OVERVIEW ‘Structural steel special moment frames (SMF) are typically comprised of wide-flange beams, columns, and beam-columa connections. Connections are proportioned and detailed to resist internal forces (flexural, ‘axial, and shear) that result from imposed displacement as a result of wind or earthquake ground shaking. Inclasticity and energy dissipation are achieved through localized yielding of the beam element outside ‘of the beam-column connection. Special proportioning and detailing of this connection is essential to achieving the desired inelastic behavior. ‘The anticipated seismic behavior of the SMF system is long-period, high-displacement motion, with ‘well distributed inelastic demand shared by all participating beam-coluran connections. System yielding ‘mechanisms are generally limited to frame beams with the inten t invoke yielding atthe base of frame ‘columns. In many cases, engineers may model a SMF system with pin-based columns as significant slifiness is required to yield the base of large wide-flange members. If yielding atthe base of the frame is desired to inthe column section, the column might be extended below grade and ted into a basement wall ‘a ground-level beam, which is added (o create a beam-column connection, Economies of construction ‘usually limit the size of beam and column elements based on imposed displacemenvdrift limit, Design regulations for steel SMF are promulgated in a series of standards: ASCEISEI 7, ANSVAISC 341, ANSI/AISC 358, and ANSYV/AISC 360, AISC 358 provides specific regulations related to prequalification of certain SMF connection types that obviate project-specific testing required by AISC 341. This design cxample follows the provisions of AISC 358 for the RBS connection type for the steel SMF seismic-force- resisting system, ‘The six-story stel office stracture depicted in the figure above has a lateral-force-resisting system Somprising structural steel special moment frames. The typical floor framing plan is shown in Figure 1-1. Apical frame elevation is depicted in Figure 1-2. This design example utilizes simplifying assomptions 2012 IBC SEAOC Structura/Seismic Design Manual Vol. 4 1Eee Design Example 1 = Special Moment Frame for ease of calculation or compuiational efficiency. Because bay sizes vary, the example frames can be designed with different participating bays in each direction, which will result in different sizes of beams and ‘columns foreach frame depending on location. This example explores the design ofa single frame and a single connection of that frame. Assumptions related to base-of-column rotational restraint (assumed fixed), applied forces (taken from the base example assumptions), and applied wind force (not considered) are all incorporated into the example in “silent” consideration. Beam and column element sizes were determined ‘using linear elastic computer model ofthe building. These element sizes were determined through iteration such that code-required drift limits, element characteristics, and strength requirements were met. While this example is accurate and appropriate forthe design of steel SMF structures, different methodologies for analysis, connection design, and inelastic behavior can be utilized, including the use of proprietary SMF connection design. This example does not explore every possible option, nor is it intended to be integrated with other examples inthis document (ie. Base Plate Design, Passive Energy Dissipation). OUTLINE 1, Building Geometry and Loads . Calculation of the Design Base Shear and Load Combinations 3. Vertical and Horizontal Distribution of Load. 4, SME Frame . Element and RBS Connection Design 6. Detailing of RBS Connection 1. Building Geometry and Loads 1.1 GIVEN INFORMATION + Per Appendix A. > Office occupancy on al floors > Located in San Francisco, CA, at the latitude and longitude given > Site Class D © 120 feet x 150 feet in plan with typical floor fram shown in Figure 1-1 © Frame beam and column sizes for lines 1 and 5 (Figure 1-2) ' Beam and column sizes will vary from those on lines A and F © Six-stories as shown in Figure 1-2 + Structural materials © Wide-flange shapes, ASTM A992 (F, = 50 ksi) © Pates ASTM AS72, Grade 50 © Weld electrodes EVOX-XX 2 2012 18¢ SEAOC Structura/Seismic Design Manual, Vor. 4‘Design Examplo 1 » Special Moment Framo ROOF wet X 150, ws0 X99 W30 X $9 6th FLR- Rveoxne [5 waxes = i at 3 g L SthFLR | wars [3 wooxre |$ wooxsee s aneur | wai wooxe fF wooxwe Ff wooxua f ta : Sd FLR | werxiso iso x 173 90 x175, wax 173, wax | & 2nd FLR | worxss0 wooxre: 1% waoxsr | % wooxior [> weir ssn I g AStFLR | Figure 1-2, Frame elevation — line I (line 2 in background) 2012 IBC SEAOC StructuralSeismic Design Marval, ol 3er Design Examplo 1 = Special Moment Frame 1.2 FLOOR WEIGHTS For development of seismic forces per Appendix A: Table 1-1. Development of seismic forces per Appendix A | Unit w, Area Weight Floor W, Level | __ Assembly |e) chips) hips) Floor 78 15,220 1187 Typical floor —— ——$_}—_— 131s Ext Wall 19 6990, 133, Roof 36 15,220 548. Roof, — 656 L Ext Wall/Parapet 19 $700 108 W = 5(1320 kips) + 656 kips = 7256 kips '2. Calculation of the Design Base Shear and Load Combinations ASCE7 2.1 CLASSIFY THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM AND DETERMINE SPECTRAL ACCELERATIONS Per ASCE 7 Table 12.2-1 for special steel moment frame: 2.2 DESIGN SPECTRAL ACCELERATIONS “The spectral accelerations to be used in design are derived in Appendix A 100g Sp. = 0.605 | 2.3 DESIGN RESPONSE SPECTRUM Determine the approximate fundamental building period, 7,, using Section [Link]: = 6.028 and x= 08 T1282 T, =C,hf = 0.02872 = 0.86sec (see discussion below) Eq 128-7 7,=0386 x | 5 0.60 7, =0222=02°° = 02 Gh 0275 = 012 se suas 4 201218¢ SEAOC Structural’Seismic Design Manuel, Vol.Design Example 1 » Special Moment Frame r =5,.[04+062 Bq LL s, Se(o4e0 2) Eqll4-s Spy _ 0.60 = 801 2000 = 060 sec |! es 1.00 Silas S, Sa 12 ForT>T, Eq ll. ‘The long-period equation for S, does not apply here because the long-period transition occurs at 12 sec (from ASCE 7 Figure 22-12). 1.2 Sps= 1.09 i SMF Building Period Te 0.88 800, $= 0.709 | Tnax= 1.20 sec, S,= 0.50g e ® \_1,= 0.12 sec 2 ® S,= 0.4+5.0T | | 2 B a ib Design Spectral Acceleration, Sa (g) ° 0 05 1 15 2 Period (Sec) Figure 1-3. Design Response Spectrum for the example building Figure 1-3 depicts the design spectral acceleration determined from 7, which is greater than T, so the design spectral acceleration, is 0.70. ASCE 7 Section 12.8.2 indicates thatthe Fundamental period of the structure “can be established using the structural properties and deformational characteristics ofthe resisting elements in a properly substantiated analysis,” which might allow a linear elastic modal analysis to suffice. Section 12.8.2, however, limits the Period that can be used to calculate spectral acceleration to value of Tag = C, XT, where C, isa factor found in Table 12.8-1. In tis case Taya = 1.4 X 0.86 = 1.20 see. For preliminary design, the approximate period, 7, will be used to design the SMF. As SMF designs are heavily dependent on mecting drift requirements, the initial value (usually found to be much lower than the period found through mathematical ‘modeling) will suffice for the first design iteration 2012 IBC SEAOC Structural/Seismic Design Manual, Vol4 5Dssign Example » Special Moment Frame 2.4 HORIZONTAL IRREGULARITIES T2341 1 and fh, Torsional Iregularity-—A torsional iegularity exits when the maximum story drift ldng ecidental torsion i more than 1.2 times the average story drift al irregularity exists when the maximum story dif computed including, accidental frsion is more than 1.4 times the average tory dit A stati Hinar clastic three-dimensional computer analysis is ued to obtain the displacement atthe comers ofthe building, This building as no torsional response, so the difference betwesn te maximum driftand average drift is 1.0. Table I-2 provides an example of how one would evaluate the presence ofa torsional regularity forthe earthquake load case in he longitudinal direction With postive sccidental eccentricity and diferences between maximum and average dif. Table -2. Story displacements, line 1 and tine 5, torsional irregularity check Story | S,atLineS (in) | 8,atLine 1 Gn) ni) | Roof 58 1.00 134 3 143 105 Da 4 120 os To7 886 7m | 804 2 326 499 1 vas =| NO TORSIONAL IRREGULARITY: By (By <12 2 Reenirent comer irregularity exists where both plan projections ofthe structure beyond! a reentrant corner are greater than 15 percent of the plan dimension of the structure in the given direction. The plan projections in longitudinal and transverse directions are 30 feet. ‘The plan dimensions are 150 feet and 120 feet in the longitudinal and transverse direction respectively: 30 feet/150 feet = 20 percent in the longitudinal direction; -> REENTRANT CORNER TRREG 30 feet/120 feet = 25 percent in the transverse direction —> REENTRANT CORNER IRREG 3.105, By inspection, the irregularities. building does not qualify for any ofthese horizontal structural REENTRANT CORNER IRREGULARITY EXISTS Per Section [Link], forces for the connections of diaphragms to vertical elements and collectors and the design of collectors