MENT FRAMES 43 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES 433 slates, including 4.3 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES (SMF) AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES (IMF) Special moment frame (SMP) and intermediate moment frame (MF) systems, Which are addressed in AISC Seismic Provisions Sections E3 and F2, Tespectively, resist lateral forces of at least 0.04 tad per AISC Seitmic Provisions Section E3.6b and 0.02 mma per AISC ‘ ‘Selanic Provisions Section E2.6b, respectively, An overview of SMF behavioe and design issues is provided by Hamburger et al. (2009), SMF and IME systems tend to have larger and heaviot beam and column sizes than braced-frame systems, as the beams aad columns ae often sized for drift como! rather than for strength. The inerease in member sizes and related costs, however, may be acceptable n (LS) _ The absence of diagonal bracing memiers can provide greater freedom in configuring walls cladding systems, Corrent requirements for SMF and IMF systems are the result of research and analysis, completed by vatious groups, including the Federsl Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), AISC, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Science Foundation (NSE), and the SAC Joint Venture. These requirements include pre- aualification of the connections used, per Section Ki of the AISC Selsmic Provisions, or Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic Applications, herein referred to ss ANSUAISC 358. ANSV/AISC 358 is included in Part 9.2 of this Mana, AA primary focus point ofthe testing requirements lies in the measurement of inelastic 4a Morin, fillet deformations of beam-to-column moment connections, Plastic rotation of the specimen was th the stiffener ised intially as the basis for qualification; however, this quantity is dependent on the selee- tion of plastic hinge locations and member span, To avoid confusion, it was decided 10 use the centerline dimensions of the frame to define the total drift angle, which includes both Clastic and inelastic deformations of the connections, Most beam-to-coluzm moment connections for SMF and IMF systems develop inelasticity inthe beams and in the column panel zone, as shown in Figure 4:5; Pane! aoee deformation, “AniemicAN INSTITUTE oF StEx, Coxssteucrion434 MOMENT FRAMES: achieve inclastiity through plastic rotation in the Beam, at last 754% of the ctual deformation must occur in the beam-hinge locations when tested. ‘Coxrently, there are to primary methods used to move plastic hinging of the beam away from the column, These two methods focus on either reducing the cross-sectional properties of the beara at a defined location away from the column, or special detailing of the beam- to-column connection in order to provide adequate strength and toughness in the connection te Taree inelasticty into the beam just adjacent tothe column flange. Reduced ‘beam section (RAS) connections are typically fabricated by trimming the anges of the beams at a short tlstance away from the face of the column in order to reduce the beam secon, properties at sifefined Tocation for formation of the plastic hinge (Figure 4-6), Research has included a siraight reduced segment, an angularly tapered segment, and & circular reduced segment. A higher level of ductiity was noted in the later, and the RBS is ‘typically fabricated using a circular reduced segment. ANSI/AISC 358 includes six prequi reduced beam section illustrated in the examp! anticipated to alified SMF and IMF connections, including the es, Each of these prequalified connections has a1 design procedure similar to that employed in Example 4.3.4. Designers should evaluate the requirements of thei project, the abilities of local fabricators ‘and erectors, and the relative a ofectiveness of different bear-to-colurpa congections to determine the most spPrOPr- ate connection for a given project. Special connection detailing for added toughness and strength takes many forms using both welded and bolted connections. In many of the connections, both propeictry and non- proprietary. such factors as welding procedures, weld-access-hole detailing, web-plate apeihment and flange-plate usage have been considered. For additional information on the specification of these comections, sec ANSU/AISC 358 i Part 9.2 of this Manual. ‘Panel zone behavior is difficult to predict and is complicated by the presence of continu- ity plates and doubler plates, as well a is karea toughness. Three basic approaches are most q _— Plastic hinge zones. 4 Hinge locations vary ‘depending on connection type. + ‘Column panel zone —/ Lys Fig. 4-5. Areas where inelastic deformation may be expected. “AymesicaN Instirune oF Sta, CONSTAUCTION143 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES + of the commonly used: “strong panel,” “balanced panel” and “weak panel.” These three terms folate the strength and inelastic behavior of the panel in relation to the strength and inelas- @ away tic behavior of the framing members in the connection. In a “strong panel,” the panel-zone spetties streagth is greater than the surrounding framing components to the point where the vast bea.- iajorty of the inelastic deformation of the frame occurs in the beam. In a “weak panel,” the ection sirength of the panel-zone is low enough relative to the framing members such that the Section majority of the inelastic deformation of the connection and frame occurs in the panel zone. a shor ‘A “balanced panel” falls between the strong and weak panel, where inelastic deformation in ries at the framing members and panel zone are similat. The requirements in the AISC Seismic nuded a Provisions generally provide for strong ot balanced panel zone designs in SMF. The full rent. A range of panel zone designs are permitted for [MF and OME. ssing a ‘Another consideration in the design of SMF system is the concept of “strong column- weak beam.” The AISC Seismic Provisions provide for the proper proportioning of the frame og the elements in Equation B3-1 ‘9s has Me the is lative, Mpc >10 (Provisions Bq. E3-1) sopri- EMp , where = EM = sum of the projections of the nominal flexural strengths of the columns (includ~ fon ing haunches where used) above iid below the joint to the beam centertine with ei ‘a reduetion for the axial force in the column tina most Reduced beam ‘section Fig. 4-6. Reduced beam section (RBS) connection. ‘Agcenican Insrrrurs oF Ste. ConsraticTiOn436 MOMENT FRAMES EM(, = sum of the projections of the expected flexural strengths of the beam at the plas- tic hinge locations to the columa centerline ‘This provision is not intended to eliminate all yielding in the columns. Rather, as described in AISC Seismic Provisions Commentary Section E3.4a, itis intended to result in {taming systems that have disteibated inelasticity in large seismic events, and discourages story mechanisms. ‘The primary difference between SMF systems and IMF systems is the interstory drift angle capacities, While this requirement differs for SMF and IMF systems, there are many requirements thet are similar between the two frame types. This comparison is summarized