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What is JVM?
JVM (Java Virtual Machine) is an abstract machine that enables your computer
to run a Java program.

When you run the Java program, Java compiler first compiles your Java code to
bytecode. Then, the JVM translates bytecode into native machine code (set of
instructions that a computer's CPU executes directly).

Java is a platform-independent language. It's because when you write Java

code, it's ultimately written for JVM but not your physical machine (computer).
Since JVM executes the Java bytecode which is platform-independent, Java is
platform-independent.

What is JRE?

JRE (Java Runtime Environment) is a software package that provides Java class
libraries, Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and other components that are required
to run Java applications.

JRE is the superset of JVM.

What is JDK?
JDK (Java Development Kit) is a software development kit required to develop
applications in Java. When you download JDK, JRE is also downloaded with it.

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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In addition to JRE, JDK also contains a number of development tools

(compilers, JavaDoc, Java Debugger, etc).

Relationship between JVM, JRE, and JDK.

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Java Input

import java.util.Scanner;
class Input {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print("Enter an integer: ");
int number = input.nextInt();
System.out.println("You entered: " + number);
// closing the scanner object
input.close();
}
}
Output:
Enter an integer: 23

You entered 23

In the above example, we have created an object named input of the Scanner
class. We then call the nextInt() method of the Scanner class to get an integer
input from the user.

Similarly, we can use nextLong(), nextFloat(), nextDouble(), and next()

methods to get long, float, double, and string input respectively from the user.

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Get float, double and String Input

import java.util.Scanner;

class Input {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

// Getting float input

System.out.print("Enter float: ");

float myFloat = input.nextFloat();

System.out.println("Float entered = " + myFloat);

// Getting double input

System.out.print("Enter double: ");

double myDouble = input.nextDouble();

System.out.println("Double entered = " + myDouble);

// Getting String input

System.out.print("Enter text: ");

String myString = input.next();

System.out.println("Text entered = " + myString);

Output:

Enter float: 2.343

Float entered = 2.343

Enter double: -23.4

Double entered = -23.4

Enter text: Hey!

Text entered = Hey!

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Single-line Comment

A single-line comment starts and ends in the same line. To write a single-line
comment, we can use the // symbol. For example,

// "Hello, World!" program example

Multi-line Comment

When we want to write comments in multiple lines, we can use the multi-line
comment. To write multi-line comments, we can use the /*....*/ symbol. For
example,

/* This is an example of multi-line comment.

* The program prints "Hello, World!" to the standard output.

*/

Write a Java Program to calculate sum and average of two numbers

import java.util.Scanner;
public class Average {
public static void main(String[] args) {

// create Scanner class object

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

// declare two numbers

double num1 = 0;
double num2 = 0;

// declare sum variable

// and initialize with 0
double sum = 0.0;
// declare average variable
double avg = 0.0;

// take two numbers

System.out.print("Enter two numbers: ");
n1 = scan.nextDouble();
num2 um= scan.nextDouble();

// calculate the sum value

sum = num1 + num2;
// calculate the average value
avg = sum/2;

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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// display result
System.out.println("Average: " + avg );
}
}

Write a Java program to calculate a Factorial of a number.

import java.util.Scanner;

class FactorialExample{

public static void main(String args[]){

int i,fact=1;

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

//int number=5;//It is the number to calculate factorial //

int number;

System.out.println("enter the number:");

number = scan.nextInt();

for(i=1;i<=number;i++){

fact=fact*i;

System.out.println("Factorial of "+number+" is: "+fact);

Factorial Program using recursion in java

import java.util.Scanner;

class FactorialExample{

static int Factorial (int n)

if (n == 0)

return 1;

else

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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return(n * Factorial(n-1));

public static void main(String args[]){

int i,fact=1,number;

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

System.out.println("enter the number:");

number = scan.nextInt();

fact=Factorial(number);

System.out.println("Factorial of "+number+" is: "+fact);

Write a Java program to calculate Fibonacci Series up to n term

import java.util.Scanner;

public class Fibonacci{

public static void main(String args[])

int n1=0,n2=1,n3,i,limit;

System.out.println("Enter the limit:");

Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);

limit = scan.nextInt();

System.out.print(n1+" "+n2+" ");

for(i=2;i<limit;++i)

n3=n1+n2;

System.out.print(" "+n3+" ");

n1=n2;

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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n2=n3;

}}

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Java if Statement
class IfStatement {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 10;

// checks if number is less than 0

if (number < 0) {

System.out.println("The number is negative.");

System.out.println("Statement outside if block");

Output

Statement outside if block

Java if with String

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// create a string variable

String language = "Java";

// if statement

if (language == "Java") {

System.out.println("Best Programming Language");

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Output

Best Programming Language

Java if...else Statement

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 10;

// checks if number is greater than 0

if (number > 0) {

System.out.println("The number is positive.");

// execute this block

// if number is not greater than 0

else {

System.out.println("The number is not positive.");

System.out.println("Statement outside if...else block");

Output

The number is positive.

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Statement outside if...else block

Java if...else...if Statement

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int number = 0;

// checks if number is greater than 0

if (number > 0) {

System.out.println("The number is positive.");

// checks if number is less than 0

else if (number < 0) {

System.out.println("The number is negative.");

// if both condition is false

else {

System.out.println("The number is 0.");

Output

The number is 0.

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Nested if...else Statement

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// declaring double type variables

Double n1 = -1.0, n2 = 4.5, n3 = -5.3, largest;

// checks if n1 is greater than or equal to n2

if (n1 >= n2) {

// if...else statement inside the if block

// checks if n1 is greater than or equal to n3

if (n1 >= n3) {

largest = n1;

else {

largest = n3;

} else {

// if..else statement inside else block

// checks if n2 is greater than or equal to n3

if (n2 >= n3) {

largest = n2;

else {

largest = n3;

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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System.out.println("Largest Number: " + largest);

Output:

Largest Number: 4.5

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Java for Loop

Display a Text Five Times

// Program to print a text 5 times

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int n = 5;

// for loop

for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

System.out.println("Java is fun");

Output

Java is fun

Java is fun

Java is fun

Java is fun

Java is fun

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Display numbers from 1 to 5

// Program to print numbers from 1 to 5

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int n = 5;

// for loop

for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

System.out.println(i);

Output

Display Sum of n Natural Numbers

// Program to find the sum of natural numbers from 1 to 1000.

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int sum = 0;

int n = 1000;

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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// for loop

for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {

// body inside for loop

sum += i; // sum = sum + i

System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);

Output:

Sum = 500500

// Program to find the sum of natural numbers from 1 to 1000.

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

int sum = 0;

int n = 1000;

// for loop

for (int i = n; i >= 1; --i) {

// body inside for loop

sum += i; // sum = sum + i

System.out.println("Sum = " + sum);

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT

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Java for-each Loop

The Java for loop has an alternative syntax that makes it easy to iterate through
arrays and collections. For example,

// print array elements

class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// create an array

int[] numbers = {3, 7, 5, -5};

// iterating through the array

for (int number: numbers) {

System.out.println(number);

Output

-5

Ms. Srirupa Das, Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, RCCIIT