and their connections ‘must be increased by 25 percent. If forces for the design of collectors and their connections are calculated using seismic load effects including the overstrength factor, the 25 percent increase is not required, 6 2012 180 SEAOC Structural/Solemic Design Manual, Vol. 4Design Example 1 « Special Moment Frame 2.5 VERTICAL IRREGULARITIES T12.3-2 1a.t05b, _Caleulation for type 1a, 1b, 5a, and Sb may be required for less experienced engineers. ‘These irregularities consider the stiffness and strength of one story relative to another. If the story under consideration is less than 70 percent (1a) or 60 percent (1b) of the story above or 80 percent (12) of 70 percent (1b) of the average of the three stories above, a soft-story iregularty will exist. This iregularty does not exist bused on the element sizes! stiffness, identical sizes of frames in each principal direction, the height of the stories, and the similarity of bay sizes, Ifthe story under consideration is less than 80 percent (Sa) or 65 percent (Sb) ofthe story above, a weak-story iregularity will exist. This iregularity does not exist based on the clement sizes, identical sizes of frames in each principal direction, the relative height of exch story, and the similarity of bay sizes, By inspection, the building does not qualify for any of the vertical structural iegularities, but the engineer is encouraged 10 calculate the conditions identified above and described in Table 12.3-2 for this problem. Other sections of the SEAOC SiructurailSeismic Design Manual cover general analysis and iegularities in more detail. NO VERTICAL STRUCTURAL IRREGULARITIES 2.6 LATERAL FORCE PROCEDURE T12.6-1 1, Simplified Alternative Structural Design Criteria—According to Section [Link] this analysis procedure cannot be used for buildings over 3 storiesNOT PERMITTED 2. Equivalent Lateral Force Analysis—According to Table 12.6-1, since the structure is iess than 160 feet and has only Type 2 horizontal imregularity—PERMITTED 3. Modal Response Spectrum Analysis—PERMITTED 4, Seismic Response History Procedures—PERMITTED USE EQUIVALENT LATERAL FORCE ANALYSIS 2.7 BASE SHEAR Bq 128-2 087 for TST, Bq 12.83 12012 IBC SEAOC Stnsctura’Soismie Design Manual, Vol. 47Design Example ¥ = Special Moment Frame but shall not be less than 0.04455 p51, =0.044 > 0.01 Bq 128-5 and, for structures where S, is equal to or greater than 0.6g, C, shall not be less than: 055, _ (0.50.6) (i) Go) 1038 Eg 12.8-6 = 00087 V= C,W=(0.087)(7256)= 631 kips Eq 128-1 - V=631 kips 2.8 REDUNDANCY FACTOR According to Section 12.3.4, the Redundancy Factor should be calculated for each principal axis, The Redundancy Factor is 1.3 unless either [Link].a or [Link].b is shown to be true, in which case the Redundancy Factor can be taken as 1.0. [Link].a and Table 12.3-3 requires that for each story resisting ‘more than 35 percent ofthe base shear, loss of moment resistance atthe beam-to-column connections at bboth ends of a single beam would not result in more than a 33 percent reduction in story strength, nor does the resulting system have an extreme torsional iregulaity. Section 12.3,4.2.a can be satisfied by showing that each story does not resist more than 35 percent of the base shear (a taller, well-distributed frame design). Indeed, this is the case for this structure as evinced later im the example; therefore, the Redundancy Factor can be taken as 1.0. Section [Link].b can be considered as follows. There are total of six bays of moment frame in the longitudinal direction and four bays of moment frame in the transverse direction; thus, by inspection, removal of an individual frame beam and its rigid connections will not result in more than a 33 percent ‘eduction in story strength (1/4 = 25 peroent). The second condition needs to be confirmed by rigid diaphragm analyses by removing individual moment beams and checking whether an extreme torsional inregularity is produced, Frames can be designed with different elements in each direction, reducing the influence of this provision. From the three-dimensional linear clastic static computer analysis, single-beam 0.5 sec, the value fork is interpolated between a value of 1.0 for T= 0.5 sec and 2.0 for T=25 sec. In tis example, k= 1.18, The distribution of story shear is carried out using wht F,=C,V, where, C,, Eq 128-11 and Bq 128-12 Zoat 3.2 HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF STORY SHEAR Praw-s ° 7'~ 6" ACC. TORSION TORSION Figure I-A, Rigid diaphragm analysis to distribute story shear to SMFs As shown in Figure 14, the center of mass and center of rigidity coincide