‘AD 2000-Merkblatt es 23.0200 October 2000 edition [pressure vessels Pressure vessels made ‘AD 2000-Merkbiatt made of of electro-graphite non-metal materials and hard burned carbon N2 ‘ne 402000 artes are prepares byte seven assests stag DAW wh ogeEe fr e “aBetsgEMolneenaR LIUeKBeREIET (AD) Drestuchsoare a epptcaionof tho AD 2000 Goay fags and ho rcedra gla: accu Oy AD 200 Hera 1 The AO 2000-Hentater contin steyrequiamens 9 be met under nomalcoeatngcanaiens. abore-rorml facings arto be expected ding he operation of ne pressure vessel, tis shai be iten sf scocunl by Deeley Spee! equraman {tere ave ary cueegences nom te requramants mag AD avoDArAIeR,& sal posse to pave nat the Stancare 2 say {hs body of equations has Doan meinanen by oer means. ey materals fst, ens, sess ana, operating experince Faohuorband Damptonea!, Rehr ued Reteiangst au 8. {FDA Odeeenort Haupovrband der owarotaen Beragenasscnaanater 9, Sant Augasi Veraand der Chemocan industa eC), Feniaria Varnand Deutscter Maschinen und Aniagenba @. (DUA), Fachgemelischat Varabrensrehatsche Maschinen cea Apparat, ance Verein Dtsch Bsurtniteravte YOR), Duscomort a8 Pawerte0n Essen Verbane der Teciscran benrachungs-Verie 6. WATE), Essen ‘vrs entine oain wpe Ne AO 2G eer te wi Men rE, se eens ey ope nis tome pubis Verband der Technischen Dbenvachungs-Vereine eV, P.O. Box 103834, D-45038 Essen. Gontents 0 Ferewort 1 Soope 2 General 2 Marorals 4 Testing 5 Marking 6 Certcation of gusty 7 Strength value 0 Foreword ‘The AD 2000 boxy of regulations can be apie lo sasty ‘the base safely raqurements of the Preasure Equiment Direcive, princally for tha conlommity assaesment in ‘accordance with Modules "" and "B+ F ‘Te AD 2000 son of regulations i strcturd along tha ine ofa sai contained concept I ine tacnnical rine are ues im accordance wth the see the eg Solve tele O0- Tams, tis aesuree that ho cxerall coroapl has dean iaken ip acount “The AD 2000 nowy ofragulatons can ue used a appropsas {or eer medulas ofthe Pressure Equipment Dtacive otf aiterent soctre of ths law. Respertatsity for testing & 28 specffedinthe prousionsoftheralevantsestore/thelaw. 1 Scope 1.4 This AD [Link] apoio eiectro-graphite and hao burned carson, imperious 12 gases andor bud, 23 8 Design principles 9 Talorances and euro fish 10 Pressure testing 1 Lkeawe Annare 1: Speciman of an impaction cer Annex 2 Explenatoyy nots on AD 2000-Merkbat N 2 ‘Annex 3: Test specifoatons smatenals for the manufacture of pressure veesals, parts Pressure veasals ard firings eubyorted Yo preseure, wich ‘16 opersed 81 wall tompetclures ranging for ~60°C "400°C, the imi forthe maximum wallerpar atures ofthe rmaterals being fxed according 10 the expert opmion of the tlovant tnd pony 1.2. Tho mattis shall be selected lo coreapend 10 the purpose. taking Into account the mecanical herma? and heme demands made cn ther. 19)_Inthe case of pressure vesse's marie trom slecte-qrs- hie or hard burned carson, 38 a rule te Kooy Mr Sly to tha maximum allowable pressure: 25 bar for exchangers of block construction 16 bar for tubular axehargers 10 bar for hollow eyinders up to NW 209, with intemal pressure 5 barior hillow cylinders over NW 200, with internat pressure nec moar 0 er [cst sum re ta ino me Garren to oy val . | ht eeral ces en aie we ered ote Sat Kops ean haa eee ‘AOA Medea esac cgi The are lua petal an waren si, sancti, wma ae Fetes muted auc ofthe vereaaen bat meshes oe bs oad yey onal a aca)“Whar for hollow cyl up to NW 200, wih external pressure [Link] for hollow oylnders over NW 205, wth extemal proseurs In the case of Irsemal pressures greater tan 0,6 bar ane ‘exer pressures great thar 1 barn general tne folowing -nthenstee! proces al tha vasael eseaoty Vii and ‘he maximum allowable pressure PS. bat shal nt be exceed Inthe one of tena pressure: VPS = 65C00 bar «Line Inthe case of enteral ressur ¥- AS ~ 100000 bar Lire Far deviations rom hese