FOREST ECOSYSTEM

PRE-BOARD EXAM 2014

1. Clay soil can be classified as such if it has at least ______% of clay particles by weight.
a. 30 c. 40
b. 10 d. 70
2. Purpling of the leaves and stunted growth is caused by phosphorous deficiency volcanic ash soils such as
those around volcanoes has higher phosphorous content.
a. All statement are false
b. The first statement is true; the second is false.
c. All statement are true.
d. The first statement is false; the second is true.
3. _______ is the process employed to identify potential pests or pathogens and the likelihood of their
presence in the area where the species will be planted.
a. Biological risk assessment
b. Species trial
c. Provenance trial
d. Environmental impact assessment
4. If they are totally exposed to the sun, tropical soils are highly susceptible to physical degradation.
a. Statement 2 is false, statement 1 is true
b. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
c. All statement are true
d. All statement are false
5. _______is the measure of the ability of a substance in the soil to transfer heat.
a. Soil conductivity c. Soil convection
b. Thermal conductivity d. Specific conductivity
6. Natural selection principles was formulated by_________
a. Linneuos c. Charles Darwin
b. Robert Hooke d. Martin Bross
7. The testing of isolated organism by inoculation into healthy trees of the same species in the area or region
where the organism were isolated.
a. Grafting test c. Serological test
b. Surgical operation d. Cervical test
8. These are macronutrients needed for plant growth and development.
I. Magnesium III. Iron
[Link]
a. II & III c.I & III
b.I, II & III d. I & II
9. The following objectives refers to tree improvement.
I. Assurance of the availability of materials needed.
II. Genetic improvement and cultivation of selected plants.
III. Improvement of genetic base of species.
a. I & III c. I & II
10. The soil type that has the highest water holding capacity.
a. Loam c. Clay
b. Humus d. Silt

11. The study of life history and general characteristics of forest trees and stands with particular reference to
environmental factors is silvics. Silviculture is the amount of producing and tending a forest.
a. All statement are true
b. The first statement is true, the second is false
 c. All statement are false
d. The second statement is false, the second is true
12._______are areas which assures the natural conditions to protect the nationality significant species, group
of species and biotic communities.
a. Wildlife Sanctuary c. National park
b. Natural Park d. Natural forest reserve
13. a strip of about 10 meters wide on which all inflammable vegetation’s is before the dry season to reduce
fire hazard in plantation is referred to as a firebreaks, on the other hands refers to vegetation’s of les
flammable species with dense foliage, planted closely around 20 meters, which provide protection to the
sensitive stands. a. Both statement are false.
b. Both statement are true.
c. The first statement is false while the seconds true.
b. The first statement is true, the second is false 2.
14. The ration of Apitong to Guijo in the forests in 7:6 and the ratio of Guijo to Red Lauanis 5:3. What is the
ratio of Apitong to Red Lauan?
a. 7:3 b. 6:5
c. 35:18 d. 21:11
15. A species that provide protection to other species, usually through habitat preservation.
a. Presentive species c. Umbrella species
b. Flagship species d. Indicator species
16. The unit of vegetation which includes not only the plants and animals also all the physical and chemical
components of the immediate environment habitat.
a. Ecotone c. Bioregion
b. Ecosystem d. Ecotourism
17. El Nino phenomenon has characteristics of:
a. Brings massive flooding
b. Triggers soil erosion
c. Brings drought and extreme dryness
d. Brings heavy downpour
18. This is not considered as possible seed production area.
a. Trees in the stand are not yet in their reproductive stage.
b. Middle age stand
c. Trees are already in their reproductive stage.
d. Areas with trees which have large surface.
20. This is not a characteristics of a genotype.
a.
b.
c.
d. An individual heredity constitution without phenotypic expression.
21. Natural parks are relatively large areas not materially altered by human activity wherein extractive
resources area are not allowed. Such areas are maintained to protect the outstanding natural and scenic areas
of national and international significance for scientific, educational and recreational use.
a. Both statement are true.
b. Both statement are false.
c. The first statement is true, the second is false.
d. The first statement is false while the second is true.
22. It is the variety of life on earth and evolutionary processes that sustain life on earth is.
a. Species c. Fauna
b. Biological diversity d. Flora
23. The following symptoms is exhibited by leaf blight.
I. Spotting
II. Sudden witting
[Link] of leaves, flowers or entire plant
 a.I & III c.I, II & III
b. I & III d. II & III
24. Biotic and Abiotic elements composes the Ecosystem. The functions of the abiotic elements are:
I. Involved in energy absorption
II. Involved in the release of chemical substances
III. Involved in forming communications
a. I, II & III c. I & II only
b. II & III only d. I & III only
25. The physical environment and the assemblage of organisms where there is exchanges of energy and
matter is________
a. Biome c. Biota
b. Ecosystem d. Ecosite
26.________is the water input to the earth surface.
a. Precipitation c. Absorption
b. Evaporation d. Evapotranspiration
27. These are the silvicultural prescription needed for roughing in seed production areas.
I. Crop trees should be released to full sunlight on at least three sides.
II. Leave all trees with good phenotypes.
III. Remove all trees of inferior phenotypes if there are intensive opening.
IV. Remove some good phenotypes so that the remaining ones may receive enough light.
a. I, III & IV c. I, II & IV
b. I, II & III d. II, III & IV
28. The act of living together of two or more organisms, benefiting one while harming the other.
a. Commensalism c. Parasitism
b. Biotic regression d. Nudation
29. There are the proper arrangements of process in the hydrologic cycle with rain as:
a. II, III, I and IV c. III, I, IV, and II
b. I, IV, II and III d. IV, ii, III and I
30. The important Philippine tree species producing dye area Agoho and Talisay.
Agohoprodcues____________dye while talisayproduces______________dye.
a. Brown-red c. Yellow-brown
b. Red-brown [Link]-yellow
31. Nitrogen fixation maybe symbiotic or non-symbiotic. Nitrogen fixation is the microbial conversion of
nitrogen to NH4 which can be readily utilize by plants.
a. All statements are true
b. All statements are false
c. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
d. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
32. This is a kind of fungi found to cause post emergence of damping off and stem rot in selected species.