atthe middle of the building (While not precisely tre, the example building is very well behaved and torsional response is non-existent so the coincident C.M and C.R. is not an unrealistic assumption.) To distribute the load to each SMF. the story shear; F, is applied in the X and Y directions. Per Section [Link], the point of application of the Story shear is offset 5 percent to account for accidental eccentricity. This example designs all SMFs in the X direction the same as the SMFS in the ¥ direction. However, for this illustration, a generic stiffness K is used forall frames, and the essumption is made that frames have different stiffness in each direction as shown. Each frame bay is described in Table 1-5 by using the gridline location of the frame (A, F, 1, 5) and the gridline that intersects the frame line of interest (23, 34, BC, CD, DE). 10 2012 18C SEAOC StructuraV’Seismic Design Maral, Vol 4‘Design Example 1 » Special Moment Frame Table 1-5. Center-of-rigidity calculation Frame [Dir x y R R, ak, oR, AB ¥ -15 ik | ~5K OK AM ¥ -15 1K | 5K 0K 23 Y 75 1K 75K oK FM ¥ 75 1K 75K 0K 1Bc x 60 08K ox | 8K 1D x 60 08K ox | —#K IDE x ~60 08K ox | -8K SBC x 60 08K ox | 4k ScD x 0 08K oK | 48K SDE x o 08K ox | 4K Sum 48K 4K oK OK Center of rigidity: X,=0 K/4 K=0 fi, ¥,=0 K/4.8 K=0 ft (from center of mass) Table 1-6. Rigid diaphragm analysis 10 distribute shear to SMF (X-direction) Direction Frame | Die [Re [Ry [d=e-x [day-», | md | RP | Yam | Vom az | ¥ ik | 750 aise | s62sK | ooo, | aor, au | ¥ ik | 750 =i | 5625K | o00F, | oor, ref ¥ Kk [750 isk | s62sK | ooor | onr, re | ¥ 1K [750 75K | saasK| o0or, | oor, ime [x [ask soo | -a8x | pax | ore, | o00r, 1p | x | 08K <0 | 8K | 280K] 017m | coor, ie [x | oak ~00.0 | 48x | 280K | ote, | o00r, suc | x | Oak wo | asx | 20K] orm | ovr, sep | x | 0aK oo | asx | amok) orm | o0or, spe | x | oaK 0 | 48K | 20K] 01m | O00F, Sun 48K | 4K 39,380 L 2012 IBC SEAOC Strsctura/Selemic Design Manuel, Vol4 11Design Example 1 » Special Moment Frame Table 1-7. Rigid diaphragm analysis to distribute shear to SMPs (¥-direction) ‘YeDiection Fame | Dr] Ra | Ry | deems, fa) RE | Vane | Youn | Yrem | You_| ne | Y TK | 70 x | seask] o2sr, | o0or, | oar, | 026r | aa | ¥ | K 15K s625K| 0257, | 0.00F, 0.01F, | 024K; [res | ¥ 1K 75.0 73K 5625K | 0.25F, | 0.00F, | oor, | 026F, M4} 1K 75.0 Ws | sek] 025F, | 000r, | o01F,| 0.268, iwc | X | o8k | oo | 3K ‘2a80K| 0.007, | O0oF, | -O.01F, | -0.01F, [ae [x [osx wo | asx | 2880K| ocor, | o0or, | -o01n | -001F, we | x | oak “som | ask | pat0x | o0nr, | o0or, | -0or, | -O01F, | [ssc |x [osx | 60.00 48K 2R80K | OOF, | 0.00F, | O00F, | OIF, scp | X | 08K 60.00 48K sex | ooor, | ooo, | oor, | O00r, [soe | x [osx ~ 000 | 48K | 200K] oor, | oor, | 000% | O.00F, [sm [ex Dae T__[eimox ‘The following calculations find the force in SMF along line F for shear in the X direction: Vis Fe = 025K, is = Figg = 025% Moga FX (0.05% 150) = 7.5F; Mugsog®R, _TSEXTSK Poon og, 2 = te = 001, men ERA? 39,780 K ‘ M,.xRy _ORX15K MXR _OF*TEE «0.00 Seat 307K OR My, = F,x0=0Fs Fat * Fa * Fe Fa = 0.26% ‘Table1~7 shows that the maximum design force for any frame bay is 0.26 times the force at that level. The rest ofthis example focuses on the design of the SMF along line F. Table 1-8. Story forces applied to SMF along line F Level/Story Foy (HP) Far 05) Vans) | __ Roofs 4 30 30 [eas 185 8 2 sivath i 38 6 “ahvard 101 2 18 3rd/2nd 62 16 160 [2navist a 3 “16 | 12 2012 18C SEAOC Siructural’Seismic Design Manvel, Vol. 4Design Examplo 1 » Special Moment Frame 4, SMF Frame ASCE and AISC 4.1 SMF LAYOUT ‘The layout ofthe Iateral system should be well distributed to avoid torsional behavior as well as provide reasonable redundancy, The layout for SMFS is constrained by the limitation of column alignment and uni- axial connections (SMF beams aligned along single column cross-sectional axis), which can sometimes require discrect bays and frame lines. This example lends itself to the layout shown previously, which tends to obviate any torsional response and related forces andior penalties for unbalanced layouts, In some «designs, it may be desirable to design SMF connections in a bi-axial arrangement; only specific connection ‘types (prequalified or tested) may be utilized for bi-axial applications, Treatment ofthis complicated condition is beyond the scope of this example. 