stipulations, tw ageament of ths relevent htc pary shal be obzeined 114 tthe materials are used fo" lading arth armouring vihich scbstemally bears the siesses, fe ove bite do rot appl 2 General 24 olecito graphite or hard burned carbon are sod as ‘ratarials for pressure vessels, pas of pressure vasse's cr tings, elt speci properlesshal be taken inte sezount 22 A prorequsts for tio manufacture af sloste graphite fel ara burned carbon is thatthe producing factory is Edecuaiely experienced. lalprout of his shale provided to te relsvant rd party 23 Vessels under pressure, pasts of vessels and fitings made from electe-g'aphie or hard bumed cerban are used by prelerence because ofthe righ ressiance to corrosion of thera materiale, They are reseia te aos all owarie anc inorganis acia, provided that those media Go nct Rave a ‘tong oxidising aston. 24 Themacrlaiscrectabstie nature: hey are Insensitive Te tomporature changes. Peak steseas shale het as low as posite by a sutabe cesign. 25. The manutecture of semfinished articles) is caried ‘eat wih the pregedtes usual in Ine caramicinéusiy, euch fs onfrsion presses or biock presses. Pars with comel- filed shapes can 62 made trom seminighad articles by aching, 2.6. Nomdetachable oirsin pans are made 2e cementing. ‘ad the svengincharaetenstce one a shall e gu ted 9 be é[Link] nial proof of is shel be provided ‘he eleva thie pany 27 Detachable joints can be mads by maane of, among other trings, anchor Bots, er bol and flanges. e.g. made ‘rom steel, wit, as a rule, Soh gasket) eng used. a Materials 8.1 Definitions and eharacteritics 21-1 nthe case of nerd bumed oarbon and elactre-gra hit material, a lstincion is arawn benneaa the to kines fol mater ~ "inprenneted” anc "nansrpragnateg” {Ta talon chow nie, st oo pn and ck ‘AD '2000-Merk blall (1) impregnated eect graphite and impragrated hard ‘burned carbon extion certain drop intel strength as the temperature increases, The amount otis op in ongt anche lmtatthermarinum alowablewtore petalute depene on he impregnating mad, £2) Non-imoregnated eiestre-granite end non-oregnsted hard burned earaan exhidt no dp in strength as she temperature incroases, 3.1.2. Electo-graphite anc hard burred carbon are divided ino thetollowingstergt classes, dependingontheaverege vale of the tensa strength at 20°C: 41) In siegs of 2Nmm? in the range of tensile stength between 4Niton? to 20Nimin?, ad 42) i eps of +N? from a tare strangth of 20 Nm pst ‘The gtacinglno tre strength classos|s caniedoutby means ofthe average value oblainedin accondance with 43 Beviar ‘ans of i cual values from tne average vahio by = 20955, are pomissitio 22 Initial proof of quality characterstica For each ind aimetetal ane each impregnatingredlum, in ‘al procf ofthe anges in srength with retemperature the Felatianahp oF he bending strangth ta the toneie tren, and re mam wal temperature shalbe proviged by he ‘anylaciura tothe elevant tne party Fortas, workreports an be recognise, 88 Abhenvintest designation af mot Anbrevieled designations ara used er meal these the Inter K moans hara burrod carbon andthe jatar G oct ‘graphite, The fist number felowing the fete incieates the ‘ower rat of the range of iva srength class et 20°C in Nim tha seeand aumbertne drapin tis valuein perth same aor 10°0 nao in temoeratue, anche third number the ‘maximum permissible wal erperetue. Thus, for nsance 2 roneimpyegrated hard burned ceibon with a toes strongth of €Xman, having ne deop in strength as tha tar peratute ra, ane wih & raxinurm permite wall tome peratute of 400°C ig decigratod a Ke-o-400 andl sn inpragnated eiscirosgaphit wth aisnsilastrenth OL 18Nme, a drop in strength of 8% ard a mapamum wall ‘emperalure of 200°C le dectgnated ae G16-8-200 4 Testing 44_The fast paces for cotermining the properes ot ihe ‘material stall be taken fom seri-fnished ances. I hiss Impossible, te test pieces shall be taken from on compa~ rable pera othe energa". 