in Table 4-1 of this Manual located at the end of this Part. SMF Design Example Plan and Elevation ‘The following examples illustrate the design of special moment frames (SMF) based on [AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3. Design of intermediate moment frames (IMF) reflects, requirements outlined in AISC Seismic Provisions Section E2 that are, in most instances, similar to those in Section E3 or that do not vaty from frame design requirements in the [AISC Specification, For this reason, Part 4 does not present examples that focus exclusively on IMF, although these examples should prove usefull when designing IMF frames as well. ‘Table 4-1 in this Manual compares the significant design requirements for OMF, IMF and SMF systems, and clarifies which portions of the SMF examples apply to IMF design. “The plan and elevation are shown in Figure 4-7 and Figure 4-8, respectively. The code- specified gravity loading is as follows: Dfoor 5 psf Droof = 68 psf Leftoor 80 psf Enver = 50 psf (reduced) s =20 psf Curtain wall = 175 tb/ft along building perimeter at every level For the SMF examples, it has been determined from ASCE/SEI 7 that the following fac- tors ate applicable: Risk Category I, Seismic Design Category D, R = 8, 2p = [Link]= 5%, ‘T_= 1.00, Sps= 1.0, and p = 1.0 (per ASCE/SEI 7 Section [Link], p = 1.0 if the story resists ‘more than 35% of the base shear in the direction of interest, Joss of one bay of SMF will not segult in more than a 33% reduction in story strength, nor -does the resulting system have an extreme torsional imegularity). se Example 4.3.1. SMF Story Drift and Stability Check Given: Refer to the floor plan shown in Figure 4-7 and the ‘SMF elevation shown in Figure 48. Determine if the frame satisfies the ASCE/SEI 7 Grift and stability requirements based on the given loading. ‘The applicable building code specifies the use of ASCE/SEI 7 for calculation of loads. AMenicaN INSTITUTE OF STEEL ConsTRUCTION‘MENT FRAMES 4.3 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES. 437 vam at the plas- ans, Rather, as ded to result in ind discourages interstory drift there are many 1 is summarized uirements in the ‘ocus exclusively F frames as well. ME. - ‘SMF investigated in Part 4. voy ‘sien and. 'SCBF investigated in Part 5 For elevation, see Figure 4-8, tively, The code- Fig. 4-7, SMF floor plan. @ ® @ @ 30-0" 30-0" 30-0" wares wate | a the following fac- 3 weieaa 3 woras 3 = 3,Ca= 5 3 3 viffthe story resists = + + dh wyof SME will not one w24x76 waax7e wearers ing system have a0 ly 7 a | 2 secon! [5 woos ef, wane 3] _vowre / 5" —_——_—_. = BK tS 5 ck Nur @ Base own in Figure 48. Column splice sirements based on 48" above finished floor yp.) {ation of loads. Fig. 4-8, SMF elevation. Ameatcan INsmrure OF SrHEL ConsrRuCTION4.38 ‘MOMENT FRAMES ‘The seismic design story shear at the third levels, V,, is 140 kips as defined in ASCEYSEI 7 Section 12.8.4. From an elastic analysis of the structure that includes second-order effects and accounts for panel-zone deformations, the maximum interstory drift occurs between the third and fourth levels: 5. = Bye ~ 83e = 0.482 in. In this example, the stability check will be performed for the third level. This checks the st bility of the columns supporting the third level. The story drift between the second and third levels is 83¢ — Sze = 0.365 in.. Solution: From ATSC Manual Table 1-1, the geomettic properties are as follows: we4x76 by = 8.99 in. Reduced beam section (RBS) connections are used at the frame beam-to-column connec tions and the flange cut will reduce the stiffness of the beam. Example 4.3.3 illustrates the design of the RBS geometry and the flange cut on one side of the web is c = 2 in, Section 5.8, Step 1, of ANSVAISC 358 states that the calculated elastic drift, based on gross beam section properties, may be multiplied by 1.1 for flange reductions up to 50% of the beam flange width in lieu of specific calculations of effective stiffness. Amplification of drift val- ues for cuts less than the maximum may be linearly interpolated. For by= 8.99 in,, the maximum cut is: 0.5(8.99 in.) = 4.50 in. Thus, the total 4-in. cut is: 100 =88.9% of the maximum cut The calculated elastic drift needs to be amplified by 8.89% (say 9%). Drift Check From an elastic analysis of the structure that includes second-order effects, the maximum interstory drift occurs between the third and fourth levels. The effective elastic drift is: Bre =84e-Bre = 0.482 in. Bye ans = 1.098 ye =1.09(0.482 in.) = 0.525 in. Per the AISC Seismic Provisions Section B1, the design story drift and the story drift limits, are those stipulated by the applicable building code. ASCE/SEI 7 Section 12.8.6 defines the design story drift, A, computed from 8, as the difference in the deflections at the center of AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF StEEL. ConstaucTION‘OMENT FRAMES ‘SPECIAL. MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES 439 Lin ASCE/SEI 7 ond-order effects curs between the js checks the sta- second and third column connec- 3.3 illustrates the += 2 in, Section ed on gross beam, 50% of the beam cation of drift val- ects, the maximum clastic drift is: the story drift limits mm 12.8.6 defines the ions at the center of mass at the top and bottom of the story under consideration, which in this case is the third level. (ASCE/SEI7 Eq. 12.8-15) = 2.89 in. From ASCE/SEI 7 Table 12.12-1, the allowable story drift at level x, Ay, is 0.020hs., where hag is the story height below level x. Although not assumed in this example, Ay can be increased to 0.025hs if interior walls, partitions, ceilings and exterior wall systems are designed to accommodate these increased story drifts. ASCE/SEL 7 Section [Link] requires for scismic force resisting systems comprised solely of moment frames in structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E or F, that the design story drift not exceed Aa/p for any story. Determine the allowable story drift as follows: _0.020012.5 )(12 infty - 10 = 3.00 in, A=289in 0.125, i E | E Ang = 2.45, |—(1—0.93C,. And = 0.77, |—-(2.93-Cg) 2 1.49, w20s |p 0-006) wa enc) ss From Al [29,000 ksi =0.77,J— (2.93 cral-t 50 ksi (2.93- 0.141) ‘ral-tors L [29, P 1,49, [ 22-000 ist 2 So Ksi | fe Ly=| =51.72389 ; From Al | Use Ang = 51.7. cable lit — the ¥ Because 1 = h/ty = 13.7 < And the Web satisfies the requirements for highly ductile 4 elements. Altematively, Table 1-3 in this Manual can be used to confirm that members satisty the Mus requirements for highly ductile members. ‘4 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF StH. CONSTRUCTIONductile ained as e ampli- aly ductile satisfy the 49 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES. Effective Length Factor “The direct analysis method in AISC Specification Section C3 states that the effective length factor K of all members shall be taken as unity unless a smaller value can be justified by rational analysis. Therefore, Ky = 10 Ky=1.0 Available Compressive Strength Determine what the controlling slenderness ratio of the column is: Ly _1.0(14.0 ft)(12.0 in. /ft) re 643 in. 26.1 Koby _ 1.00140 892 in 8) 