4.2 DEFLECTION LIMITS ‘SMF design is highly influenced by drift limits, Some augmentative structural elements can be used to help keep drifts low (ie, dampers) or SMF can be used in conjunction with stiffer systems, increasing redundancy and seismic resilience while meeting strict drift limits (ie. dual systems). However, SMF can be designed to meet required drift imits without the assistance of other structural elements. The engineer should consider cost, constructabilty, anticipated performance, and client influence when weighing the use of SMF with or «without supplemental systems. This example examines only the design of SME. The elastic story drifs are the difference in the elastic deflections atthe floor above and below. The maximum predicted inelastic story Arif (based on elastic story drift extracted from the linear elastic analysis model described earlier without ‘any modification of ground motion) is given by the following for the second story along line F: 3, =f anda 1 Bq 128-15 and F 128-2 ‘The limit on story drift is given in Table 12.12-1 based on building system (SME), > four stories in height and the Risk Category (I): 4, =0.020b,, T2241 ‘4=5.05 in ~2.50 in ~2.55 in < A, =(0.020\144 in) =2.9 in T 1-9 andT 12,12-1 A 132: =F =5.27<7.22 ... OK iy a AISC 341, TILL However, if the seetion did aot pass bt criteria, then per AISC 388, Section 5.3.1 (6) for RBS connections, Pemsy be measured at the end ofthe center two-thirds ofthe redaced beam section, provided that gravity loads do not shift the plastic hinge location a significant distance from the center of the reduced section, ‘Check the web width-thickness ratio, confirming that the beam is a highly ductile member: h fo A <2. 1-05 C341, T DILL nC, $0128" $2.45 JE/F, (1-0.93C,) AISC 341, T D1 P, —__ 86 =0.088 <0.125, 30 C, =0 (Footnote fd) OP,” 0.9150 ksix38.8 in?) A coas Jie, =500. For W30x 132:" =43.9.<59.0 ... OK 1, (Check beam depth, weight and span-to-depth ratio limits per AISC 358, Section 5.3: Maximum beam depth: W36>W30 ... OK Maximum beam weight: 300 Ib/ft> 132 Ibi... OK Maximum flange thickness: 1.75 in> 1.0in ... OK Mima ode: 2% ox Check beam lateral bracing requirements per AISC 358, Section 5.3.1 (7), which references AISC 341, Section D1. 2b, Note that per the exception in AISC 358 Section 5.3.1 (7), beams supporting a concrete Structural slab that is connected between the protected zones with welded shear connectors spaced at a ‘maximum of 12 inches on center do not require supplemental top and botiom flange bracing atthe RBS. 18 2012 1BC SEAOC Structural'Seismic Design Manual, Vol 4Design Example 1 » Special Moment Frame As this isthe case in most conditions (and assumed for this example), bracing will be considered under the auspices of AISC 341, Section D1.2b; Maximum brace spacing, Ly 1, = 0:086r,E/F, = (0.086)2.25\(29,000/50) = 112 in oF 9.35 ft Place minimum bracing at quarter points: 30/4 = 755 fton center P, (4S) AISC 360, Eq A-6-7 M,=RZF,, where R, = 1.1. AISC 341 §D1.2a and TA3.1 Use Z, instead of Z, for a conservative estimate of bracing = 1.1437 in?)(50 ksi) = 24,035 kip-in = 2003 fi-kc Py=0.02M,Cd/h, (24.035 kip-in 0.0) ) Pam 0.0 303 tin 164k, ‘The length ofthe brace is assumed to be measured from the centerline of the W30 x 132 tothe centerline of the adjacent gravity beam. Assuming 10-foot beam spacing, the length of the brace is 24 in =10.3 8 Based on the Manual of Structural Steel Construction, a LA x 4 x % as an eccentrically loaded single angle will be examined: 9.P, = 16.3 kips ~ 16.4 kips (using 1 1-foot length and Z, instead of Z,) AISC Manual T 412 ATSC 360 states that a minimum stiffness is also required to provide adequate lateral bracing (A-6-8). This ‘ype of brace is considered a nodal brace, providing a rigid brace support, so the required brace stiffness is L10m,¢, at AISC 360, Eq A-6-8 Oe Eq where $=0.75 4M, =RZF, (however, Z, will be used to estimate bracing) 1.10437 in')(50 ksi) = 24,035 kip-in = 2008 fee G=10 1,=103 A= 124 in ne = dy~ t,= 30.3 in ~ 1.0 in = 293 in B,, =10024.035 kip-inx.0) * 0.75124 in}(29.3 in) =88.2 kin 2012 IBC SEAOC StructuraSoismic Design Manuel, Vol. 419‘Design Example 1 « Special Moment Frame ‘The brace stiffness can be calculated as (c0s713.7") = 631 kin L4x4.x % kickers provided at 7,5 feet on center to brace the beam bottom flange to the top flange of an adjacent steel beam meet lateral bracing requirements. ‘The W30 x 132 beam meets stability and proportion criteria; next, check the design flexural strength (LRFD) per AISC 360. From AISC 360 (Chapter F2) for W30 x 132: 1, 21.164, |= =7.95ft>758-.M,=M,=FZ,- AISC 360, Eq F2-5 F, Design Flexural Strength (conservative assumption): 6,M, = 19,680 kip-in. AISC,T3-6 Demand-capacity ratio: DIC = oe 021<1.0 ... OK. (Check nominal shear capacity for W302 132: AISC341, TE-S+1 OV, =06F A.C, ATSC 360, Ea G2-L AISC 360, Eq G2-3 53.95. 