Auxiliary View
□ Auxiliary View Projection Theory
□ Auxiliary View Classifications
□ Auxiliary View Applications
□ Summary
Auxiliary View Projection Theory
An auxiliary view is an orthographic view that is projected onto any plane other than one of the six
principal views.
Figure 1: Auxiliary view
Auxiliary View Projection Theory
Fold-Line Method
Figure 2: Object in glass box and resulting six views when the box is unfolded
Auxiliary View Projection Theory
Fold-Line Method
Figure 3: Object in glass box with special auxiliary plane
Auxiliary View Projection Theory
Fold-Line Method
Figure 4: Unfolding the glass box to create an auxiliary view of the inclined plane
Auxiliary View Projection Theory
Fold-Line Method
Figure 5: Object distance from fold line
Auxiliary View Projection Theory
Reference Plane Method
Figure 6: Reference planes
Auxiliary View Projection Theory
Reference Plane Method
When using reference planes or fold lines always remember the following:
1. Reference or fold lines always are drawn perpendicular to the projection lines between the views.
2. Transfer measurements always are taken parallel to the projection lines and perpendicular to the
reference or fold lines.
3. Reference planes always appear on edge as lines in the views adjacent to the central view but
never in two adjacent views.
4. Distances from the object to the reference or fold lines in the auxiliary view and the measuring
view are the same.
Auxiliary View Classifications
Auxiliary views are created by positioning a new line of sight relative to the object. It is possible to
create any number of successive auxiliary views, including a new auxiliary view from an existing
auxiliary view. Therefore, auxiliary views first are classified as: primary, secondary, or tertiary
(Figure7).
A primary auxiliary view is a single view projected from one of the six principal views.
A secondary auxiliary view is a single view projected from a primary auxiliary view.
A tertiary auxiliary view is a single view projected from a secondary or another tertiary auxiliary view.
Auxiliary View Classifications
Figure 7: Primary, secondary, and tertiary auxiliary views
Auxiliary View Classifications
Reference or Fold-Line Labeling Conventions
Depth Auxiliary View
Figure 8: Constructing a depth auxiliary view
to determine the true size and shape of the
inclined surface
Auxiliary View Classifications
Height Auxiliary View
A height auxiliary view is an auxiliary
view projected from the top view, and
the height dimension is shown true length.
Figure 9: Constructing a partial height auxiliary view
of an inclined surface
Auxiliary View Classifications
Width Auxiliary View
A width auxiliary view is an auxiliary view projected
From the profile view, and the width dimension is
shown true length.
Figure 10: Constructing a partial width auxiliary view
of an inclined surface
Auxiliary View Classifications
Partial Auxiliary Views
In auxiliary views, it is normal practice not to project
hidden features or other features that are not part of
the inclined surface. When only the details for the
inclined surface are projected and drawn in the
auxiliary view, the view is called a partial auxiliary
view. A partial auxiliary view saves time and produces
a drawing that is much more readable.
Figure 11: A full auxiliary view, including hidden lines,
and a partial auxiliary view with no hidden lines
Auxiliary View Classifications
Half Auxiliary Views
Symmetrical objects can be represented as a half
auxiliary view; that is, only half of the object is drawn.
Construction of a half auxiliary view is the same as
described earlier for full auxiliary views.
Figure 12: A half auxiliary view of a symmetrical feature
Auxiliary View Classifications
Curves
and Auxiliary Views Using CAD
Figure 13: Constructing a curve in an auxiliary view
Auxiliary View Applications
Auxiliary views are used to determine the true size and shape of features that would appear
foreshortened in any of the principal views. The applications for auxiliary views can be grouped into
the following five areas:
■ Reverse construction
■ True length of a line
■ Point view of a line
■ Edge view of a plane
■ True size of a plane
Auxiliary View Applications
Reverse Construction
For some objects, an auxiliary view must be created before a principal view can be drawn, using a
technique called reverse construction.
Figure 14: Reverse construction technique
Auxiliary View Applications
View in a Specified Direction: Point View of a Line
Auxiliary views can be used to draw a view in a
Specified direction. To create a view of an object
in a specified direction, find the point view of the
line of sight. Figure 15 shows the top and front
views of an object, with arrow AB indicating the
desired view. Arrow AB becomes the line of sight
for the desired view.
Figure 15: Constructing a view in a specified direction: point view of a line
Auxiliary View Applications
Dihedral Angles
A dihedral angle is the angle between two planes.
Determining the true measurement of a dihedral
angle is a common application for auxiliary views.
To draw and measure the angle between two
planes, create a point view of the line of
intersection between the two planes.
Figure 16: Determining the true measurement of a dihedral angle
Auxiliary View Applications
Successive Auxiliary Views: True Size of Oblique Surfaces
An infinite number of auxiliary views can be
created from any given view. In Figure 17, the
arrows surrounding the primary auxiliary view
indicate just some of the lines of sight that can be
used to create other auxiliary views, and with each
new auxiliary view, others can be created.
Successive auxiliary views are multiple auxiliary
views of an object created by projecting from
previous auxiliary views. Figure 17 shows the front
and top principal views and three successive
auxiliary views of an object.
Figure 17: Creating successive auxiliary views
Summary
Auxiliary views are a type of orthographic
projection used to determine the true size
and shape of inclined and oblique surfaces
of objects. Normally, auxiliary views are
projected from existing principal views.
However, auxiliary views also can be drawn
first and then used to create a principal
view. This is done when a true
measurement only can be obtained by an
auxiliary view and that measurement
is needed in order to create a principal view.
This technique is called reverse
construction. Any number of auxiliary views
of an object can be created. Successive
auxiliary views can be created by projecting
Figure 18: Constructing successive auxiliary views
from an existing auxiliary view. to determine the true size of an oblique surface
