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Supernatural Elements in Macbeth

The document analyzes the supernatural elements in Shakespeare's play Macbeth. It discusses how Shakespeare portrayed the supernatural as evil witches with magical powers. The play begins with the three witches predicting Macbeth's future, fueling his ambition. Throughout the play, supernatural visions and apparitions further manipulate Macbeth's actions and lead to his downfall as he becomes overly reliant on the witches' prophecies. The document argues that Shakespeare used the supernatural to guide audiences and demonstrate where evil was present in the story.

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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
740 views3 pages

Supernatural Elements in Macbeth

The document analyzes the supernatural elements in Shakespeare's play Macbeth. It discusses how Shakespeare portrayed the supernatural as evil witches with magical powers. The play begins with the three witches predicting Macbeth's future, fueling his ambition. Throughout the play, supernatural visions and apparitions further manipulate Macbeth's actions and lead to his downfall as he becomes overly reliant on the witches' prophecies. The document argues that Shakespeare used the supernatural to guide audiences and demonstrate where evil was present in the story.

Uploaded by

Manar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • The Supernatural in Macbeth

7/2/2015 The 

Supernatural in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Supernatural in Macbeth

      Everyone has a slightly different interpretation of the supernatural but the interpretation which we can start with
is Shakespeare’s. Everyone of Shakespeare’s time found the supernatural fascinating. Shakespeare interpreted the
supernatural as witches, magic, unnatural and evil and he expressed his beliefs in the play, “Macbeth” very clearly,
as he portrayed the three deformed women with control over the weather and the ability to predict the future. These
three evil witches with magical powers were the creation of Shakespeare’s interpretation of the supernatural.
Shakespeare’s contemporaries believed in the supernatural very strongly and a majority of them were frightened of
it, including the king of that time, King James I of England.

   Since it was an interesting issue which many people of Shakespeare’s time felt they were affected by,
Shakespeare wrote about it. “Macbeth” with its supernatural theme was the 17th century’s equivalent to the modern
day horror movie.

   The play begins with a supernatural scene, where the three witches meet and give many clues as to who they are
or what they have control over,

   “…we three meet again in thunder, lighting or in rain?….When the battle’s lost and won….That will be ere the set
of sun….There to meet with Macbeth.”

   This scene sets the atmosphere for the rest of the play. If this scene was not there it would be difficult for the
audience to understand how later scenes are linked or how these three women can tell Macbeth’s future. Also if
elements of the supernatural were not used in Act 1 Scene 1, as they have been, the witches could not be shown as
sinister and evil. These two elements of horror, “sinister” and “evil” would later be used to explain the cause of the
three witches’ behaviour further on in the play.

    As the play continues the supernatural is used more. Act 1 Scene 3 is Macbeth’s first meeting with the witches,
and is also the first time the audience sees or experiences the witches’ supernatural abilities.

   “All hail to thee, Thane of Cowdor, All hail, Macbeth! That shalt be king hereafter”.

   The witches predict Macbeth’s future and tell him that he shall become the Thane of Cowdor and then king. The
rest of the play is based on this supernatural happening. After learning that Macbeth is to become King of Scotland
the play follows Macbeth’s plot to get rid off King Duncan and then Macbeth’s life after the murder.

   Macbeth is now Thane of Cowdor and has a strong belief in the witches’ predictions. King Duncan is to stay at
Macbeth’s castle. Macbeth is overwhelmed to hear this and travels ahead of the King to warn his wife of King
Duncan’s arrival the following day. Lady Macbeth is aware of Macbeth’s meeting with the witches and what they
have said. She is more wanting of the royal title than her husband, and has deviously plotted to murder the King
during his stay. Again the supernatural is bought in to once again attract the immediate attention of the audience.