a. Aspergillusniger c. Fusariummoniliforme
b. Methane d. Nitrogen oxide
33. __________si a result of deforestation which contributes to global warming.
a. Carbon dioxide c. Chloroflourocarbon
b. Methane d. Nitrogen oxide
34. Water present in the soil is determined by rainfall and soil character.__________ is the water held by the
soil particles after capillary water has been removed.
a. Run-off water c. Stemflow
b. Gravitational water d. hygroscopic water
35. This is a type of forest that may not be utilized for timber production that includes old growth, mossy
forest and others:
a. Forest reserve c. Cloud forest
b. Production forest d. Protection forest
36. These are all the pest except:
a. Insect c. Pathogens
b. Man d. Microorhiza
37. Fungi
I. Do nto contain chlorophyll
II. Live as parasites
III. Makes their own food
a. II and II c.I, II and III
b.I and III d. I and II
38. the field of science that concerns in studying the vegetation and productive part of the tree and their
development.
a. Tree improvement c. Tree morphology
b. Plant taxonomy d. Dendrology
39. An autotroph has a characteristic as:
I. An organism that synthesizes its own food
II. Its secretion has an inhibitory effect to other organism.
a. I only c. I and II
b. II only d. Neither I nor II
41. Scientists have stated that the volume composition of representative of soil in optimum condition for plant
growth would approximate 50% pore space. What does this mean?
a. 45% water and 5% air c. 35% water and 15% air
b. 25% water and 25% air d. 45% air and 5% water
42 The technique to produce the severity of the disease chemical or physical method
a. Therapy c. Eradication
b. Development of plants resistant to disease d. Avoidance
43.________is the sudden wilting and toppling over of seedling as a result of extensive necrosis of stem near
the soil line.
a. Spot c. Damping-off disease
b. Firing d. Scorch
44. it is the process by which water penetrates into the soil.
a. Interception c. Infiltration
b. Soilogy d. Interception
45. the species affected with cancer disease manifest:
I. Girdled branches
II. Necrosis of leaves
[Link] bark cracks
a.I and II c. II and III
b.I and II d. I, II and III
46. The fruit of Narra is considered as_____________.
a. Schizocarp c. Follide
b. Samara d. Caryyopsis
47. The part of the embryo above the point of attachment of the cotyledons upon which growth forms the
shoot of the plant.
a. Endosperm c. Epicotyl
b. Periderm d. Hypocotyl
48._______are plants, animals or micro organism that is confined to a particular geographic boundary
while________are restricted to a certain geographical area.
a. Endemic-uncommon species
b. Endemic-rare species
c. Vulnerable-endangered species
d. Rare- uncommon species
49. The following actions may lead to astonishing levels of species diversity and biological specialization.
 I. Struggle for nutrients
II. Competition between preadator and prey
II. Competition between hervibores and plants
a. II and III c.I and II
b.I, II & III d. I and III
51.__________is a method or reducing water evaporation from the soil by spreading the soil a layer of
materials such as straw, dead leaves and papers.
a. Layering c. Mulching
b. Roughing d. Girdling
52. The following are only the preventive measures in regulating damping off disease
I. Avoid overcrowding of seedlings
II. Place the seedlings in more than 50% shade
III. Use dried leaves and litter of organic matters.
a. I, II and III c. I and II
b.I and III d. None of the above
53. the basic unit of organic entity environment interaction resulting from the complex interplay of living and
non-living elements of the temporal and spatial dimension is known as___________.
a. Biogenesis c. Ecosystem
b. Biosporengia d. Nutrients cycle
54. This term in higher plants refers to the irreversible increase in volume along particular axis.
a. Root- shoot ratio c. Elongation
b. Growth d. Assimilation
55. Why is it that the main advantage of establishing a rapid development plantation.
I. Little competition from seeds
II. Good supply of nutrient
III. Little water is evaporated
a. I, II and III c. I & II
b. II & III d. II & III
56. The international Union for the conservation of nature (IUCN) reported the 11, 046 endangered and
extinct plant and animal species in about 8.44 % in the Philippines: what is the estimate in terms of number
species.
a. 995 c. 994
b. 932 d. 98
57._________is the application of preventive and control techniques minimized.
a. Insect control c. Pest management
b. Forest entomology d. Pest outbreak
58. The event that occurs when discharge of stream overflows from a water channel is.
a. Landslide c. Flood
b. Erosion d. Pith
59. This is not a method for testing seed viability.
a. Purity test c. Germination test
b. Progeny d. Aspection
60. The following functions of the protected Area Management Board mandated by RA 7586) (NIPAS Law).

