WRITING ‘SKILL Read the model paragraph. MODEL Father's Day Father's Day is an American holiday when children honor their fathers. A woman named Sonora Smart Dodd thought of the idea for Father's Day. Sonora’s mother died when she was a young girl. After that, her father, William Smart, took care of her. Sonora wanted to honor her father and other fathers with a celebration. Sonora’s father was born in June, so she decided to have the first Father's Day celebration in June. The celebration was on June 19, 1910. In 1972, Father's Day became a national holiday. Today Americans celebrate Father's Day on the third Sunday of June. Using Correct Paragraph Format A paragraph is a group of sentences about one topic. Paragraphs have a special format. Follow these rules when you write a paragraph: 1. Begin the first line of each paragraph five spaces in from the left margin. This is called indenting. Begin each sentence with a capital letter. Do not start each new sentence on a new line. End sentences with a period, question mark, or exclamation point. Include a title, veer Practice Read and correct the sentences. Then use the sentences to write a paragraph in your notebook. Remember to follow the rules of paragraph format. M 1, my brother Jim is a stay-at-home dad he stays at home to take care of his twin daughters they are three years old he is a great father, and he loves his role as a stay-at-home dad jim reads about being a stay-at-home dad on the Internet > wp YS jim is happy to stay home, but he is busy from morning to night UNIT ONE Ml Chapter 2. 17Editing Read the paragraph. Corre in capitalization, punctuation, and comp mistakes including the example. rect the incomplete sentences, and fix the mistafe, ound sentences. There are seven tae up in a traditional family. My father went to work every day and my mother stayed at home to take care of the kids. Every night m parents, my sister Ellen, and I had dinner together On Sunday afternoons, we went to my grandmother's house for a big lunch. My aunt Mary, her husband, Tom, and their children came, too. after lunch Ipl yed games with my cousins, we all had fun together: I realize the value of family, but I'm raising my children the same way. FING ASSIGNMENT | STEP 1 STEP 2 Write a paragraph. Follow the steps. Get ideas. Choose a topic for your paragray ph. Work in pairs. . then ask and answer the questi betes: Complete the scutes ions, O Topic 1: An interesting relative 1 Topic 2: An interesting friend My 's name is : Sd tts 1. How old is your relative or friend? 2. Where does he or she live? em” e four Hen Write one or ng wmPlete sentences to answer the questio® © oF friend, Use a coordina ot® interesting sentences about your ating, conjunction in each sentence. ‘om Reading to Writing 2STEP 3 STEP 4 STEP 5 Write your paragraph. Write your paragraph. Begin with the first sentence you wrote in Step 1. Continue with the other sentences you wrote in Step 2. Check your work. Read your paragraph. Use the Writing Checklist to look for mistakes, and use the editing symbols on page 192 to mark corrections. Writing Checklist Q Did you follow correct paragraph format? 1 Did you use at least two coordinating conjunctions correctly? Q Did you put a comma before coordinating conjunctions? Q Does every sentence have a subject and a verb? Write a final copy. Correct your mistakes. Copy your final paragraph and give it to your instructor.= Identifying Supporting sentene cael i has a main idea and supportins : naane A wellewsten Deed je main idea and give information such 2 tho, Sau’ ‘These sent shat, where, when, how, and why. a eee agraph, The main idea is underlined. Look atthe upporting sentences that follow it, which show who, why, where, when. EXAMPLE : Rice is one of the world’s most important foods. Almost three| billion people all over the world eat rice. It is the most . important food for people in China and India. Why is it so opular? First, it can grow anywhere, even on hills and] vy Femaneaine indeed, ree is grown in many continents, including]... China, India, Indonesia, and the United States. Rice is also I popular because it is easy to cook and store. Rice has been _ popular for a long time. For example, people have grown itin|__ Africa for 3,500 years and in Asia for over 10,000 years. Practice A. Read paragraph 3 on page 26 