stakeholders. They should also have
excellent problem-solving skills to resolve obstacles for decision making and
drawing helpful business insights. Let us explore the career and roles in AI in the
next section of the How to become an AI Engineer article.
• Business Intelligence Developer They're responsible for designing, modeling, and
analyzing complex data to identify the business and market trend etc.