5 4.02 in. =41.8 governs K. Using AISC Manual Table 4-1, with KyLy = 14.0 ft, the available compressive strength off the W14x176 column is: [ "ERED ‘ASD | t Pr 4, | 9ct=2,050 kips> 249 kips, ok, |Z =1,[Link]> 218 Kips [Link] So a Available Flexural Strength From AISC Manual Table 3-2, determine for the W14x176 whether the limit state of lat- ceral-torsional buckling applies for flexural strength, ie., Lp > Ey. [p= 14.2 Lp =TB.2t [y= 1608 < Ly From AISC Specification Section F2, with compact flanges and web and Lp $ Zp, the appli- cable limit state is yielding. Using AISC Manual Table 3-2, the available flexural strength of the W14xt76 column is: AnmantcaN INSTIEUTE OF StiEL ConSTROCTION446 MOMENT FRAMES t Combined Loading Check the interaction of compression and flexure using AISC Specification Section Hi1.1, 1 ‘and the governing load case for combined loading. [ LRED ASD | Pr __243 kis P24 kips P, 2,050 kips Pe 3,360 kips =0.119<02 =0.157<02 Therefore, use AISC Specification ‘Therefore, use ATSC Specification Equation H1-1b Equation Hi-1b PB lM o2 Me 1ST {158 KPA 9] 0.276 798 kip-it 0308<1.0 ok. 0276<1.0 ok Aveilable Shear Strength Using AISC Manual Table 3-2 for the W14x176 column: [ LRED | ap Vo n Ll OV, =378 kips>32.0 hips ok. =252 kipy> 224 hips ok. | ‘The W14x176 is adequate to resist the loads given for Column CL-1 Comments: “The beam and column sizes selected were based on a least-weight solution for drift control, thus, the column size is quite conservative for strength. __ Example 4.3.3. SMF Beam Strength Check Given: Refer to Beam BM1 in Figure 4-8. Determine the adequacy of the W24x76 ASTM A992 |W-shape to resist the following loading. ‘The beam end connections utilize the reduced bear: section (RBS) prequalified in accordance with ANSVAISC 358 and shown in Figure 49 ‘Also, desiga the lateral bracing for the beam using ASTM A36 angles. Assume that the bead flanges are braced at the columns. Antentcan INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONFRAMES 4.) SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES ‘The applicable building code specifies the use of ASCE/SEI 7 for calculation of loads. The tion 1.1, required strengths at the face of the column and the centerline of the RBS are determined by ‘a second-order analysis including the effects of P-8 and P-A with reduced stiffness as _2 required by the direct analysis method. ‘The governing load combinations for the required flexural and shear strength at the face of | the column are: | LRFD | ‘ASD 7 | LRED Load Combination 5 from ASD Load Combination 5 from | | ASCEISEI 7 Section [Link] ASCEISEI 7 Section [Link] | | My=(.2+0.28ps)D+ Or Mg =(1.0+0.14Sps)D + H+F +05E+025 +0.7p0E | | =-273 kip 136 kip-ft Vy =(.2+0.28ps)D + 90x Vq =(1.0+0.148ps)D+ H+ F +0.5L+0.25 +0.7pQr =33.8 kips = 22.8 kips (including the 0.5 factor on £ permitted in ASCEISEL 7 Section [Link]) Face of & = coum -\| 5 --W24x76 drift control : o=2.001n |= 1201, | -— _, b= 180i, a= 5%in ASTM A992 ‘educed beam n Figure 49. Fig. 4-9. Initial RBS detail for Examples 4.3.3 and 4.3.4,448 MOMENT FRAMES ‘The governing lond combinations for the required flexural and shear strength at the center- line of the RBS are: LRED ASD My =(1.2+0.2Sps)D+PQr Mg = (1.0+0.148ps)D+H+F+0.1p0r +051+028 168 kip-ft = 246 kip-ft ‘The required shear strength at the RBS is not given because the shear at the face of the col- umn is greater than at the RBS and the available shear strength is the same at each location since the web is not modified by the RBS cut. Solution: From AISC Manual Table 2-4, the beam material properties are as follows: ASTM A992, Fy = 50 ksi Fy= 65 ksi From AISC Manual Table 1-1, the beam geometric properties are as follo weax76 d=23.9in. ty = 0.440 i tes = 1.18, Z_= 200 in> ry = 1.92 in, hig = 23.2 in, RBS Dimensions According to the requirements of ANSI/AISC 358 Section 5.8, Step 1. the designer must choose a section that satisfies the dimensional constraints listed below. For this example, trial values of a, b and ¢ are chosen as shown in Figure 4-9. Example 4.3.4 demonstrates that these dimensions are acceptable. Other dimensions that satisfy the requirements of ANSI/ AISC 358 could have been selected. Dimensions that satisfy the dimensional constraints listed below may still require adjustment to satisfy all of the requirements of ANSI/AISC 358 Section 5:8. | OSbiy Sa 5 O.75biy (ANSV/AISC 358 Eq. 5.8-1) 065d $b < 085d (ANSI/AISC 358 Bg, 5.8-2) [Link] Sc < 0.25biy (ANSI/AISC 358 Eq, 5.8-3) Check Beam Element Slenderness AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3.5a requires that the stiffened and unstiffened elements of SMF beams satisfy the requirements of AISC Seismic Provisions Section D1.1 for highly ductile members. Anutcay Instrrure oF Sri, CONSTRUCTION Attl Fron high yy- i +0.7pQE | ve of the col ach location esigner must or this example, emonstrates that ments of ANS ‘onal constraints 5 of ANSUAISC © 358 Eq. 58-0) €358 Eg, 58-2) 1C 358 Eq. 58-3) stiffened elements on D1-I for highly 1433 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES 49 [ANSUAISC 358 Section 5.3.1 permits calculation of the width-to-thickness ratio for the ‘anges based on a value of by not less than the flange width at the ends of the center Pv0- thirds of the reduced section provided that gravity loads do not shift the location of the plastic hinge a significant distance fzom the center of the RBS. Assuming this is the case here, the RBS radius of cut from ANSVAISC 358 Figure 5.1 and the dimensions given in Figure 4-9 is: ! eB Be 4(2,00 in,)? + (18.0 in. 8(2.00 in.) =21.3 in. ‘Atthe edge ofthe center two-thirds of the RBS, the reduced flange width is, from geometry by,pas = URC) by ~ (2-3) = 2(21.3 in,—2.00 in.) + (8.99 in.) —2,] (21. =6.72in. pas 2 6 2(0.680 in.) 494 From AISC Seismic Provisions Table D1.1, the limiting flange width-to-thickness ratio for highly doctile members is: Because hy< Aya the flanges satisfy the requirements for highly ductile members. From AISC Seismic Provisions Table D1.1, for webs of rolled I-shaped sections used as beams or columns, recognizing that Cy = P,/(OP,) is assumed to be zero because no axial force is present for the beam, the limiting width-to-thickness ratio is: Amica INSTITUTE oF STEEL, CONSTRUCTION450 ‘MOMENT FRAMES E Daa = 2.45, | wi =245, =59.0 Because Ay = hilty = 49.0 < 2nd the web satisfies the requirements for highly ductile members. ‘Ahematively, using Table 4-2 of this Manual, it can be seen that a W24x76 will satisfy the width-to-thickness requirements for an SMF beam. Spacing of Lateral Bracing AISC Seismic Provisions Section D1.2b requires that both flanges be laterally braced at intervals not to exceed: I ’ E 29,000 ksi)f__} ® 0.0861, | —| = 0.086(1.92 in.) = —— lata “(2 ‘ inf 30 ksi lean f =7.98 ft ‘Alternatively, using Table 4-2 for a W24x76, it can be sean that Linax is equal to 7.98 ft. ‘The composite concrete and metal deck diaphragm provides continuous lateral support (0 | the top flange of the beam: however, the only lateral supports for the bottom flange occur at the end connections. Therefore, a bottom flange brace must be provided at least every 