   “ Is this a dagger I see before me”,

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7/2/2015 The Supernatural in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

   Macbeth has a vision of a dagger just before he is to murder the King. This surreal vision of  dagger is another
example of the supernatural. This dagger encourages or “pushes” Macbeth to commit the crime. Although it is meant
to encourage Macbeth to do the murder, it is at the same time, showing the audience that what Macbeth is about to
do, although it being obvious, is evil. Shakespeare uses the supernatural to guide the audience to show what evil is.
You begin to notice, as you read through the play, that supernatural is used in all places where evil is present.

   Macbeth is now the King of Scotland since both of Duncan’s sons have fled the country in fear of their lives. The
only obstacle in Macbeth’s path now is his close friend Banquo, because Banquo suspects Macbeth of Duncan’s
murder since he was also present when the witches told of Macbeth’s Kingship,

   “…I fear, thou play’st most foully for’t”.

   Banquo tells Macbeth that he suspects him of the Kings murder, “…Thou play’st foully for’t”, Banquo is clearly
suggesting that Macbeth has played foully to achieve his Kingship. Also, it is not only Macbeth who was given this,
“supernatural soliciting”. The witches also predicted Baquo’s future,

   “Thou shalt get Kings, though thou be none”

   Banquo is told that he will not become a King but he shall be the father of many Kings. This is a problem for
Macbeth because the only way Banquo’s children will become Kings is if the present King, Macbeth, dies and so
Macbeth fears being murdered and being discovered to have murdered King Duncan. So he has Banquo murdered
and on the same night invites him to a feast. Macbeth obviously does not expect Banquo to attend, but Banquo
does attend as a ghost, and through the supernatural Shakespeare shows Macbeth’s fear and guilt. The King,
Macbeth, is about to sit down at his table with his wife and some nobles when he sees no space for himself,
although there is, but according to him a figure seems to be already sitting there, which we later discover is the
ghost of Banquo. Macbeth declares, “What treachery is this, which of you have done this”, his fellows are confused
and some are apprehensive and begin to link King Duncan’s death with Macbeth. But none speak of what they think
instead they try to calm the maddened king. After this supernatural occurrence some, more strongly, believe that
Macbeth had a hand in the Kings murder. This supernatural happening is very important, since it is one of the first
signs of Macbeth’s fear and guilt. This scene was designed with great subtlety to make Shakespeare’s audience
spit on Macbeth’s face when he began to fear for himself, even after committing the murder of a king and having his 
closest companion murdered.

   Beyond this scene the play becomes more sinister and the atmosphere transforms into cold, darkness and raging
evil. Macbeth goes to the moor to  meet the witches where he makes them promise to answer his questions and
they conjure up supernatural apparitions to answer him. At first these apparitions seem to be on Macbeth’s side and
do not alarm him in any way and when told by the witches, “None of women born shall harm Macbeth”, he feels
more confident. As he thinks more about the apparitions he feels there is something darker about them.
Shakespeare uses the supernatural apparition to show the audience that evil is present. These supernatural
apparitions are as important as the earlier predictions made by the witches since they display several characteristic
which Macbeth has obtained during his first meeting with the witches and now. This scene shows how Macbeth no
longer follows his own instincts but instead relies completely on the supernatural. These apparitions are one of the

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7/2/2015 The Supernatural in Shakespeare's Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

reasons for Macbeth’s end. He relied on the supernatural so much that he lost his strength of suspicion, this leads
Macbeth into  being tricked by the witches. When he is told, “None of women born shall harm Macbeth”, he
becomes over confident and does not fear nor is careful of anyone. When Macbeth meets Macduff at his end he is
not scared and threatens Macduff  not to fight him since he has too much of Macduff’s family blood on his sword
already. Macbeth is suggesting that he can kill Macduff if he wants to. The apparitions are also important in the fact
that Shakespeare expresses his view that the supernatural is evil, and can trick even the strongest of people. This
is the last meeting between Macbeth and the witches before the play ends and also the last times any supernatural
things occur. The scene  also displays the witches supernatural abilities and contributes towards Macbeth’s
increasing fear of death, because the apparitions contradict themselves by saying, “Beware of Macduff” and “None
of women born shall harm Macbeth”. Macbeth does not understand that he is being tricked by the fact that Macduff
was born premature or by caesarean section, it is not clear which one, but by being born that way he is not of,
“woman born”, therefore it is possible that Macduff could harm Macbeth. The contradiction in the apparitions makes
Macbeth double minded, unsure and scared. Though eventually, with great apprehension, he manages to convince
himself that not even Macduff can harm him. Macbeth, aswell as the audience, at this point, are unclear as to what
the third apparition means. The apparition involves a child holding a tree and is crowned. Macbeth ignores it, but is
still fearing death and his kingship is becoming strained and confusing for both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth.