9=10 AISC 360, Eq G2.1(a) cone 9,¥, = 1.0(0.6)(50)(0.615)(30.3)(1.0)= 559 kips 21k _ DIC = 50048 <1. OK W30 x 132 BEAM | ‘Note: The W30 x 132 beam is larger than required by strength considerations as caleulated from ‘prescriptive load combinations. However, given the constraints of meeting frame drift limits, itis a reasonable choice for this design. Limitations related to bearm-column connection design and reduced beam section parameters guided ihe size of beam selected. 20 2012 18¢ SEAOC Siructura’Saiemic Design Manual, ol 4Design Example 1 » Special Moment Frame 5.4 DESIGN TYPICAL COLUMN ‘The column to be designed is the second-tift column of Frame I (line C) as shown in Figure 1-2 and Figure 1-6. The maximum strong axis moments occur at the bottom of the column and are taken at the top flange ofthe fifth-floor beam. For brevity, the example will look at critical conditions affecting design, ‘omitting the many different inconsequential demand values that are determined for the various analyses, including out of plane bending loads, external wind forces, ete, Figure 1-6. Typical second-story column at Frame 1 For the fourth-story column at line 4, the maximum unfactored column forces generated by the frame ‘computer analysis are My, = 15.4 kipein My= 132 kip-in Mua, = +1-5559 kip-in =0.22 kips 22 kips Vie = 41-66 kips Po, = 167 kips Pi.= 116 kips Pag +1-2.23 kips. 2012 IBC SEAOC StructuraVSeismic Design Manuel, Vo. 4 24Design Example 1 » Special Moment Fame ‘Seismic forces identified above include both vertical and horizontal components E, and E,"The vertical component, E,, is added to the dead load in Equation 12.4-1 and subtracted from the dead load in Equation 12.4-2: (1.2 +0.28,.)D+ pO, +05L+025 ASCE 7-10, §[Link] E=p0;=0.28,<(D) Bgs 124-1, 124-3, 124-4 E,=PQ.= 1.00, E,= 0.289 =0.2(1.03)D = 12D. Using the Basic Combinations of Section 2.3.2: 1.2D + 1.61: Pp, = 1.2(167) + 1.6(116) = 386 kips Myy.= 1.2154) + 1.6(13.2) = 39.6 kip-in Vine™ 1.2(0.22) + 1.6(0.22) = 0.6 kips, Using the Seismic Load Combinations, Basic Combinations for Strength Design of Section 12.4.3: (1.2 +0.25pD +p Og +05 +025: Posse [12 + 0.2(1.0)](167) + 1.0(2.23) + 0.5(116) +0 = 294 kips Monica = [1.2 +0.2(1.0)](15.4) + 1.0(5559) +0.5(13.2) +0 = 5587 in-kip Vowuwe™ [1.2 + 0.2(1.0)}0.22) + 1.0(66) + 0.5(0.22) +0 = 66 kips (0.90.28 p3) D- pQq~ 1.64: Po.2= (0.9 -0.2(1.0))(167) ~ 1,002.23) - 0= 115 kips Mp.»= 10.9 -0.2(1.0)|(15.4) ~ 1.0(5559) - 0 =~$548 in-kip ¥p.e= [0.9 -0.2(1.0)1(0.22) ~ 1.0(66) ~ 0 = -66 kips. ‘Try W33 x 221, ASTM A992 column. Check the flange width-thickness ratio: =7.22 AISC 341, T DLL be For W33 x 221: © =6.2<7.22 ... OK. 4, Check the web width-thickness ratio: A 294 0.10 ary ace reer E 45, P2000 RS . 2.45, Foon ees (1-(0.93y0.10)} = 53.5 22 2012 IBC SEAOC Structura/Seismlc Design Manual, Vol. 4Design Example 1 » Special Moment Fame for W33 x 211: hi, = 38.5 < 535. AISC341,T DLL Check column depth, weight, and span-to-depth ratio limits per AISC 358 Section 5.3 Maximum column depth: W36 >W33 ... OK Maximum column weight: unlimited... OK Maximum flange thickness: compact per AISC 341... OK. Unbraced column height (taken from top of framing at bottom to mid-depth of beam at top): 1,212.7 1,238.21 AISC Manual, T 3-6 H=120-@52)= 108 1,=W08ft< by As SMF are usually governed by stiffness criteria, most of the frame stability checks are superfluous, related to the large members required to provide adequate stiffness. Much effort can be expended on frame stability checks and column capacity checks, but in general these systems fall well within limits of stability and strength. Other documents (e.g. AISC Seismic Design Manual) provide exhaustive treatment of these ‘issues, but generally checking the columns for combined flexure/compression is adequate. Therefore, the ‘combined stresses for the critical load combination is 386k joe O02 My —__386__ Ma, OXO92939) 2 x P = ATSC 360, Eq HI-Ib ‘Check column shear strength: AISC 360, Eq G2-1 AISC 360, G2-2 .0(0.6)(50)(26 31.0) = 788 kips V,= 66 kips <6,V,=788 kips ... OK. Fviomn flange bracing must also be considered and is addressed in Part 6 below. USE W33 x 221 COLUMN Note: The W33 221 is no necessarily an optimum size based on strength and local or global stability. {2¢ was chosen to meet deft requirements with consideration toward connection design limitations {2065 sssociated with the beam-column connection, A more refined optimization could result from a F detailed iterations, but this size is adequate for illustration of the design example. 