7.98 fi. The distance between column centerlines is 30.0 ft If three braces are provided along the 0 length, the unbraced length of the beam, Lp, would be: al th aw #7550 ft. <7.98 ft i in ‘Therefore, provide lateral bracing of the bottom flange at 7.50 ft intervals. Available Flexural Strength Check the available flexural strength of the beam (including the reduced section) as stipu- ated in ANSVAISC 358 Section 5.8, Step 1. First, check the unbraced length using AISC Manual Table 3-2: Tp= 6.78 ft 1,219.5 ft Therefore, Ly < Ly < Lr ‘This suggests that bracing must be provided more closely than 7.50 ft on center to devel0p ‘My in the frame beam bat, as discussed in the following, recognizing that Cp > 1.0 helps establish that M, can be developed with bracing intervals further apart than 6.78 ft American INSIrUrs oF SrE=L, CONSTRUCTIONMENT FRAMES | 43 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES 451 “When designing an RBS conneetion, itis assumed that the flexural strength of the member at the reduced section will control the moment strength of the beam. According to AISC Specification Section F2, where Ly <>, beam strength is controlled by Mp, When the RBS section is proportioned and located according to the provisions of ANSU/AISC 358, the flex- ural strength of the RBS will control beam strength and this assumption does not need to be ‘verified. In these cases, the flexoral strength of the unreduced section is Limited by Mp = | )Z, and the flexural strength of the reduced beam section will be Mpaps = FyZkps, where highly ductile Zags is the plastic section modulus at the center of the reduced beam section, as defined in | | ANSI/AISC 358 Equation 5.8-4, and Z, is the plastic section modulus of the unreduced will satisfy the ‘sumption will have to be verified. Note that as a practical matte, the typical value of Cp | | is greater than 1.0 for moment frame beams and when the limits imposed by the AISC Seismic Provisions on unbraced length are considered, lateral-torsional buckling typically beam section. However, in cases where Ly > Zp, which is the case im this example, the i ‘will not reduce the flexural strength of the unreduced section below Mp. 4 : ‘erally braced at . . - i | For the unreduced section, from AISC Specification Section F2, with compact flanges and web and Ly < Ly Lr, the applicable flexural strength limit states are yielding and lateral- | torsional buckling, For the Timit state of yielding and lateralstorsional buckling, the following equation applies. M, lp - (Mp -07K | (Spec. Eq. F2-2) squal 10 7.98 ft lateral support fo 7 12.5Myuas . sm flange occur at OO FN +3Mq + 4Mp +3Me (Spee. Bay FID at least every 7.98 ‘rovided slongihe _-_ I bracing is provided at 7.50 ft on center, there are four unbraced segments along the Pear, although the two segments on each side of the beam midspan are symmetric assuming that the seismic load case on the beam is considered, The moment diagram from the elastic analysis has an approximately constant slope such that the values Of Mex, Ma, Mp and Mc can be obtained by proportioning the moment diagram shown in Figure 4-10. This approx- imation assumes that the impact of gravity load is such that it does not significantly , influence the shape of the moment diagram resulting from lateral load. s. -d section) as stip con center to develop that Cy > 1.0 heles than 6.78 fl. Fig, 4-10, Moment diagram for Beam BM-1. AMERICAN INSTITUTE: OF SyeR1, CONSTRUCTIONMOMENT FRAMES 452 For the exterior segments of the beam, where M is the moment at the end of the beam: Minax=M Mg =|0.875M] Mp =|0.75 MI Mc = (0.625ML 2 > yu Ge 12.5M =F 5M + 3(0.87SM) + 4(0.75M)+3(0.625M) 25 For the interior segments of the beam: Mae = 0.5M Ma = (0.375M] Mg = 0.25 M| Mc =0.125M) => md oe 12.5(0.5M) 2,5(0 5M) +3(0.375M)+4(0.25M)+3(0.125M) =1.67 the beam end segment is determined in the following. The end segment is the governing case because the ratio of Cp values for the exterior and inte- rior segments is less than the ratio of the maximum moments for the segments. From AISC ‘Specification Section F2.2, forthe limit state of lateral-orsional buckling, with Lp Bor = 70.2 kipfin. Ing k>Bor Oke Sot L5xSx¢/1e ASTM A36 kickers will be provided to brace the beam bottom flange at a spac: Fp ing of 7.50 ft, The brace at midspan can be designed in a similar manner with Cy = 2.0, 4 because it is the brace closest to the inflection point. i Note that because this connection features a prequalified RBS moment connection ‘support: r Fe ing a concrete structural slab, according to ANSVAISC 358 Section 5.3.1(7) the slab plus the typical lateral stability bracing provides sufficient stability so that additional bracing adjacent tothe plastic hinges isnot required, provided that shear connectors are provided a ‘a minimum spacing of 12 in, (but omitted in the RBS protected zone). Comment: In addition to checking that the beam available flexural strength is greater than the required flexural sirength from code-specified load combinations at the center of the RBS, the mi imum probable moment, M,,, at the column face needs to be checked against the expected ‘moment stiength of the unreduced beam section, This will be done in Example 4.3.4ange at a spac- with Ca = 2.0, xcetion support- 7) the slab plus ditional bracing «are provided at chan the required e RBS, the max- inst the expected imple 4.3.4. 43 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES Example 4.3.4. SMF Beam-Column Connection Design ‘The SMF beam-column connection design presented in this example has been chosen to demonstrate the application of the design provisions for prequalified RBS connections in accordance with ANSU/AISC 358. This example demonstrates that the RBS geometry devel- ‘oped below is satisfactory. Some of the results from this example are used in Example 4.3.3. ‘The geometry of an RBS connection is not unique and alternative configurations of the RBS geometry are possible, Given: Refer to Joint JT-1 in Figure 4-8. Design the connection between Beam BM-1 and Column CL-1 using the reduced beam section (RBS) shown in Figure 4-9. All beams and columns are ASTM A992 W-shapes, Plate material is ASTM AS72 Grade $0. The gravity loads on the beam are: wp = 0.84 kip/ft w= 0.60 kip/tt Procedure: ‘The procedure outlined below follows the order of the design procedure outlined in ANSVAISC 358 Section 5.8. The term “Step n” indicates the actual step number in ANSVAISC 358 Section 5.8. The steps from ANSVAISC 358 are augmented with some additional checks in this example. Some of the steps listed in Tuble 4-A. are executed in detail in Example 4.3.3, the SMF beam strength check. The procedure is defined for LRED only. In addition, pane! zone and bracing requirements are checked. Solution: From AISC Manual Table 2-4, the W-shape material properties are as follows: ASTM A992 y= 50 ksi P= 65 ksi From AISC Manual Table 2-5, the plate material properties are as follows: ‘ASTM AS72 Grade 50 P= 50 ksi Fe= 65 ksi From AISC Manual Table 1-1, the geometric properties are as follows: Column Wi4xt76 A=S18in? = d=15.2in, W131 %=320in3 0,830 in. by= 15.7 in, tide = Vs i. kage = Din, ky = in. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONTable 4-A ; RBS Design Procedure Per ANSI/AISC 358 ‘Chock eystom bmitatons per Section 5.2, ‘Check prequalicaton limits per Section 53. ‘iep 1. Choose ill values forthe RBS dimensions b and c See aso Example 43.3, ‘Sap 2. Compute plastic section modulus atthe center of RBS, 2» See Example 4.33. ‘Stap 3. Compute the probable maximum moment atthe center of RBS. ‘hep 4, Compute the shear force atthe conte of the RBS at eat end of bear. ‘sep 5. Compute the probable maximum moment atthe face ofthe column. ‘Step 6. Compute the plastic moment ofthe beam based on expected yield ste. ‘hat moment atthe face of he column, Mi daes not exceed available strength, Moe nection trom Seeetienieegtee: Step 7. Check “sep 8. Determine the required shear strenath, Vi of Beam and beam web-to-column cor Equation 58-9. ‘Step 9. Design the beam web-to-clumn connection per Saction 5.6. ‘Step 10. Check continuity plate requirements per Chapter 2. ‘St 11, Ghock colurm-beam relationship Imiations according to Sacton 4, Sees: ¢ 3 Beam, W24x76 A= 224 in? 4,= 0.680 in. ty = 0.440 in. y= 8:99 in. ry= 1.92 in. ‘System limitations per ANSIAISC 358 Section 5.2 ‘The frame is a special moment frame and the RBS connection is prequalified for SMF and IMF systems. iaiwome a »y Prequalification limits per ANSVAISC 358 Section 5.3 Check beam requirements ‘The W24x76 beam satisfies the requirement | wide flange member, with depth less than a W36, thickness less than 1.75 in. The clear span-to-depth ratio o for an SMF system: s of ANS/AISC 358 Section 5.3.1 as a rolled ‘weight less than 300 Tb/ft, and flange f the beam is at least 7 as required (360 in. 15.2 in) Clear span/depth = lear span’ depth 239 in =14427 ok. AwERICAN INSTITUTE oF Sreut. CONSTRUCTIONvin, ilified for SMF and jon 5.3.1 as a robed 100 Tb/ft, and flange at least 7 as required 43 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES, 459 The beam also satisfies the maximum width-to-thickness ratios for the flange, measured at the edge of the center two-thirds of the RBS, and the web specified by ANSV/AISC 358 Section 5.3.1(6), as shown in Example 4.3.3, Beam lateral bracing must be provided in conformance with the AISC Seismic Provisions. This beam supports a concrete structural slab that is connected between the protected zones with welded shear connectors spaced at a maximum of 12 in. Consequently, according to the Exception in Section 5.3.1(7) of ANSVAISC 358, supplemental lateral bracing is not required at the reduced section. Minimum spacing between the face of the column and the first beam lateral support and minimum spacing between lateral supports is shown in Example 4,3.3, ‘The protected zone consists of the portion of the beam between the face of the column and the end of the reduced beam section farthest from the face of the column. Figure 5.1 of ANSI/AISC 358 shows the location of the protected zone. This information should be clearly identified on the structural design drawings, on shop drawings, and on erection draw- ings. Check column requirements The W14x176 column satisfies the requirements of Section 5.3.2 as a rolled wide flange member, with the frame beam connected to the column flange and with a column depth less than a W36. ‘The column also satisfies the maximum width-to-thickness ratios for the flanges and the web specified by Section 5.3.2(6), as shown in Example 4.3.2. Column lateral bracing must conform to the requirements of the AISC Seismic Provisions, ‘Section E3.4c allows the use of a strong-columm/weak-beam ratio (AISC Seismic Provisions ‘Equation E3-1) greater than 2.0 to show that a column remains elastic outside of the panel zone at restrained beam-to-column connections. If it can be demonstrated that the column remains elastic outside of the panel zone, Section E3.4c(1) requires the column flanges to be braced at the level of the beam top flanges only. With a column-beam moment ratio of 1.72 in this example (see calculations following), the columa cannot be assumed to remain elastic and bracing is required at both the top and bottom flanges of the beam. Column Mange bracing at these locations may be provided by continuity plates and a full-depth shear plate between the continuity plates at the connection of the girder framing into the weak axis of the column, ANSVAISC 358 provides only an LRFD design procedure for the RBS connection; there fore, the RBS connection must be designed using LRFD, even in the case where ASD ras used for the remainder of the design. The following calculations illustrate the LRFD. procedure, Tial Values for the RBS Dimensions a, b and ¢ (Step 1 in ANSV/AISC 358 Section 5.8) Be Gimensions of the RBS cut will be determined so that the RBS has sufficient strength } resist the flexural loads prescribed by the building code as well as so that the probable AMERICAN INSTITUTE oF StzEL ConstRuCTON‘MOMENT FRAMES 400 .¢ column does not exceed the expected plas- maximum moment in the beam at the face of th Example 4.3.3, while tic moment capacity of the beam. The former check is performed in the latter check is performed in the following. For the trial values of the RBS dimensions, use the values in Figure 4-9 and check per ‘ANSI/AISC 358 Equations 5.8-1 to 5.8-3. a a= 5.50 in. [Link] $a £ 0.75by 0.5(8.99 in.) 4.50 in. 0.75by = 0.75(8.99 i.) 6.74 in, . S$ 5,50 in. $ 6,74 in ok. 2 (ANSI/AISC 358 Eq. 5.8-D) S44 me erumn 065d I 5 e S 2 6,000 8,000 ~10,000' Distance along beam span, ft Fig. 4-13. Probable moment diagram for portion of beam between centers of RBS cuts. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONMOMENT FRAMES: tot My = Myr + VeasSi (ANSUAISC 358 Eq, 5.8-6) = 8,670 kip-in.+72.1 kips(14.5 in.) = 9,720 kip-in. pr + VRS 610 kip-in.+37.6 kips(14.5 in) ),220 kip-in. My “The free body diagram corresponding to Equation 5.8-6 is shown in Figure 4-14 for the eft side of the beam. ‘As noted in ANSVAISC 358, this free body diagram and Equation 5.8-6 neglect the grav- ity load on the beam between the center ofthe RBS and the face of the column. Neglecting this gravity load introduces lite error. For this example, ifthe gravity toad of 13} kip/tt 1 ‘Yas included in the froe body diagram in Figure 4-L4, the value of My would increase by 115 kip-in, i Plastic moment of the beam based on the expected yield stress i (Step 6 in ANSI/AISC 358 Section 5.8) I Mye =RyFye (ANSU/AISC 358 Eq. 5.8-7) t =1.1(60 ksi) (200 in’) : 11,000 kip-in. f Alternatively, using AISC Seismic Manual Table 4-2 for the W24x76 beam, RyMp = 917 ; kip-ft = 11,000 kip-in. 4 8 6 72.1 kips M, = 9,720 kip-in ‘Mpy = 8,870 kip-in. Vass = 72.1 kips S,= 14.5 in. Fig. 4-14, Free body diagram of portion of beam between center of RBS cand face of column. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION‘TFRAMES Eq. 58-6) 4 for the left cot the grav- 2. Neglecting of 1.31 kiprft 4 inerease by 358 Eq. 5.8-7) 1, RyMp= 917 ae = 8,670 Kips. 2.1 Kips of RBS 43 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES. 465 Check that moment at the face of the column, Mr, does not exceed baMpe (Step 7 in ANSI/AISC 358 Section 5.8) From ANSI/AISC 358 Section 2.4.1 ty =1.00 a Mye = 1.0(11,000 kip-in.) = 11,000 kip-in. My — =9,720 kip-in, Mp S0aMpe (ANSI/AISC 358 Eq. 5.8-8) 9,120 kip-in. < 11,000 kip-in. ok, ‘Because Equation 5,8-8 is satisfied, the preliminary values of a= 5.50 in., b= 18.0 in., and ‘c= 2.00 in. are acceptable. Because there is a significant difference between My and ¢4Mpe, it may be possible to reduce the depth of the RBS cut. Reducing the RBS cut (the c dimension) from 2.0 in. to 5 in, will still satisfy Equation 5.8-8, and will result in a smaller increase in story drift ratio due to the presence of the RBS cut. ‘On the other hand, increasing the RBS cut would Teddace the shear demand on the panel zone, as discussed in Step 9 of this example, For the purpose of this example, continue with the RBS dimensions of a = 5.50 in. b= 18.0 in, and ¢= 2,00 in. Required shear strength, V,, of the beam and beam web-to-column connection (Step 8 in ANSI/AISC 358 Section 5.8) ‘The required shear strength of the beam and the beam-to-column connection, Vi, ¢an be cal- ‘culated by taking the previously computed value of Vaas and adding the shear due to the gravity load on the portion of the beam between the center of the RBS and the face of the column: Va = Vras + WuSh = 72.1 kips +131 kip/fe(1 fi/12 in.)(14.5 in.) =73,7 kips ‘Note that there is lite error in taking Vu = Vass: ‘The design shear strength of the W24x76 beam, OV, is 316 kips from AISC Manual Table 3-6. V=73.7 kips $V, ok, Design the beam web-to-column connection according to ANSU/AISC 358 Section 5.6 (Step 9 in ANSI/AISC 358 Section 5.8) ‘The required shear force at the column face is Vj,= 73.7 kips as determined previously. Seiect a single-plate connection with a plate at least % in. thick to support erection loads, ANSAISC 358 Section 5.6(2X2). The same section requires thatthe beam web be “ded to the column flange using a complete-joint-penetration (CIP) groove weld. AsteRtcAn EvstTTUTE oF Sra. ConsTRAICTION+66 ‘MOMENT FRAMES With the single plate as backing, use a CIP groove weld to connect the beam web to the col- a umn flange. requ From the AISC Specification Section G2.1, the required minimum remaining web depth _ between weld access holes for the 73.7 kips shear force is: wal ang = 73:18 an 00.6F tWCy Spec ‘73.7 kips must 1.00(0.6)(50 ksi 0.440 in (LO) ficie =5.58 in, colar By inspection, sufficient web depth remains. o.k. From 8 Continuity plate requirements according to ANS/AISC 358 Chapter 2 (Step 10 in ANSU/AISC 388 Section 5.8) ANSI/AISC 358 requires continuity plates for the prequalified RBS connection unless the Whik exceptions of AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3.6f are met and both Equations 53-8 and becau 3.9 are satisfied. impac AWS 31 in. dimer ye = I. from AISC Seismic Provisions Table A3.1 tinuity fe 204 | By ty (Provisions Fg, F3-8) 24 5eFe 204, /1.8(8.99 in, 0.680 “S 3 131 in.<133in, ng. (Provisions Bq, F3-9) 1.31<1.50 in, ng. Neither Equation E3-8 nor Equation E3-9 is satistied, so the minimum thickness require ments of Section E3.6f are not met. Therefore, continuity plates are required. For this two-sided connection, the thickness of the continuity plates is required to be at least ‘equal to the thicker beam flange on either side of the column according to AISC Seismic Provisions E3.6f2). Therefore the minimum continuity plate thickness is 0.680 in. Use %in.-thick ASTM AS72 Grade 50 continuity plates on both sides of the web. Alternatively, the W14x176 column could be upsized to a W14x211 to avoid the need. for a continuity plate. The decision to upsize the column should also consider the need {o provide a doubler plate for the panel zone, as discussed in the following. For the purposes: AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF SHH. CONSTRUCTIONyo the col- web depth ‘on unless the ons E3-8 and ‘ons Eq. F3-8) sions Eg. E3-9) ickness require a. red to be at least ‘9 AISC Seismic 1,680 in. he web. > avoid the need onsider the need For the purposes 43 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES of this example, the column size will not be changed and ¥-in.-thick continuity plates are required. Welds between the continuity plate and the column flanges are required to be CJP groove welds according to AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3.6f3). ‘The AISC Seismic Provisions do not specify the width of the continuity plate. AISC Specification Section J10.8 says that the minimum width of each continuity plate plus foy/2 ‘must be greater than by/3. As shown below, however, this width does not appear to be suf- ficient to stiffen the column flanges due to the significant clip in the plate resulting from the column fillet. From AISC Specification Section 110.8, the minimum continuity plate width is: 8.99 in. 0.830 im,» 59 in, 3 2 While a 2%-in.-wide continuity plate is the minimum width permitted, this is too narrow ‘because the resulting contact width is only 0.870 in. as shown in Figure 4-15, once the impect of the filet is considered. AISC Seismic Provisions Section 12.4, which references AWS DLB clause 4.1, limits the comer clip to not more than “4 in. beyond the published ky dimension, where ky for a W14x176 is 1% in, Thus, the length of contact between each con- ‘iouity plate and the column flange is: ‘The typical practice, therefore, is to set the continuity plate so that it is at least as wide as the edge of the frame beam flange: 8.99 in, 0.830 in, _ 2 2 4.08 in. oriit is as wide as the edge of the column flange: 15.7 in, 0.830 in, 2 2 7.44 in. Continuity plate = 0.830" i | 0.870" Fig. 4-15. Contact area between minimum-width continuity plate and column flange. I | - y+ 0.5" = 2.125" { i Amica INSTITUTE OF Sra CONSTRUCTION468 MOMENT FRAMES For illustration in this example, use 6.00 in. as the plate width, so that the contact width is: 0.830 in. 2 129 in. 6.00 in, —|(194 in. +14 in) According to AISC Seismie Provisions Section E3.6f(3), the strength of the sum of the ‘welded joints of the continuity plates to the column web weld is the smallest of: (@) Sum of design strengths in tension of continuity plate contaet area with the column flanges (b) Design strength in shear of continuity plate contact area with the web (©) Design strength in shear of the column panel zone (@ Sum of expected yield strengths of the beam flanges tansmitting force to the conti- nuity plates Note that (a) and (b) can be analyzed for each continuity plate to column web on either side of the web, whereas (c) and (d) apply to the welds of both continuity plates Assaming a ¥inethick plate, for continuity plate requirement (a), and using AISC Specification Section 14.1(a), the design tensile strength is: a Ta = OF (contact area) 1.90(50 ksi(2)(4.29 in.)