   Although Lady Macbeth seems to have a stronger mental character at the start of the play, she is now suffering
from remorse and confusion. She feels, “Tis safer to be that which we destroy than by destruction dwell in doubtful
joy”. Lady Macbeth describes the supernatural as her, “destruction”, and she refers to her royalty and wealth as,
“doubtful joy”, this quote from Lady Macbeth shows how even the most desperate of people regret relying on the
supernatural. At the beginning of Act 5 Scene 1 Macbeth is informed of Lady Macbeth’s death. Macbeth shows no
emotion or extra stress, this suggests that he doesn’t really care. This scene, though it is not directly linked with the
supernatural, shows how selfish Macbeth has become due it.

   Macbeth has knowledge of Malcom’s army moving in to attack his castle and has ordered his army also to attack.
Shakespeare finishes the play very dramatically with Macbeth being Slain by Macduff, and Malcom being crowned
the rightful King of Scotland. This is the third and final apparition which was given to Macbeth by the witches. This
apparition has also come true. The little child with a crown on his head in the apparition is meant to be Malcom once
he has been crowned the rightful King of  Scotland. The significance of the tree which was held by the child in the
apparition is, “Great Birnam Wood”, where Malcom hid his army in the days following up to the final battle.

   At the start of the play Macbeth is portrayed as a tactful and intelligent soldier but in his final battle he uses none
of these skills. The reason for this is that the evil supernatural has made Macbeth lose these Virtues. The
supernatural theme is a very important one in, “Macbeth”. Otherwise the play could not have been concluded to its
fullest extent, and Macbeth could not be vanquished as ironically as he was when, Great Birnam Wood moved!
Macbeth caused his own destruction when he relied on the supernatural.

   As the play follows a man to his complete destruction and loss of integrity the supernatural is very crucial as it is
the reason behind, Macbeth, this man’s destruction.  

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The theme of prophecy in Macbeth serves as the driving force behind the narrative, particularly influencing Macbeth's decisions and actions. The witches' initial prophecies awaken Macbeth's latent ambition, leading him to murder King Duncan to fulfill their prediction of becoming king. These prophecies manipulate Macbeth into a false sense of security and control, as he believes them to be infallible. As the narrative progresses, the prophecies become progressively ambiguous, manipulating Macbeth into committing further atrocities and leading to his downfall. Shakespeare employs prophecy to comment on the dangerous allure of power and the illusion of destiny .

The witches' prophecies in Macbeth are central to the play's exploration of fate versus free will. The prophecies suggest a predetermined destiny for Macbeth, leading him to abandon moral judgments and pursue the throne aggressively. However, it is Macbeth's choice to act on these prophecies, which illustrates Shakespeare's commentary on free will. Macbeth’s downfall suggests that his fate was sealed by his own actions, not the supernatural predictions. This duality between fate and agency illustrates the complex interplay of human desire and destiny, questioning the extent to which individuals control their own paths .

Shakespeare uses supernatural elements to underscore the theme of evil and its influence on Macbeth's actions. The witches' prophecies play a pivotal role in igniting Macbeth's ambition and leading him to murder King Duncan. The eerie visions and ghostly apparitions are designed to reflect Macbeth's descent into madness and guilt, highlighting how his reliance on supernatural forecasts triggers his moral decay. Shakespeare illustrates that the supernatural not only instigates Macbeth's tragic downfall but also serves as a broader allegory for the pervasive power of evil .

