Bus Bar Switching Scheme
used in Northern Region
Neeraj Kumar
Manager, NRLDC
Presentation Outline
Introduction
General overview of switching
scheme
Summary of Switching Scheme
Peculiar Schemes
Highlights of Switching Scheme of
Constituent in Northern Region
1
Switching Scheme Selection Criterion
Safety of Personnel
Reliability
Feeder fault: how system is affected?
Bus Bar fault how system is affected?
Protective zone
Ease in operation and maintenance
Breaker Maintenance
• is it possible without loosing the element?
Bus Bar Maintenance
• is it possible without loosing the element?
Complexity/Simplicity
Cost :Techno economical consideration
Provision of future expansion
Thumb Rule-How to test a switching scheme?
Ask the following points to all the switching scheme:
1. Count number of Buses and CB ,isolator used in a
Bay?
2. Is CB Maintenance without loosing any element
possible?
3. Is Bus bar Maintenance without loosing any
element possible?
4. What will happen if there is a feeder fault?
5. What will happen if there is a Bus bar fault?
6. Simplicity/Complexity
7. Scope for future expansion
8. Cost of the scheme
2
Extracts from Transmission Planning Criteria of CEA
Capacity of any Single S/S at diff Voltage level
should not normally exceed
765 kV-2500 MVA
400 kV-1000 MVA
220 kV-320 MVA
132 kV-150 MVA
A stuck Breaker condition shall not cause
disruption of more than 4 feeders for 220 kV
system and 2 feeders for 400 kV system and 1
feeders for 765 kV system.
Size and number of ICTs shall be planned in such
a way that outage of any single unit would not
overload the remaining ICTs of the underlying
system
Types of Switching Scheme
Single Bus (SB)
Main and Transfer bus (MT)
Double Bus with single breaker (DBSB)
Double Bus scheme with two breaker(DBDB)
Double Main & Transfer bus (DMT)
Ring Bus (RB)
One & Half breaker (B-1/2)
3
SINGLE BUS SCHEME (SB)
189-A 289-A 489-A
389-A
152 252 452
352
189- B 289- B 489- B
389- B
Feeder-1 Feeder-2 Feeder-3 Feeder-4
SINGLE BUS SCHEME WITH SECTIONIZER
589-A 589-B
552
489-A
189-A 289-A 389-A
352 452
152 252
189-B 289-B 389-B 489-B
Feeder-1 Feeder-2 Feeder-3 Feeder-4
4
Maintenance :
S IN G L E B U S S C H E M E W IT H S E C T IO N IZ E R
5 8 9 -A 5 8 9 -B
552
4 8 9 -A
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
352 452
152 252
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B 3 8 9 -B 4 8 9 -B
F e e d e r-1 F e e d e r- 2 F e e d e r -3 F e e d e r -4
Maintenance of Breaker:
For doing the maintenance feeder is to be off
Maintenance of Bus:
If it is sectionized only partial part of bus will be under
shutdown.Sectionalizing helps if we have multiple source and load
If it without sectionization It requires shutdown of whole bus
Single Bus Scheme (SB)
Advantage:
Simplest & Cheap
With addition of Sectionaliser reliability increases
Disadvantage:
Maintenance of a CB require shut down of whole
feeder
Maintenance of a Bus require total outage of all the
feeder
In case of failure of breaker to clear the fault on any
feeder results into opening of all the Breaker.
5
Where SB type of scheme is used?
Utility 220 kV
BBMB Bhakra-R, Dehar
DVB Lodhi Road
HP Kango, Jeori
PSEB 12 (Butari ,Chohal, Dasua Mahilpur, Patti, Sultanpurlodhi,
CL Amritsar,Dhandharikalan,ferojpur,Goraya,Muktsar-220 kV,
Govindgarh-new)
RRVPNL Pindwara, Makrana, Hanumangarh
UP Meerut-PP
MAIN AND TRANSFER BUS SCHEME (MT)
MAIN BUS
189-A 289-A
389-A
152 252
352
189-B 289-B
389-B
189-T 289-T
TRANSFER BUS
USED: HSEB-DADRI Feeder-2
Feeder-1
6
Maintenance :
M A IN A N D T R A N S F E R B U S S C H E M E (M T )
M A IN B U S
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A
3 8 9 -A
1 5 2 2 5 2
3 5 2
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B
3 8 9 -B
1 8 9 -T 2 8 9 -T
T R A N S F E R B U S
U S E D : H S E B -D A D R I F e e d e r-2
F e e d e r-1
Maintenance of Breaker:
Can be done by taking Bus coupler into service.