again. Underline the sentence that gives the main idea. Read each main idea and the sentences below it. Check (¥) any sentences that do not support the main idea. 1, Chocolate is a very popular food. a. Many people eat chocolate candy, chocolate cakes, and chocolate ice cream. - They eat chocolate hot or cold, in boxes, bottles, or cups. ©. Chocolate is made from the seeds of the cacao tree. d. The average American eats ay rOXiI chocolate a year. Per eanately 12 pounds of From Reading to Writing 2we use cacao beans to make chocolate, but many years ago, people in Central and South America used cacao beans as money. a. For example, a tomato cost one cacao bean, and a turkey cost 90 beans. ___ b. Some cacao farmers clear sections of the rain forest for their farms. ____ c. People paid 30 beans for a small rabbit and 80 beans for a piece of cloth. ___ d. Cacao trees provide food and shelter for many dwellers of the rain forest. » . Cacoa (chocolate) has been used in Mexico and Central and South America for over three thousand years. a. Chocolate was found in jars in Oaxaco, Mexico, from around 1200 c.B. b. Before the 1700s, Europeans had never heard of chocolate. c. The Maya civilization was drinking it around 400 c.E. d. The Aztecs drank chocolate in the form of a bitter, spicy drink in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries. ROM READING inet Reflecting on the Reading Discuss the questions in pairs or small groups. 1. Pizza is an international food. What other examples of international foods can you think of? 2, Do you like to try foods from different countries? Why or why not?wamTnc SKILL ~~ ig Topic Sentences A paragraph is a group of sentences about one main idea. The sentence that states the main idea is called the topic sentence. It is the most important sentence in a paragraph. The topic sentence is often, but not always, the first sentence of a paragraph. A topic sentence has two parts. the topic: the subject of the paragraph the controlling idea: the most important idea about the topic EXAMPLES Tom -———conTmLLNs ine + Pho isthe most popular food in Vietnam. a developed gradually over thousands of years. Practice A. Read the topic sentences. in each sentence, circle the topic and underline the controlling idea. Ay serves the best pizza in town. 2. Rice is the most important food in my country. 3. The food at my college is terrible. 4. Carrots are a healthy snack. 5. People in Turkey drink a lot of tea. 6. My grandmother is the best cook in our family. 7. Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. 8. Chocolate has a long and interesting history. unt two M Chapter3 31.= B. Read each paragraph. Circle the letter of the best topic sentence, L First, vegetables have many of the vitamins you need to keep your body working well. For example dark green vegetables like spinach and yellow vegetables like carrois have vitamin C. Vegetables like broccoli and sweet potatoes are high in fiber: Finally, many scientists believe that eating some vegetables can help fight illness. If you eat vegetables every day, you'll have better health. a. There is a lot of vitamin C in dark green and yellow vegetables, b. Vegetables taste delicious, especially when they are fresh. c. Vegetables are good for your health. 2 . People in the Andes Mountains of South America first grew potatoes over 7,000 years ago. When the Spanish arrived in Peru in the 1500s, they were very interested in this vegetable. They thought it was strange but delicious. The Europeans traveling to and from South America brought potatoes home with them. People in Spain started eating and growing potatoes soon alter this, and then the rest of Europe learned about this food. a, Potatoes have a long and interesting history. b. Potatoes are one of my favorite foods. ¢. The first potato farmers were South American, Editing Read the | Paragraph. Fix the mistakes in capitalization, punctuation, and use of coordinating conjunctions. There are six mistakes including the example 7 My Favorite Food pizza is my favorite food. I eat it three or four times a week. Loftet eat pizza for lunch or dinner and sometimes I eat cold pizza for breakfast. I like to try different combinations of toppings, or my favorite kind of pizza is mushroom and double cheese, when I go to new city;“one of the first things i do is try the pizza there. I've had lols of great pizzas all around the county So my favorite is still from the pizzeria right in my own neighborhood, 32 From Reading to Writing 2WRITING ASSIGNMENT STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3 STEP 4 Write a paragraph. Follow the steps. Get ideas. Choose a topic for your paragraph. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions about your topic. O Topic 1: Your favorite food Q Topic 2: A popular food in your country 1, What is the name of the food? 2. What ingredients are in the food? 3. When do you/people eat it? 4. Where do you/people eat it? 5. Why do you/people like it? Organize your ideas. Write a topic sentence for your paragraph. Topic 1: = EXAMPLES, * Paella is one of my favorite foods, «* Hamburgers are my favorite food Topic 2: EXAMPLES + Sushi is a very popular food in my country. + Sandwiches are a popular food in my country. Write your paragraph. Start your paragraph with your topic sentence. Then follow with sentences that answer the questions in Step 1. Check your work. Read your paragraph, Use the Writing Checklist to look for mistakes, and use the editing symbols on page 192 to mark corrections. unt 1wo Chapter 3. 33Read the model paragraph. MODEL My Favorite Cook reser Rota oe My mother is a wonderful cook!!she learned to cook as a young girl by helping my grandmother in the kitchen, Her specialty is Italian food. Everyone 4 Our family loves her delicious pasta dishes such as spaghetti and lasagna, Men). Iny mother’s best recipes came from my grandmother. My mother also enjoys ‘watching cooking shows on television and trying the new recipes she sees o, te favorite shows. My mother cooks a big dinner for our family every Saturday Right, and every month she invites all of our relatives for a big Sunday dinner She spends about three days preparing all the food for the dinner. All of my ‘elatives and | agree that my mother isthe best cook in the whole family, __ la Developing a Paragraph with Supporting Sentences ware You have learned that a good para ‘sxut” which states the main idea, and » topic sentence. Supporting sentey When you write a paragraph, ag such as who, what, where, raph has two parts: a topic sentence ‘upporting sentences, which explain the neces give examples, facts, and reasons yourself questions about the main idea, when, how, and why, Thi you think Supporting sentences 0 include in wae Paregranh eae Practice oat fpet29°Ph on this page, Write answers to the aoe ce 1 % ic sentence, Copy the Supporting 972M. Then compare your answers with Who does she cook: for? MY mother cooks a big dinner for our ind every month she in air family every Saturday night we2 all of our relatives for a big Sunday tives for a big Sunday — From Reading to Writing 2ae 3, Where did she get her recipe? 4. When did she learn to cook? 5. How did she learn to cook? . Read each topic sentence. Circle the letter of the sentence that does NOT support the main idea. 1, Breakfast is the most important meal of the day. a. Breakfast gives your body the energy it needs to start the day. D, A good breakfast helps you think clearly, solve problems, and remember things. c. Many families enjoy eating together. . Children who eat breakfast do better in school, and adults who eat breakfast perform better at work. 2. Thad a dinner party for my friend's birthday, and it was terrible a, I cooked the chicken for too long, so it was dry. b. I gave my friend a CD for her birthday. c. Some people didn’t get any salad because I didn’t make enough. d. IT burned the birthday cake, and we couldn't eat it. 3, Many people believe that garlic is good for your health. a, Scientists are proving that garlic can fight some kinds of cancer. b. Doctors think garlic can help prevent heart disease, too. c. Fresh garlic has a strong smell and is difficult to peel. d. Garlic can also help you feel better when you have a cold or sore throat. unt Two Hl Chapter 4 41 Fi rte gero prop uae n cea Pn ts of coordinating conjunctions. My Favorite Chef Masaharu Morimoto is my favorite celebrity chef,or I Watch hin on TV often. he was born in Hiroshima, Japan, where he learned hoy to make sushi and other Japanese dishes. When he was 30 Years old, Morimoto moved to New York City? In New York, Morimoto learned many other kinds of cooking. Today he still uses traditional