42. For each charge the tensile svergth or bending lrength and i necsssary tho comprocsive stent ir tha shape and diens ons of te test specimens see Annex) are To be determines et room tamperaiur. In the ease pate of sralidimensions oraitnshnwalltick hesiea, 9 Mees, he bencing elengih ering tense ‘stengit Is determined insieacof te lensie [Link]- Fra apeal crests?ing flats strong classes, a species n 3.12, is cared fu on tre bass of tne bancing srangth cue account deing ‘aker of te relationship behween the bending sire and ‘he torle song 43 Obiaining the average value and repeat tests 431 From each charge 5 tat piosas are takon, Dacisive {or catermining the tens suengih isthe average value ot the inside reais of Ihe terse task. o¢ respect veh the bbenaing tests caiog out ints lave. Deviations of nciviciual ‘values Ira the average value by # 20% are pennisstte, 432 _fanindivcual value falls Below he average value by ‘more than 20% a replacenent test pisce shal be tested. wo individual values ore resto ne repiacemontteston the inc vival test niece co not meet the requirements, 5 fe theres! pinoos are to betated Wnenthreuiternen, ore ‘ot mt, the products made fom iis charge may be ccs facia lowerstrengh clase, orrejected The decisive value Jor he lower clazeficaton the now avarage vai, cr, an Indivcual vale fers from tha naw avarage value oy mere than 20%, the owes navidLl vals, 42.3. Foroblahing tenet average valve, when texting an intivetal toplacerent lest piece 2 3 complete sot of lest pices, the test places wich have een replace’ are ignored. 434 fone ar wo indluel valuse come above the avee age value by roe than 20%, those aro ‘gnored, ari tha average value is doteined only fom the remelting inchidual 4.4. Teetng tho variations in ice and tho surtaos frit ‘es place as arule curing te fralteston the pressure ves- so 5 Marking 5.1. Inthe caso of samitinishod aricles, covospandenes ‘sith the eeveplance eeente shall be ensure urblthey are ineorperatad in tne pescure vessel. This is core aa 2 le by marking, 5.2 Parts of the fished pressure vessal which have to ‘winstans pressure shall be providad wilh the abbrevcted designation of ne quail of material ane with remran tactu- rer's mark, Inthe case of a 5st by the ralevar Hid pay, fy test stamp shal also be applied. 52.1. ininecase of sal pats shall be contirnad ay the manufactur ina Werks Corloat thatthe requed quality of malevial has bean used. As a ru. no marking is cai fut onthe part. 6 Certification of quality 8.4. Tho tools stipulated in clause 4 ove carried out and rco‘ded by the manufacturer 8s prexivcion pronnoss. The relevant this pany enecks mathe tests re araveryo&esd 8 inching the factory records. For that purpose tean be resent Curing mancfacture and testing, and sail 25 Ip tha corestners ofthe works Testing by marking randoms sts 62 The Kid of quay cerfeate Ig deteminded to the satisfaction of Pe relevant hed pany aye intel testo the “AD 2000-Merkblatt 90 naa 2.10200 wen Pape ‘material and the impregnating mecium in aocordanoo with 32. In ihe case suficlemly wellknown maisias an Inspection certfiaie 3 1 B as DIN £0038") is sutcient in ihe nepectioncorticate are alate only he estes fh ‘ype of tet [tensle or tancina} which are cecisve forthe fgracieg of he materia! nig me strange olsss 63 The manulacturng wore hove to sale in he declarae tion of compliance with the ocderby means of an abrevatec osignaion tho improgneaing medium and the cucity of ‘emert. In addition, in the case of noncelacratle joins, dequaie srengt and terpereiure resistence forthe one” sting conditions eerTesporxting tothe inl proof shill be conirmed by the manufacaung works 7. Strength v 7.1. The strength value K at reom temperature i the bottom lin of he tereie strength range of ea eivongth class 15 ‘he caswel raleialsspectled in3 1.1 (1), thestenghhvae ‘ altorperaiures over 20°C i taken as te strength value ‘at room tomporaturadiminined by the drape fon sirength, and ihe strength values stallbe rounded of down were Ip hundredth. At temperatures below + 20°C, the strong value K shal be ter as at +20°C, 7.2 The influence of time of @ mechanical sess on the sirengin values may be ignored. 