Maintenance of Bus:
Not possible without complete shutdown of substation
Main and Transfer Bus Scheme (MT)
Advantage:
Low initial cost & flexible operation
Any one Breaker ,line protection, bay can be taken
out of service any time for maintenance through the
bus tie breaker
Disadvantage:
This scheme like the single Bus scheme requires
shutdown of station for the bus maintenance
In case of fault on the bus there is complete outage.
Require one more Breaker than the total number of
connection . So Number of Breaker per feeder=No of
Breaker / No of feeder
7
Where MT type of scheme is used?
Utility 220 kV
RRVPNL (11) Locations
UP (16) Locations
Uttranchal (2 )Locations
S IN G L E B U S S C H E M E ( S B )
1 8 9 - A 2 8 9 - A 4 8 9 - A
3 8 9 - A
1 5 2 2 5 2 4 5 2
3 5 2
1 8 9 - B 2 8 9 - B 4 8 9 - B
3 8 9 - B
F e e d e r - 1 F e e d e r - 2 F e e d e r - 3 F e e d e r - 4
M A IN A N D T R A N S F E R B U S S C H E M E (M T )
M A IN B U S
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A
3 8 9 -A
1 52 25 2
3 52
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B
3 8 9 -B
1 8 9 -T 2 8 9 -T
T R A N S F E R B U S
U S E D : H S E B -D A D R I F e e d e r-2
F e e d e r-1
8
Double Bus scheme with one Breaker and
Bypass Isolator (DBSB)
BUS-1
289-A
189-A 389-A
352
189-B 289-B
389-B
BUS-2
289-C Bus Coupler
189-C Bay
152 189-T 252
289-T
189-L 289-L
Feeder-1 Feeder-2
D o u b le B u s s c h e m e w ith o n e B r e a k e r a n d
B y p a s s Is o la to r (D B S B )
B U S -1
2 8 9 -A
1 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
352
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B
3 8 9 -B
B U S -2
2 8 9 -C B u s C o u p le r
1 8 9 -C B ay
1 52 1 8 9 -T 25 2
2 8 9 -T
1 8 9 -L 2 8 9 -L
F e e d e r-1 F e e d e r-2
Assumption: 89 A,C,L closed, CB-52(feeder 1 &2) closed
CB Maintenance:Cl-389 A,389 B 352
Cl-189 B op 189-A Now feeder charged via Tr bus Now Cl-189-T to bypass the
CB( feeder-1 charged via B/C)
Option-1: With the existing assumption close the isolator 189-T
CB will be bypassed but Line can’t be isolated in case of line fault
Option-2: In normal case both Bus are charged and B/C is closed, So In that case
If we want to do CB maintenance then we have to shift the load from one bus
and CB of bus coupler should be used as a feeder CB
Bus Maintenance:
Close the Bus coupler , close the bus isolator of Bus on which we want to shift
the load and then open the Bus isolator of other Bus.
9
Double Bus With Single Breaker Scheme(DBSB)
Adding more selector switch and putting circuit Breaker
outside of Bus structure result in a double bus arrangement.
Advantage:
Provide much flexibility and reliability than Single Bus scheme
and MT scheme
Any bus can be taken out of service any time without loss of
power.
Any breaker can be taken out of service any time without loss
of power.
Disadvantage:
Require a separate and complicated Bus protective scheme.
Require one more Breaker than the total number of
connection.
Where DBSB type of scheme is used?