a. I & II only c. II & III only

b. I & III only d. I, II & III
61. The upper limit of the water holding capacity of the soil.
a. Saturation point c. Field penetration
b. Field capacity d. Maximum capacity
62._________is the home of an organism in all its dimensions of have it fits into and makes a living its natural
ecosystem.
a. Biosphere c. Necrology
b. Niche d. Homebound
63. Conifers are cone-bearing plants. Dicot plants has a taproot system.
a. All statement are false
b. All statement are true
c. The first statement is true, the second is false
d. The first statement is false, the second is true
64._________is the species best suited for fuelwood production.
Species Calorific Content (keal/kg)
I. Eucalyptus deglupta 4,200-4,600
[Link] 4,700-4,800
[Link] auriculiformis 4,800-4,900
[Link] orientalis 4,000-4,500
a. I c. III
b. II d. IV
65. The following are caused by micro-fungi.
I. Reduction of seed germination
II. Decay and loss of seed viability
[Link] of nursery seedlings
a. II and III c.I & II
b.I II and III d. I & III
66. The overgrowth due to abnormal increase in the number of cells.
a. Atrophic symptoms c. Necrotic symptoms
b. Hypertrophic symptoms d. Endemic symptoms
67. MoluccauSau suffers stem disease caused by.
I. Carticumsalmonicolor
II. Uromycladiumtepperium
III. Septorialui
a.I and II c.I and III
b. II and I d. I, II & III
68. Diospyrusferrea belongs to Ebenacea family of trees and grows in rocky areas. The common name is.

a. Ferreas c. Ebony
b. Ebonei d. Pyrea
69._______is a vegetative strips that provides additional protective layer to the forest.
a. Firebreak c. Greenbelt
b. Buffer zone d. Fireline
70. The Philippines is considered as a megadiverse country because:
I. it is rich area in terms of biodiversity
II. Due to the archepelogic nature of the country
71. It is referred to as a decomposing organic matter that is at a stage where its constituents are already
indistinguishable.
a. Pith c. Humus
b. B-layer d. Duff
72. A type of soil less than 15% of slit and clay with light in texture and can hold less water and minerals but
more air.
a. Clay c. Sandy
b. Sandy loam d. Loam
73. These are the requirments of suitable species for soil erosion control.
I. It must be straight-boled
II. Should have deep and wide spread root system
III. Must be able to witstand long dry season
a. II and III c.I and II
b. I, II and III d. II and III
74. An area not allowed for extraction to protect outstanding natural and scenic area of national and
international significance for scientific, educational and recreational use is____________.
a. Research center c. Natural Park
b. National Park d. Game refuge
75. What can you recommend to control the root rot problems of Gmelna?
I. Expose seedlings to direct sunlight
II. Expose the seedlings to partial sunshine
III. Provide sufficient air circulation
a. II and III c. I and II
b.I and III d. I, II and III
76. Room that protrude vertically above the ground are preumatophores exhibited by:
I. Avicenea spp. III. Brungierra spp.
II. Sonneratia spp. IV. Rhizophora spp.
77. The breaking down of complex compounds of dead protoplasm, absorb products of decomposition and
release inorganic nutrients are the functions of organisms known as: a.
Compagagophs c. Xyphagophs
b. Saprotrophs d. Autotrophs
78. the average growth of Azadiractaexcelsa is 10 cm/yr. in diameter and 2 cm/yr in height. What is its growth
th
in height expressed in meter after 10 years if an 8 years onwards the average growth was reduced to 1.5
cm/yr only. a. 0.185 c. 18.5
b. 1.85 d. 185
79. The site of photosynthesis which is the cellular organelle of plants that contains chloroohyll.
a. Chloroplast c. Ribosome
b. Choloroflouroplast d. Mitochondria
80. The pest control tactics being practiced to minimize damages except_______is:
a. planting of insect repellant species
b. avoid the establishment of monoculture plantation
c. regulate forest composition
81.__________is a symptoms when dark mycelia appears on the surface of necrotic spot.
a. Scorch c. Blotch
b. Wilting d. Damping-off
82. It is known as the collective term for corolla and calyx.
a. Pestilence c. Floweriath
b. Perianth d. Sepal
83. Buffer zones provides extra protection against storm. It promotes sustainability of use of wild plant and
animal species by local communities.
a. All statement are false
b. All statement are true
c. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
d. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
84. Bagras is a large tree with leaves which are opposite or nearly opposite in young trees and alternate in
mature trees. The fruit is small and contain numerous minute seeds.
a. All statement are true
b. All statement are false
c. The first statement is false, the second is true
d. The first statement is true, the second is false
85. This determines the incidence, severity and degree of damage of the pest or disease or other agents to the
crop of the forest stands as a whole.
a. Reporting c. Disease assessment
b. Forecasting d. Modeling
86. The movement of various materials within a plants is translocation. It is dependent on light, temperature
and water.
a. All statement are true
 b. All statement are false
c. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
d. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
87. A unit of organic entity – environment interaction resulting from the complex interplay of the living
elements in a specified spatial dimension.
a. Biogeocycle c. Nutrient cycle
b. Ecosystem d. Ecosis
88. These plants are classified as __________if the male and female parts are found in separate plants.
a. Dicots c. Dioecious