(%4 in.) 190 kips ou For continuity plate requirement (b): AISC Seismic Provisions Section 12.4 states that continuity plates are to be detailed ‘in accor- dance with AWS DL.8 clause 4.1. The: comer clip of the continuity plate along ‘the column web is equal to Kae + 1.5 4.13 in. The contact width with the web is: Contact width = 15.2 in. - 2(4.13 in.) 94 in, ‘The design shear strength of the ‘continuity plate based on the contact area with the web, from AISC Specification Section 54.2(a), is: 0,Va = 410.608, (contact area) = 1.00(0.60)(50 ksi)(6.94 in.) 04 in.) +2156 kips For continuity plate requirement (c) and assuming that P, < 0.75Pe, the design stength of the panel zone, OR, i (aote that AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3.6e(1) revises the value’ ‘of 6 to 1.00): AMRICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL. CONSTRUCTION1 width is: sum of the the column o the conti- neither side using AISC ailed in accot- ag the column with the web, sign strength of -evises the value 423 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES. Bheste Rn = reson Bal (Spee. Eq, 310-11) b+ 3015.7 in.(1.31 in 23. =1,00(0,60)(50 ksi) (15.2 in.)(0.830 in.) x] "(152 in,)(0.830 = 480 kips Since this requirement applies to the entire panel zone, it will be divided by 2 when com- pared with requirements (a) and (b). For continuity plate requirement (d): T= 2RyFybpte =2(1.1)(50 ksi)(8.99 in.) (0.680 in.) = 672 kips Since this requirement applies to the entice panel zone, it will be divided by 2 when com- pated with requirements (a) and (b). ‘The continuity plate to column web weld is based on the smallest of 290 kips, 156 kips, 480 kips/2 = 240 kips, or 672 kips/2 = 336 kips. Thus, the design should be based on 156 kips. ‘To transfer 156 kips, a ¥2-in. double-sided fillet weld is required over the contact length, From AISC Manual Equation 8-28: 7 156 kips 2(1.392 Kipin. per sixteenth) (6.94 in.) =8,07 sixteenths Check column-beam relationships per ANSI/AISC 358 Section 5.4 (Step 11 in ANSV/AISC 358 Section 5.8) AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3.4a requires that SMF connections satisfy the following trong-column-weak-beam criterion, assuming that the exceptions stated in Section F3.4a are not met. (Provisions Eq. E3-1) The Value of Mj. in this example is based on projecting Mpe to the beam centerline assuming ‘that the column shear, V,, is in equilibrium with the column moment, Myc. This is consistent svith the definition of Mpc in AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3.4a. Alternatively, the col- “umn shear could be computed to be in equilibrium with the beam moment, Myr. The latter ppeepech will result in a smailer value of Mj. and, when applied to Equation E3-1, will pro- MCE a slightly more conservative result.MOMENT FRAMES 4-0 ‘The axial load on the column must also be considered when determining the flexural strength of the column atthe beam centerline. (For simplicity, the same axiel oad will be used above and below the joint although this is not quite accurate.) Using Pye = 249 kips as eiven in Example 4.3.2, and the height of the column to its assumed points of inflection above [f= (12.5 f02)(12 inJ/ft) = 75.0 in. and below [hp = (14 £2\(12 int) = 840 in, the ' beam centerline, Mpc is determined as follows: Th wet’, = Ze( Fy —P|{ (Provisions Eq, E3-2a) me Ag hy de /2. " Pai Pach Al +Ze)h-—| | , ileal te the =320in. {s0 wi- ‘r) anc 51.8 in. Fro exp um dev hei “The expected flexural demand of the beam at the column centerline is defined in ANS = AISC 358 Section 5.4 as: sid * ip EMpy = 2(Mpr + Mur) where 4 bd, Mwy =2|Vi oye x) se “32 | EM py = summation of the probable maximum moment atthe center of each RBS determined previously ‘The term EM, is the sum of the moments produced at the column centerline by the shear at the plastic hinges. Recalling the values of Vans and Vins computed in Step 4 of this exam- whi A ple and the values of the RBS cut confirmed in Step 1, Muy ist EM = (Vas +Vins (a+ = (72.1 kips+37.6 sap) (5.50 = 2,420 kip-in. ‘Therefore, the expected flexural demand of the beam at the column centerline is: EM gp = 2M pr +2Muy = 2(8,670 kip-in.) +2,420 kip-in. = 19,800 kip-in. AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONS| INT FRAMES the flexural Toad will be =249 kips 2s of inflection 84.0 in.] the 1s Bg. E322) ned in ANSI i RBS ve by the shear 4 of this exam- ae is: 43 SPECIAL MOMENT FRAMES AND INTERMEDIATE MOMENT FRAMES 47 TMpe _ 34,100 kip-in, TMyp _ 19,800Kip-in, 72. 12>10 oe ‘Therefore, the strong-column-weak-beam check is satisfied, Panel Zone Check AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3.6e specifies that the required panel zone shear sirength ‘e calculated by summing the moments at the column faces as determined by projecting the expected moments at the plastic hinge points to the column faces; in this example, Mr and Mf. From statics, it can be seen that column panel-zone shear based on the summation of the expected moments at the column faces should be reduced by the column shear, V.. The col- uma shear, Vz, is not from the code-specified toads bat is, instead, the column shear developed from the plastic hinging of the RBS. Assuming points of inflection at the mid- height of the columns above and below the panel zone and as previously determined in this example, My= 9,720 kip-in. on the left side of the beam and M/ = 9,220 kip-in. on the right side, the value of Ve, ignoring the small effect of gravity loads between the expected plastic hinge location and the face of the column, is: 239 in.-0.680in, UPS = 697 kips AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3.6e(1) requires that the design shear strength of the pane] {one be determined in accordance with the limit state of shear yielding in AISC Specification ection 110.6 with ¢, = 1.00. Specifically, AISC Specification Section J10.6(b) is applicable, Axaucan INSTITUTE oF STEEL. CONSTRUCTIONMOMENT FRAMES 4n pecnuse frame stability, including plastic panel-zone deformation. s considered in the analy- tothe sis, Determine the applicable equation as follows: cases, P, = 243 kips from Example 4.3.2 See H B<0.15P, Ithes siight P< 0,75FyAg warns B << 0.75(50 ksi)(51.8 in.) zone t Size | 243 kips < 1,940 kips 0K ‘Therefore, the shear strength of the panel zone is given by AISC Specification Equation Then TO-1: diate | Ry = 0.60 F ydetw 1+ 38a (Spec. Bq. J10-1) 2 dete Rn = 1.00(0.60){50 ksi) (15.2 in.)(0. 830 in.) From ; in? 4 vclns B15: ind 31 in & (239 in.)(1S.2 in.)