Japanes: flavors in his dishes, so he also uses Chinese spices and simple Italizy ingredients, finally, he is also influenced by French cooking. Morimow is truly a chef with an international flavor, RITING ASSIGNMENT | STEP 1 Write a paragraph, Follow the Steps. Get ideas, From Reading to Writine >2 From Reading to Writing 2 =a Read the model paragraph. MODEL My Special Talent am good at public speaking. | like to talk in front of large groups of people, For example, | like to give speeches in class. | don’t feel nervous. | became aware of my ability in third grade. | liked to learn poems and say them in front of my Class. Everybody clapped for me, and | liked that. Later, my teachers gave me important parts in school plays. For instance, in sixth grade, | was Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz. In high school, | won a speaking contest. | really enjoy public speaking, and | want to learn more about it. Using Examples You can use examples to support the main idea of a paragraph. They help to make your main idea clear to the reader. You can introduce an example with these transition words followed by a comma: * For example, * For instance, These transition words have the same meaning. Use them to introduce a complete sentence, not just words. (Remember, a complete sentence has a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought.) EXAMPLE SUuBLecT + vene * like to talkin front of large groups of people, For example give speeches in class. Practice A. Read the model paragraph again. Underline the two sentences that show ‘examples. Circle the transition words. 8. Each sentence has a punctuation error or is incomplete. Look at the reading on pages 48-49 again and correct each sentence, 1. Ray’s mother helped him. For example, be independent. Ray's mother helped him. For example, she taught him to be independent, me a2. Ray won many awards. For instance, 12 Grammy Awards. 3. Bad things happened to Ray, for example, his brother drowned, 4. Asa boy, Ray loved listening to music, on the radio, for instance. 5. Ray learned to play several instruments. For example, the piano and the clarinet. 6. Ray had many hit songs in his career. “Georgia on My Mind,” for example. fa Wits Concluding Sentence warne 4 Par “rite” summarizes the main idea found in the topic sentence. Sometimes a aph ends with a concluding sentence. The concluding sentence concluding sentence repeats words or ideas from the topic sentence. EXAMPLE Ray Charles had a successful career in spite of being blind. He learned to play many different instruments, and he became a respected musician, He wrote and sang his own songs, and he led big bands. He made great records for more than 50 years. Ray Charles did not let his blindness stop him from having a great career in music, Sometimes a concluding sentence states the writer's opinion about the topic. EXAMPLE, Ray Charles overcame many problems in his life. He grew up poor, and he could not depend on his father. He lost his eyesight by the age of seven. Then, when he was a teenager, his mother died, and he had to depend on himself. He managed to be independent and have a great career in spite of being blind. | think Ray Charles was a brave man. UNIT THREE Ml Chapter 5 33Practice 52. Copy the topic sentence yh on page 52. iat a A. Look at the model par2gr eirce the words that repeat the idea’ the concluding si : the two sentences. Topic sentence: _ Concluding sentence: _ B. Read each paragraph. Copy the best concluding sentence on the ling, Rea i below. 1. 1am good at making clothes. I like to make clothes for myself ang ” family, For example, I made my wedding dress, and I make dresses my little girls. [learned to sew from my mother, and I still use hey oo" sewing machine. a. You can save money by making clothes, b. Lenjoy the time I spend making clothes. ©. Tam planning to buy a new sewing machine, 2. {1s dificult for me to read maps, Sometimes I get into trouble Pecause I can‘t understand a map. For example, when I fies cme were {Couldnt read the subway map. I got lost, and Twinn ate Tibuay for three hous. I couldn't ask for divections 4g English. Nox 'm good at asking for directions. s 4 Loften need directions when | dive b However, lam sill bad at reading maps. Thad my cell phone, © Thad my cell phone, but it didn’t Work in the subway, Editing Read the paragraph. Correct the j in capitalization, wae Punctuation, and use ote Sentences and fix the mistakes are seven mistakes ' including the ex. mp len dinating conjunctions. Ther? w sak 10 me, | usually - when people spi ually do not understang, For example: I don’ rstand salespeople in stores, Tm my count 'on’t understal Y, Hear Teared a lot of grammar, bu! 4 From Reading to Writing 2 4RADIGESTaNE Write a paragraph. Follow the steps. STEP 1 Get ideas. Choose a topic for your paragraph. Wor questions about your topic. O Topic 1: A trip I took 1. When and where did you go on your trip? 2. How did you get there? 