2012 IBC SEAOC Structura/Selsmic Design Manual, Vol.4 23,Design Example 1 » Special Moment Frame 5.5 AIBS CONNECTION LIMITATIONS ‘The column-beam relationship must satisfy limitations identified in AISC 358 Sections 5.4 through 5.7. Section 5.4 requires that panel zones conform to the requirements of AISC 341 and that the column-beam ‘moment ratios are limited to conform to the requirements of AISC 341, with some prescriptive conditions associated with calculating the ratio of column-beam moments. Section 5.5 requires that SMF beam flanges are connected to column flanges using complete joint-penetration (CIP) groove welds and that the welds and access hole geometry conform to the requirements of AISC 341 and AISC 360 respectively. Section 5.6 requires that the beam web provide the required shear strength according to Equation 5.89 and thatthe ‘SMF beam web be connected to the column flange using a CIP groove weld extending between weld access holes. Section 5.7 defines some very specific conditions associated with the fabrication of flange cuts and. repair of gouges and notches. These requirements should be clearly identified in contract documents to ensure that the quality of the connection is attained and maintained consistent with the AISC provisions. 5.6 RBS CONNECTION DESIGN ‘The RBS connection isa pre-qualified connection type per AISC 358. This design example follows the ‘procedure outlined in AISC 358 with reference to AISC 341 and AISC 360. ‘The following calculations comprise a design methodotogy that is inherently iterative and requires some experience to gain proficiency. After considering code drift limits and evaluating several combinations for strong column-weak beam and panel zone strength criteria, the combination of a W30 x 132 beam and 'W33 x 221 column was selected for use in this design example, Note that the “allowance” for using deep columns isa relatively recent development based on various research (Ricles etal, 2004; Uang et al, 2001). ‘The chosen frame members were shown to have adequate strength to resist the factored load combinations (Parts 5.3 and 5.4), and this combination of beam and column sizes in the computer analysis results in overall frame drifts within the code limits (Part 4). The W33 x 221 column was chosen to elucidate consideration of deep columns, while providing an efficient frame design (based on drift limits). However, an increase in column size might be warranted to obviate the need for doubler plates and possibly reduce the cost ofthe frame considering fabrication costs, The conection detailing might also give rise to consider different frame elements. When given the option, steel fabricators often request to use heavier columns in lieu of installing doubler plates for economy. But, in light of these requests, the designer must consider the actual realized savings when replacing fame elements, For example, if a W14 shape is selected for this, frame (instead of the W33 proposed), the comparable column is W14 x 665, an element more than three times heavier than the selected column, In addition to connection detailing, necessary preheat for all welds, required inspection, and the fabrication and inspection associated with column-splice detaits would all = Check moment ratio according to AISC Section £3.4a AISC 358, $5.8, Step 12 ‘The moment ratio is checked in accordance with AISC Section E3.4a, with special attention paid to the definition of Mand how the engineer derives tae surnmation of nominal beam and column flexural strengths. M,, i8 projected to the centerline of the beam to compute M”.. The difference between M,. and ‘M*_ is the column shear multipled by the distance from the flange of tie beam to the centerline of the bean (Figure 1-17). The cruciform is defined by the assumed inflection point in the column(s) andthe center of the beam(s) RBS (Figure 1-13). sear) | 5.08 q ros @ RBS Figure 1-13. Beam-column dimensions 34 2012 18C SEAOC Structura/Selsmic Design Manual, Vol 4Design Exampie 1 = Spectal Moment Frame G@ Res @ RBS Figure 1-14, Demands from beam @ RBS G RBS Figure 1-15, Fre-body dagram for M?, Moo My + Wi +4] -tRa tipi 22h 1910+ 82g) 232359 Mi =M,, + 00{5 +4); 18,849 spins sonia 229) - 23,882 kip-in 2M jy = 23,235 + 23,882 = 47,117 kipsin Viggo 2012 IEC SEAOC Structura’Soismic Design Manual, Vol. 4 35earrrenk TN go = 37,778" ef “0 Moc = sr.778-k Mpe Figure 1-16. Free-body diagram for My, 386 Kips = 5.92 ksi 65.2 in? 86 2012 IBC SEAOC Strucural/Seismic Design Manual, Vol. 4Design Example 1 « Special Moment Frame esto? My EM. _ 95,687 kin Et,” 7UIT Ri Evaluate lateral bracing of columns AISC 358, §5.3.2 Per AISC 358 Section 5.3.2, lateral bracing of columns shall conform to requirements of AISC 341. ‘o preclude SMF column members from lateral torsional buckling AISC 341 Section E3.4c.