8 Design principles 81. For cesign calculations of pressure veseels or parts o! pressure vessels, the 5 seri of ne AD 2000-Merkbhiter are to be 1526, wih the folowing aleations ex adaicns. 82 _ Inthe case of etacro-graphte and hard burned carton ‘he corrosion allowance stipulate in the AD 2000 Mer ‘ars ospensed win, B3._The sufuy coolant Sas concems ne srengin valus in tho gees of the maximum allowable pressure ard the ‘aximum alonabie temperature is S = 9 the oxse of ine lost prossure the safety coatilen’ $= 8S, 8.4_Indesign calulatons for cyindcal shells under exe pal oversecatre, the calevaton cover elasticbuiéing a3 speciiod in AD 2000-Miahsial Bie clspansac with nine design cafeulaion te arevent plastic dalormation the usual stonghn value « ireveasac ay factor of 25 shal be used infermut 01 AD 2000-Merkolet®48 The abeve else apo tos beyond ths scopa of AD 2000 Merktat B6 lo diameter falls 125 20513. 85 _In design calevatons for tu90s undor extemal ovar- pressure in accordance with AD 20OUASKKEH BG, the ‘stent valus K can be increased by a factor of 2 9 Tolerances and surface finish 841 Tolstances shall be agreed upon betwoen the manu lecturer and the eustomettser, othervise ihe Works Stan- lands of the manidactner sph 8.2 Permigsinis deviations where no olrances are statee in accormance wih CAN ISO 2788, “enarse” eagrem of acct- acy, need not be taken rin consideration intr eatin, ‘Any otherone” wal ceases shall 3e eke io canard:93 Agreement srallbe reached benewon tre manyacurer ‘ane he customeriiser on re surace nish anc the ada Laity ofslayerot impregnating mecium an the surizeacethor ‘wise thai eR to Ine manutacirer 10 Pressure testing 410.1 The testpresoure ie 1 threa tha maxirum awe ‘ressure. tn tho eaco of proseuras up ¥ bar the test ps: ‘sure shall exceed! the msvimum allovable prassure by not less than 9.3 ba, 102 its not possible at the manviacurer's wets to angomibe a pressure veeoe for Ine purpose of syn cut ‘hepresure ea, tne foe can'be donecn the inchdual pans, The requirements cf 10.1 apaly forthe valuss ofthe testpres- 10.3. Before putting the p-assura vessel nto service shall be subjected fo @ pressure tat in tne assembled ceestion ‘onto aractn sien tha presance ce relevant tid party 17 Literature: Linder, A: Graphs en Onuokbehstertau, esha. Uperwach. 9 (1968) No.1, pages 1214ac em enbae 2, 19D Pape Annex 1 to AD 2000-Merkbtatt N 2 Inspection certificate th reference to DIN EW 19208/2.1.8 Order placed by: Morutactuer: “Tes! uojoet “Testoonsions: ‘AD 2C0-Merlat N 2 Quattyot meri: comesponding t: eaaraeteaty Manulactura’ mark hem Na. [Number of pisces Subject Chargeiiderttcaton No. | Test results Nine |. 8y oureurent tte during manuftchre and by the factory supervision atthe TOV... tls ensured that the chsractensica estarmined by the specifeston ofthe material cusliy are edhored ta. 2, The pars ere impregnated with synthetic re9i7 Type 3, For he cementing of pars 10 Ler NOB = COMBE nn HAS BON uBR, AceURIE Strong ane temporatarerositanes ier ne working eoraions ard tna pressure Tost quarantne. Theo smal parts ave bon manulacturad from lesled corifnishse material of mata quality. Dales. Benne : Mots mapasAnnex 2 to AD 2000-Merkbiatt N 2 Explanatory notes on AD 2000-Merkblatt N 2 Pressure vessels made from electro-graphite and hard burned carbon Fe 2: General Hard burned carbon and clove graphite aro producod as ‘allows: Coke en! pitch oan be used as the raw Matera, Thay are ‘st mixed and tren brought tothe shepe required ter the ‘em Ankned pasts by pressing, Those som-tnssned parts, ‘can a5 green shaginge” ate then