3. What interesting things did you do or see? 4. What did you do first? 5. 6. rk in pairs. Ask and answer the . What did you do after that? . What was the best or worst part of the trip? Topic 2: A memorable experience 1. What was the experience? 2. When and where did it happen? 3. How did you feel? (excited, scared, sad, etc.) 4. What happened first? 5. What happened next? 6. What did you learn from the experience? STEP 2 Organize your ideas. A. Write a topic sentence for your paragraph. Include a word or phrase that tells the main idea of the story. ATOPIC Sn ol ohio Seni ele t he EXAMPLES ‘+ Last summer, | took a wonderful trip to Seoul, Korea. * [had a fantastic time on my trip to Egypt last winter. Topica’ Ait Nowlin ary tact a1 EXAMPLES * My first day in the United States was exciting, + I'll never forget the frightening experience | had during a snowsto™ last winter. B. Ona piece of paper, make an outline. Look back at your ideas it Step 1. Write supporting sentences for your topic sentence. Add ® concluding sentence. , 18 From Reading to Writing 2 ee aNe NTS STEP 1 STEP 2 Write a paragraph. Follow the steps. Get ideas. Choose a topic for your paragraph. Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about your topic. QO Topic 1: Your city or hometown CO) Topic 2: Your favorite city |. What is the name of your hometown / favorite ¢! . Where is it located? When was the last time you visited? What is it famous for? What can you do there? Does it have interesting museums or monum. . How is the food there? ‘ity? ents? NOU EYNe Organize your ideas. A. Write a topic sentence for your paragraph. Mpplcn acta at anetion. il oo damtin outs ents EXAMPLES + My hometown is San Juan, Puerto Rico. * San Juan, Puerto Rico, is my hometown. + Last summer, | visited the great city of Sydney. «When | was a child, my family went to Osaka. B. Ona piece of paper, make an outline. Look back at your ideas in Write supporting sentences for your topic sentence. Use time claus with before and after. Add a concluding sentence. step!2. Ss ‘ pam is a big proble a big problem for me. It takes me a lot of time to delete unw: . wanted messages, and sometimes I delete messages from friends by mi by mistake. T usually send them instant messages instead s full of spam, so it has no of e-mail. Sometimes my mailbox F room for the mail I want. I really hate spam. E-mail has many advantages over other kinds of a aaa ommunication, You can send messages faster than regular m to many people at the same less, and you don't | users should have ail. You can easily send the same message time. Compared to the telephone, e-mail costs have to answer your mail right away. All e-mail a virus protection program. 4. There are two important disadva First, when you ride in an elevator, you just s oday don’t get enough exercise, d take the stairs, Some disabled people Second, elevators can get stuck if in an elevator is @ ntages to riding in elevators. tand there and don’t get any exercise. People t so they should avoid elevators an‘ have to depend on elevators. there is a power failure, and being trapped i terrible experi .d not using elevators. ence. I recommen == Using Commas ve many uses. Here are three rules to remember. Commas ha’ 1, Use a comma before ‘and, but, or, oF so ina compound sentence. EXAMPLES camera, and | use it 4 lot. « [have a cell phone «My cell phone camera good enough can save the photos. e battery is low, so! doesn’t take great photos, but they're ol or | can delete them. My cell phon’ eed to charge it. 2, Use commas after items in a series of three or more: EXAMPLES F mall, black, and shiny. | use the camera t© take pictures of my friends, mY family, and my cat. wer vive Chapter 9 99