Utility 220 kV
BBMB (1) Locations
HVPNL (1) Locations
PSEB (12) Locations
10
D o u b le B u s s c h e m e w ith o n e B re a k e r
(D B S B -1 )
B U S -1
1 8 9-A 2 89 -A 3 8 9-A
3 52
18 9 -B 2 8 9-B
3 8 9-B
B U S -2
15 2 2 52
B u s C ou p le r
Bay
1 89 -L 2 89 -L
1 8 9-T 28 9 -T
F e ed e r-2
F ee de r-1
Maintenance :
D o u b le B u s s c h e m e w ith o n e B r e a k e r
(D B S B -1 )
B U S -1
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
3 5 2
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B
3 8 9 -B
B U S - 2
1 5 2 2 5 2
B u s C o u p le r
B a y
1 8 9 -L 2 8 9 -L
1 8 9 -T 2 8 9 -T
F e e d e r-2
F e e d e r-1
Same as the DBSB but for doing the feeder CB Maintenance
feeder is to be put on Bus –2 as other bypass isolator is
connected with Bus-2
11
Where DBSB-1 type of scheme is used?
Utility 220 kV
J&K (5) Locations
HP (1) Locations
NHPC (2) Locations
RRVPNL (1) Locations
D ouble Bus schem e w ith one Breaker
(D BSB -2)
BU S-1
189-A 289-A 389-A
352
189-B 289-B 389-B
BU S-2
152 252 B us Coupler
B ay
289-L
189-L
Feeder-1 Feeder-2
12
Maintenance :
D o u b le B u s s c h e m e w ith o n e B r e a k e r
(D B S B -2 )
B U S -1
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
3 5 2
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B 3 8 9 -B
B U S -2
1 5 2 2 5 2 B u s C o u p le r
B a y
2 8 9 -L
1 8 9 -L
F e e d e r-1 F e e d e r-2
Bus Maintenance same as DBSB
CB Maintenance Not possible
Where DBSB-2 type of scheme is used?
Utility 400 kV 220 kV
BBMB (13) Locations
DVB (20) Locations
HP (4-) Locations
HVPNL (18) Locations
NHPC (2) Locations
Locations
PSEB (4) Locations
RRVPNL (11) Locations
UP (8) Locations
Uttranchal (2) Locations
13
Comparison of all the Double Bus Scheme
M A IN A N D T R A N S F E R B U S S C H E M E Double Bus schem e with one Breaker and
M A IN B U S
Bypass Isolator
18 9-A 28 9-A
3 8 9-A
1 52 2 52
3 52
18 9 -B 28 9-B
3 89 -B
1 8 9-T 2 89 -T
Bus C oupler
T R A N S FE R B U S B ay
Feed er-1 F eeder-2
U S E D: H S E B -D AD R I
F e ed er-1
Fe ed er-2
Used :P SEB (220), BB MB (220)
Double Bus scheme with one Breaker
Double Bus scheme with one Breaker
Bus Coupler
Bay
Bus Coupler
Bay
Feeder-2 Feeder-1 Feeder-2
Feeder-1
Used :JK, NHPC
Used :DTL, SEB ,PSEB, NTPC, NJPC (400) station
14
Maintenance
D O U B L E B U S W IT H T W O B R E A K E R S C H E M E
(D B D B ) B U S -1
1 8 9 -A 2 8 9 -A 3 8 9 -A
1 5 2 -A 2 5 2 -A 3 5 2 -A
1 8 9 -C 2 8 9 -C
3 8 9 -C
1 8 9 -D 2 8 9 -D 3 8 9 -D
1 5 2 -B 2 5 2 -B 3 5 2 -B
1 8 9 -B 2 8 9 -B 3 8 9 -B
B U S -2
F e e d e r-1 F e e d e r-2 F e e d e r-3
Bus Maintenance:Feeder is always connected with 2 Bus so
opening of breaker connected to a Bus will free the Bus which
we want for Mainteance
CB Maintenance :One feeder is connected to 2 Bus via 2 CB so
any one can be taken out for Maintenance any time.
Double Bus scheme with two breaker(DBDB)
This scheme uses two Breaker for each feeder
Advantage:
Flexible operation
High Reliability
Either main Bus can be taken for Maintenance at any
time.