barat at about 100020, ‘ot exametein aingucnace. The resutingproductater this burning ig gale “ars burned carbon! lectto-gtephite le mad from hard bureed carton nafurier buringprocessina grapiiisingfurace at about3000°C. ‘As are, the hata aurned carbon and electro-graphite us obiained are not Hight agains! gases andior lauds. The neoateary gactightness and iqaté Aghtnass for presse vessels achieved byimoregnation withasyntneverestn Re 2 and 4: Abbroviated designation of materials and tests In tho example K 6 —0— 409, the 6 nccates the stn logo el nile acenaye tte oangih covers tha ange Deiwsen Gtr: and 7,9N/rwmé. For the next highest stength clase the average tensile stength rane des berween SNimm and 9.6Nreme. Eeteaciig the op mit of thetenale rangi arelevan! strength class ke parviesible roviied that thare are no adverse eects as regares the ‘lop in tana strength wth tersporature and the test of the thernai slresses. Fe: Design prciplee The ratio of the vending sttengn to the tensile strength {bending facta) nthe mater als cal with here i> 18 © sothatin tual higher srangth value K could be used’ nthe cease cl bending strains. As, however, the ealeulations for comasronis of cleelregiaphite cr hard bumed carbon sub> [Reled lo Dencing sess are made, for example, in accord- ‘ance wih AD 2000-Mervbleil 85, the above-rontioncd bencing factors gneve, because he corresponding formu- ‘ee contain « support fant of fhe samp ameunt for deta rarer, In the casa of electro raphite and hare burned carton the ‘at of fe compreasion sirength te th ters skongtt ak least 31 Howover, for dosigncalculaton for ostomal ovarpressura in ‘accordance with AD 2000-Merdolat B6, the factor 25 has beensalected, 99 siocoveranyadeitonalsiregs elles Fe 9: Tolerances and surface finish AS a rua, in the manufacture of components of etectro gra phe and nr sured earacn the werk wilbe carried eatin accontanco wih the pennissble varisions on measure- rents where no tolerances ste slsted. DIN ISO 2768, “caarea" degre of azouracy nthe eesighealalavons Any isinaina of he wal iekneas resulta tom ths aan be ‘grovad because in comparison wh the wal thickness iis very smal | ‘Toa macnining’of workplaces is done as o rule Retore the impregnating, 1 the surfaces of workpieces ae rot alowed ‘ohave any coating of animaregnating medium, tis shallbe agread upon biaen the manulecturer ana Me customer”Annex 3 to AD 2000-Merkblatt N 2 po nouedsie ns 1ozenasem FT Test specifications (Shape of test spscimens of slectro-gaptite and had ‘burned carbon, ard teat prooorhir). 1. Tha tensile strength is ta be ebtained on test specimens. in conforty wth DIN 518%4 (ig. 1), 2. The bending strength hall be determines foentest spect mens of aimerstins 2 < 20% 120mm; the distance Ddelween supports shal be [Link], anc the test pleces lve tobe leated centrally Inthe case of camponents ct small dimensions of low wall thickness specimane of omer, equare erase section fog. 10 x 100" 5 x Sm may be used however, a rato of1 > 916% ba cnservac Delran se cross-sectonal edge length ard the leneth of surlace suppor who testing. the case tbos he ‘ubbe-sections may bg used o obtain habending serge [aupnor inten = 5 x extemal clam} 3, Tho comprassive strangth shall D6 determined on tost specimane ef 20 % 20 » 2Onwn. in the caee at carpo- ents with loner cimensions or lover wall thickrass samples ef eral, square cross soc fog. 10 10% Om. oe 5 5 2 Sen) may be used and in the case of Libes ubessectons flergth = siameta) may be used ‘or determining compressive siength, 4. As oleate-graphite ane harc burned carbon are brite élavais sate measuras sia be ker len sting ‘foavadstesspeaksaltepunts wheretorce lapped Fig.t. Test spocirenPutas: Aestond cer Teicha Ubwahans Yin Ente cory sssen@t nt de Fats aires Source of supply) ag. Carl Heymanns Verlag Lussaburgar Sate 449, D-50639 Kéln ‘Tolefax: 0227-9 43 78.695, Mai: verkeu@[Link]