(1X) specifies ‘equirements for column lange bracing, The W33 x 22] column has a perpendicular beam framing into “at each level providing out-of-plane joint restraint. At the beam top flange, the concrete slab effectively {Provides bracing forthe column flange. The column flanges therefore need to be laterally braced at the beam bottom flange only if AISC 341 Equation 3-1 isnot greater than 2.0. ‘From Step 12 of this design example: EM. 95687 kin _ 5 #208. DM, "41 i1Tein 2° 2012 IBC SEAOC Structural/Seismic Design Manual, Vol.4 37Design Example 1 » Special Moment Frame ‘The column flanges, therefore, do not need lateral bracing atthe beam bottom flange. If bracing were required, it may be provided by perpendicular beams connected to full-depth stiffeners and column ‘continuity plates. When bracing is provided, it must be designed for a required strength that is equal to 2 percent of the available beam flange strength, as appropriate. Welding parameters Parameters for pre-qualified welded joints are presented in AISC 358 Chapter 3. The requirements idemtified in AISC 358 reference AISC 341. The requirements for welding are clearly outlined in AISC 341 Chapter I Section 12.3, which references AWS D1.8, Specific protocols associated with weld backing and weld tabs are described in AISC 358 Chapter 3 and AISC 341 Section 12.3. Quality contro! and quality assurance Quality control and quality assurance requirements are outlined in AISC 358 Section 3.7, which refers to AISC 341. AISC 341 Chapter J covers quality control and quality assurance related to SMF fabrication and erection. Specifications regarding the quality of RBS fabrication are provided in AISC Section 5.7 A “protected zone” is established for the connection (AISC 358 Section 5.3.1(8)). The zone is defined as the portion of the beam between the face of the column flange to the end of the RBS farthest from the column. 6. Detailing of RBS Connection ‘The details shown in Figures 1-18 through 122 arc representative SMF RBS details. 88 2012 IBC SEAOC SructuraV/Seismic Design Manual, Vol 4Design Example 1» Special Moment Frame Beam size | "a" [op | “on "RADIUS" W30x116 Wine | P| 28] ae se W30x148 WS0x173, W511] BEAM PER PLAN W/ FULL DEPTH STIFF. PLATE TO Col. "RADIUS", SEE NOTES ON 8 ‘BEAM AND bel» | CONNECTION PER. FLAN ir p 4 PROTECTED ZONE uP, DC | PROTECTED GONE BU. BAR see Wott 2 DR SEE SP % 70 COL cap R, — cur m 6° BEGIN WELDED STUDS, ERECTION ®, DESIGNED BY FABRICATOR, 36° THICK MIN. —} REDUCED BEAM SECTION, Tas cup, OC SEE’ NOTE 182, REMOVE BACKING AT BOTTOM FLANGE, ROOT PASS SHALL BE BACKGOUGED TO SOUND WELD METAL AND BACKWELDED WITH A REINFORCING FILLET AS SHOWN 2, BACKING AT BEAM FLANGE TO COL. FLANGE SHALL NOT BE WELDED TO THE UNDERSIDE OF THE BEAM FLANGE, NOR SHALL TACK WELDS BE PERMITTED AT THIS LOCATION 3. WELD ACCESS HOLE GEOMETRY SHALL BE PER om) SHOWN ON PLANS DETAIL THUS: LY > RBS CONNECTION SAE SFT Pas ser wr RX Figure 1-18. RBS connection 2012 IBC SEAOC Structural’Seismic Design Manual, Vol.4 39Design Example 1 = Special Moment Frame 6° geen wane ‘SUS commun +] “Oy "| | f | | ouster &, IeerE oct, SEE ELEVATIONS: Se, ‘Sow ON PLANS THUS: FOR INFORNATC ape DETAIL RBS CONNECTION Figure 1-19. RBS connection 6° aco "WeLoeD Hl © ean PROTECTED ZONE. oft Re ee PRE BRE pole 5 SWOWNU CN PLANS THUS: FOR INFORMA Hb Stow aur nor hore *® DETAIL, i RBS CONNECTION SREY Figure 1-20. RBS connection 40 2012 IBC SEAOC Sructura/Seismic Design Manus), Vol. 4‘Design Example 1 = Special Moment Frame 1 DETAIL i RBS CONNECTION SAE PTF ETON Figure 1-21. RBS connection 2012 IBC SEAOC Structural/Selsmic Design Manual, Volé 41‘Design Example 1 » Special Moment Frame HOLD BACK WELD CP., DC, TYP. SEE NOTE 2 REMOVE WELD TABS TO }" MAX. FROM EDGE OF CONTINUITY R, TYP.; GRIND EDGE OF WELO SMOOTH NOT FLUSH; DO NO GOUGE COL. FLANGE My" RADIUS, MIN., TYP. DouBLER WHERE OCCURS NOTES: 1. CONTINUITY PLATES SHALL BE }6" THICKER THAN THE THICKNESS OF THE THICKEST MOMENT FRAME BEAM FLANGE FRAMING INTO THE COLUMN BUT NOT LESS THAN 56”. 2. STEEL BACKING AT CONTINUITY PLATES NEED NOT BE REMOVED EXCEPT FOR INSTALLATION OF DOUBLER PLATES, BACKING LEFT IN PLACE SHALL BE WELDED TO COLUMN FLANGE USING A CONTINUOUS 56" FILLET WELD ON THE EDGE BELOW THE CuP GROOVE WELD. 3. REFER TO TABLES IN THE AISC MANUAL FOR VALUES OF keg, AND Ky co, 7” \_DETAIL CONTINUITY PLATE > ALE: 37 # Figure 1-22. Continuity plate 42 2012 IBC SEAOC Stusctura/Seiemic Design Manual, Vol 4