(0-830 im.) = 480 kips From ‘Alternatively, using Table 4-2 of this Manual for the W14x176 column: Z 0.75P; =1,940 kips 8 OR 178 kips | Thet OR +2420 kip-in. te : ithe thes thes Ute} = 479 kips Because R, = 697 kips > 4R,, a colurmn-web doubler plate is required. Note that if Ve had ae peen sublracted, the required panel zone strength would have been approximately 816 ‘kips, which is a 17% inerease in demand, Comments: “Tests and analyses have shown thatthe actual shear strength of the panel zone might be com sidesably lerger than the shear force that causes global shear yielding, because of strain hardening and the additional resistance provided by the columa flanges ‘bounding the panel | gone, Therefore, AISC Specification Section 310.6(b) permits utilization of this additional “hear resistance in design when the flexibility of the panel zone is considered in analysis: Designers should be aware, however, that significant inelastic deformations might be #59 ciated with this increase in resistance. For connections ‘in which beam flanges are directly 0.390 in, ok. If the doubler plate satisfies this minimum thickness, itis permitted to be applied directly to the column web or spaced away from the web, without the use of plug welds. The available shear strength of the panel zone is checked using AISC Specification Equation 10-1 wi tbe thickness, f, taken as the combined thickness of the column web and dou- er plate, Shegt dydety 4 (Spec. Eq. 110-11) Ry =0.60F dety ‘here ty used in two places is replaced by tw + fp- Htearranging to solve for fp: me esos (se ; |__| 0.6F de AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL ConSTRUCTION0.60(50 ksi)[3(15.7 in (1.31 in. (9 in) olen kips— 0.60(50 ksi)(15.2 in.) tp 20.476 aaa 0.830 in. Use a Yin-thick doubler plate. Because the doubler plate meets the minimum thickness required by AISC Seismic Provisions Equation E3-7 (0.390 in.), plug welds between the doubler and the column web fhe not required, The length of the clip of the continuity plate atthe doubler plate isnot required to meet AWS D1.8 clause 4.1. Use a | in. x Lin. clip. Extend the doubler plate 6 in, above und below the beams. Attach the doubler plate to the Column flanges using complete-joint-penetration groove welds, as stipulated in AISC Seismic Provisions Section E3,6e(3)(). A minimum-sized filet weld may be wsed across the top and boitom of the doubler plate to avoid free edges, but isnot required “Alternatively, two doubler plates spaced away from the column web can be used as shown in AISC Seismic Provisions Commentary Figure C-E3.3(¢). Figure 4-16 shows the final configuration of the panel zone Installing doubler plates can be costly, so selecting a larger ‘column may also be considered. Upsizing the column may potentially eliminate the need for continuity plates. The amoutt that the column can be upsized without losing the savings associated with eliminating the ‘oubler plate vases significantly depending on the project and geographic region, Dut age cert rule of thumb suggests that upsizing the coluran between 50 to 100 Ib/ft might stil be ‘more cost-effective than installing doubler plates and continuity plates, The column would fave tobe upsized (0 a W14x257 to eliminate both continuity plates and doubler pstes = ‘a weight increase of 81 Ib/ft from the W14%176 used in this example. This weight increase {ig in the middle of the 50 to 100 Ib/ft range where upsizing might be cost ‘effective anda dis: saan witha ubricaor is ecomimiended, Nevertheless, forthe purposes ofthis example the W14x176 column size will be retained to illustrate the design of the doubler plate. Column Bracing Requirements [AISC Seismie Provisions Seotion E3.4c allows the use of a strong-colusmn/wveak-beam 10 (AISC Seismic Provisions Equation E3-1) greater than 2.0 t0 show that a column remains Grstic outside of the panel zone at restrained beam-to-column connections. If it cap be ‘demonstrated that the column remains elastic outside of the panel zone, AISC Seismic ‘Provisions Section E3.4c(1) requires the column flanges to be braced at the level of the ‘beam top flanges only. With a ratio of 1.72 in this to remain elastic and bracing is required at both the top and example, the column cannot be assumed bottom flanges of the beam: AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTIONNT-FRAMES, JSC Seismic + column web vr plate is not ar plate to the ated in ATSC ve used across da used as shown be considered. 2s, The amount 34" single pate ‘connection (A572 Gr. 50) e KS waezoneen Bolts as required Kereta W14x176 column Note: For weld backing requirements, ‘s0@ ANSUAISC 358 Chapter 3, Fig. 4-16, Design Example 4.3.4 connection geometry. Aspaican INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION476 ‘MOMENT FRAMES, 4.4 COLUMN SPLICE AND COLUMN BASE DESIGN EXAMPLES ‘The following design examples address the design of gravity column splices, SMF column splices, SMF column bases, and SMF embedded column bases. ueo Example 4.4.1. Gravity Column Splice Design in a Moment Frame Building Given: Refer to the floor plan shown in Figure 4-7 and the SMF elevation shown in Figure 4-8. Design a splice using bolted flange plates between the third and fourth levels for the gray- ity column located at the intersection of grids 2 and B. Use ASTM AS72 Grade 50 for all splice material. The column sizes above and below the splice are ASTM A992 W12x40 and W12x68, respectively. CT ee Solution: From AISC Manual Table 2-4, the beam and column material properties are as follows: ASTM A992 y= 50 ksi F,= 65 ksi ' From AISC Manual Table 2-5, the splice material properties are as follows: ASTM A572 Grade 50 ch y= 50 ksi Fy= 65 ksi From AISC Manual Table 1-1, the column geometric properties are as follows: W12x58—Lower shaft d=12.2in, die= 12% in. ty = 0.640 in. by =10.0 in, Z,= 86.4 in? %=325 in? W12x40-—Upper shaft d= 119 in, duc= 12in. = 0515 in, by=8.01 in. Z,=$7.0in> Z= 16.8 in? AISC Seismic Provisions Sections D?.1, D2.5a and D2.5c have requirements for gravity col- umn splices. Note that these gravity column splice provisions are equally applicable «© gravity column splices in braced-frame buildings. Check splice location AISC Seismic Provisions Section D2.5a requires that the splice be located a minimum of 4 ft from the beam-to-column connections. The three exceptions to this requirement do rot apply for this building, AMp(CAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL, CONSTRUCTION(MENT FRAMES Moment nin Figure 4-8, vels for the grav- Grade 50 for all 92 W12x40 and re as follows: Mlows: 0.0in. O1 in. cents for gravity col- ually applicable 10 ted a minimum of 4 requirement do not ee 44 COLUMN SPLICE AND COLUMN BASE DESIGN EXAMPLES an Assume that the gravity column splices are at the same vertical elevation as the SMF col- umn splices shown in Figure 4-8. This location satisfies AISC Seismic Provisions Section 25a. Required Shear Strength of Splice in Weak Axis of Column AISC Seismic Provisions Section [Link] requires that, with respect to both orthogonal axes, the column splice be able to develop a required shear strength equal to: LRFD ASD ASD SH 50 ksi(16.8 in.*) __50 ksi(16.8 in.*) | "125 f(12 init) © 1,5(12.5 ft) (12 in. Aft) | =5.60 kips = 3.73 kips ‘The shear force to be resisted by each flange splice plate is half of Mpe/#Z. Therefore, for ‘one splice plate: LRFD ASD. Vay =5.60 kips/2 Vay = 3.73 kip 2.80 kips = 1.87 kips Note that the smaller column, the W12x40, controls the required shear strength, as is stip- fated in AISC Seismic Provisions Section [Link]. Conservatively ignoring frictional resistance between the upper and lower shafts due to col- umn dead load, this force will be resisted by the splice material, Required Compressive Strength of Splice ‘With the upper shaft centered on the lower shaft, the dimensions of the upper shaft are such ‘hat it will achieve full contact bearing on the lower shaft. Therefore, the splice will not be ‘equired to transfer any compressive loads if the upper shaft is finished to bear on the lower Haft. Because a note stating, “finish to bear,” is provided on the detail, Case I-A applies Hom AISC Manual Part 14, Table 14-3, AMERICAN INSTITUTE oF Sez, CONSTRUCTION Nee