b. Monoecious d. Duplex
89. Genetic resources collected from in – situ sources includes population of both wild and domesticated
species. Genetic resources from ex – situ sources may or many not have originated in the Philippines.
a. All statement are false
b. All statement are true
c. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
d. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
90._________are classic example of pencil – like roots.
a. Proproots c. Pneumatophores
92. These are bird of prey and referred as raptors.
I. They regulate the population of snakes, wild rodents and other snakes
II. They have massive beak
III. Philippine eagle is an example
a. II & III only c. I, II & III
b.I & III only d. I & II only
93. Attacks KatoanBangkal while MollucanSau is attacked by Gull rust
a. The first statement is false, statement 2 is true
b. The first statement is true, statement 2 is false
c. All statement are true
d. All statement are false
94. Is the environmental factor that trigger the influx of potassium ions into the cells and causes the opening
of stomata.
a. Temperature c. Light
b. Wind d. Water
95.________are cells capable of active cell division and different specialized tissues.
a. Vascular cambium c. Phellogen
b. Maristem d. Cholorenchyma
96. It is known as ______when the necrotic tissue within a leaf spot from the surrounding tissues
while______is that when dark the surface of a necrotic spot.
a. Spot – shot hole c. Blight – blotch
b. Shothole – blotch d. Blight – specks
97. The abnormal cycllca weather that causes the warming of tropical equatorial range of the pacific ocean.

a. El Nino c. Red title

b. La Nina d. Drought
98. These are the relationships of mycorrhiza and the plants.
I. The fungi are supplied with photosynthesis by the plant
II. Plants allow fungi to undergo nutrient cycling
III. The fungi interacts with the root tissue
a. II & III only c. I & III only
b. I, II & III d. II & III only
99. Silvicultural treatment that aims to free a stand below the sapling stage competing unwanted plant species
that threaten to suppress them.
 a. Improvement cutting c. Thinning
b. Release cutting d. Prunning
100. This is not a characteristics of a good mother trees which are sources quality planting materials.
a. it shall be a dominant tree
b. it has a well – balanced crown
c. it is free from pests and diseases
d. it can be between young to over – mature tree in terms of age

1. A 21. B 41.A 61.D 81. C

2. C 22. A 42.C 62.B 82.
3. A 23. A/B 43.C 63.A 83. B
4. C 24. A 44.C 64.A 84. B
5. B 25. A 45.C 65.B 85. C
6. C 26. A 46.C 66. B 86. A
7. D 27. A 47.A 67.C 87. B
8. C 28. C 48.B 68. C 88 C
9. 29. 49. C 69. C 89. B
10. C 30. D 50. 70. 90.
11. A 31. D 51.A 71.D 91.
12. A 32. D 52.C 72.B 92. A
13. A 33. A 53.A 73.B 93. D
14. B 34. D 54.B 74.C 94. C
15. B 35. A 55.B 75.A 95. B/D
16. A 36. D 56.B 76.D 96. C
17. C 37. B 57.C 77.B 97. C
18. A 38. A 58.A 78.A 98. B
19. 39. A 59.D 79.A 99. B
20. 40. 60. 80. A 100. D