Bus failure does not remove any circuit from service
Each connection served by two breakers providing greater
reliability .
Disadvantage
2 Breaker/ Circuit increases the cost
Protection should trip 2 circuit breaker to isolate fault so
probability of failure to clear the fault increases
Cost is highest
15
Where DBDB type of scheme is used?
Utility 400kV
BBMB (2) Locations
DVB (2) Locations
16
Maintenance
:
Bus Maintenance:Since Bus coupler is closed .Other Bus isolator
can be closed and we can free any Bus.
CB Maintenance :First TBC Bay is to be charged then 89-C isolator
is closed After that Line isolator is open. Line CB is now free for
maintenance.
Double Main &Transfer Bus Scheme(DMT)
There is three Bus Bus 1, Bus 2 and transfer bus.
Advantage
As compare to main & transfer bus scheme it is more reliable
and flexible
Maintenance of any breaker can be done by first charging the
Line via TBC bay (on-line) and then outing the main breaker .
Maintenance of any Bus is possible here.
Disadvantage
In case of any bus failure only some bay will be lost as the
load is equally distributed on two bus so other lines via other
bus will be charged .
If the bus via which line is charged trips line will be out
17
Where DMT type of scheme is used?
Utility 400kV 220 kV
DVB (2) Locations
Powergrid (1) Locations All station except Malerkotla (SB)
NTPC (1) Locations (9) Locations
UP (11)-Locations (29) Locations
Uttranchal (1) Locations (2) Locations
18
Maintenance :
Ring Bus Scheme (RB)
Advantage:
Simplest and least expensive bus design
It provides 2 bus protection of each transmission element
At location where there are several source of power from local
generating stations or other sources and with several lines that
primarily supplies loads. Reliability can be enhanced by
alternating source and load lines connected to the bus
Disadvantage:
With one section out remaining section are equivalent to single
bus with sectionalizing circuit breaker
19
Where RB type of scheme is used?
Utility 400 kV 220 kV 132 kV
BBMB (2) Locations
PSEB (2) Locations
UP (1) Locations (1) Locations
20
Maintenance
:
Bus Maintenance:Feeder is always connected with 2 Bus via 2
CB, Opening of CB connected to other bus will free the bus for
Maintenance
CB Maintenance :One feeder is connected to 2 Bus via 2 CB so
any one can be taken out for Maintenance any time.
21
One & Half Transfer Breaker Scheme (B-1/2)
There is two Bus 1 & Bus 2 .
For two bay there are three breaker so for any Bay/Line there
is two breaker. It means one breaker is shared by two bay
that’s why name is 1& ½ Breaker scheme.
Advantage:
As compared to other scheme it is more reliable and flexible
At any time line is charged via two buses so maintenance of
any breaker can be done without interrupting the power flow.
In case of any bus failure line will not be out as it will be
charged via other bus.
Bus Maintenance is easy.
The only disadvantage is its cost.
Diagram of Bay
LA LA
WT WT
22
Bus Reactor connection
Where B-1/2 type of scheme is used?
Utility 400 kV
BBMB (1) Locations
Powergrid All S/S except srinagar
NTPC (3) Locations
RRVPNL (5) Locations
23
Summary
Bus Type Reliability Bus Mtce w/o CB Mtce w/o Relative cost Remarks
/flexibility Power Power
interruption interruption
possible(Y/N) possible(Y/N)
SB Simple N N Low
MT More than N Y Higher I bay has 3 isolator but
SB than SB bus conductor is of lower
quality
DBSB-2 More than Y N Higher I bay has 3 isolator
MT than MT
DBSB-1 More than Y Y Higher than I bay has 4 isolator
DBSB DBSB-2
DBSB Improved Y Y Higher than I bay has 5 isolator
DBSB
RB Minimum N Y Higher than With one CB out
structure DBSB equivalent to SB with
required sectionizer.Complexity
increased for relaying
DMT Better than Y Y Higher than
DBSB/RB DBSB/RB
B-1/2 Flexibility y y Higher
and good
reliability
DBDB Highest y y Highest
reliability
24