In Macbeth, fear is intricately entwined with the supernatural to drive character actions and decisions. Fear of the witches’ prophecies initially spurs Macbeth’s murderous actions and paranoia. The supernatural manifestations, such as Banquo's ghost, intensify this fear, reflecting both his guilt and the psychological torment it causes. For Lady Macbeth, the supernatural initially emboldens her, yet the fear of their deeds ultimately leads to her mental collapse. Shakespeare uses fear as both a motivator and an instrument of destruction, showing how it is amplified and manipulated through the supernatural to unravel his characters .

Shakespeare employs the supernatural to illustrate the destructive nature of unchecked ambition in Macbeth. The witches' prophecies awaken Macbeth’s latent ambition, urging him onto a path of murder and tyranny to realize the foreseen kingship. This supernatural incitement reflects the peril of overreaching desires. Lady Macbeth’s invocation of dark forces further illustrates how ambition can drive individuals to embrace malevolent acts, ignoring moral codes. Shakespeare reveals how supernatural elements serve as catalysts for ambition, yet simultaneously highlight its dangers and the ensuing moral consequences .

Macbeth's interactions with the witches fundamentally alter his perception of reality and influence his decision-making throughout the play. The prophecies feed his ambition, creating a distorted reality where he believes he can control his destiny. His subsequent dependency on supernatural predictions undermines his judgment, causing him to act impulsively and destructively. The witches symbolize the unreliable nature of such foresight, as Macbeth becomes increasingly detached from reality, engaging in a futile struggle against his foretold fate. Shakespeare uses these interactions to demonstrate how blind trust in supernatural elements leads to Macbeth's eventual ruin .

Supernatural apparitions in Macbeth are crucial in foreshadowing the play’s tragic outcome. The apparitions conjured by the witches—such as the armed head, the bloody child, and the crowned child with a tree—provide cryptic insights into Macbeth’s future. They symbolize his eventual defeat and the rise of Malcolm, serving as symbolic harbingers of doom for Macbeth. Despite the deceptive comfort they seem to offer, these apparitions actually embody the intricate manipulations and the dire consequences of relying on supernatural guidance. This reliance and misinterpretation of the apparitions ultimately lead Macbeth to his demise .

Macbeth's visions and hallucinations serve as a window into his deteriorating psyche. The dagger he sees before Duncan's murder symbolizes his guilty conscience and ambivalence regarding the murder. Banquo's ghost represents Macbeth's overwhelming guilt and fear of being discovered, manifesting his anxiety within a physical appearance. These supernatural visions highlight Macbeth’s internal conflict and moral decline as he is increasingly consumed by paranoia and fear. Shakespeare uses these hallucinations to illustrate Macbeth's transformation from a brave soldier into a tyrant crippled by his guilt and fear .

Lady Macbeth's interaction with the supernatural amplifies her ambition and sets the stage for her eventual downfall. Initially, she invokes supernatural forces to 'unsex' her and enhance her resolve to murder King Duncan. However, the weight of guilt from their crimes and reliance on the supernatural precipitates her mental unraveling. Lady Macbeth's early embrace of the supernatural reflects her desire for power but ultimately leads to her madness and demise as she becomes consumed by remorse and fear. Shakespeare portrays her as a tragic figure, showing how involvement with unnatural forces corrodes human integrity and sanity .

Shakespeare juxtaposes the supernatural and natural order to emphasize the disruption caused by Macbeth's ambition and actions. The witches' prophecies and supernatural manifestations introduce elements that defy natural law and social order. This disruption is reflected in the chaotic state of nature, such as storms, and the collapse of moral order among characters. By contrasting the natural harmony with supernatural chaos, Shakespeare underscores the catastrophic consequences of Macbeth's unnatural path to power. The disturbance of the natural order signifies the broader theme of moral corruption and the restoration sought by Malcolm .

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